Renal Function Tests PDF 2024-2025

Practical Physiology Second class Urinary system 2024-2025 Renal Function Tests B- Chemical analysis To detect some compound...

Practical Physiology Second class Urinary system 2024-2025 Renal Function Tests B- Chemical analysis To detect some compounds in urine such: Urobilinogen, Glucose, Bilirubin, Ketones, Blood and Protein C- Microscopic Examination After taking the urine sample and prepare it for microscopic examination. We can find these forms: Red blood cells (RBCs), White blood cells (WBCs), Mucus, Various Epithelial cells, Various Crystal’s, Casts, Bacteria, Fungi, Parasite and Artifacts Blood tests: There are several blood tests that can aid in evaluating kidney function. These include: 1- Serum Urea: Urea is filtered at the glomerulus and undergoes secretion and reabsorption in the tubules. Elevated serum urea levels indicate renal dysfunction, particularly glomerular issues, typically seen when glomerular function declines below 50%. Normal levels range from 20-45 mg/dL, but can be influenced by diet and non-renal disorders. 2- Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): Serum urea can be converted to BUN by multiplying by 0.47. Elevated BUN indicates azotemia. 3- Calcium Test: This test evaluates parathyroid and kidney function, cancers, pancreatitis, and kidney stones, with normal levels between 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL. 4- Phosphorus: High phosphorus levels typically occur in severe kidney disease. Normal serum phosphorus ranges from 3.4 to 4.5 mg/dL. Excess can lead to calcification in soft tissues. Practical Physiology Second class Urinary system 2024-2025 5- Proteinuria: Significant proteinuria is seen in nephrotic syndrome (>3-4 g/day). In tubulo-interstitial diseases, protein loss is usually