Religious Studies Flashcards PDF

Religious Studies Flashcards Monotheism: Belief in one God God: The one true divinity, referred to by Jews as Hashem, Adonai, or Elohim Jerusalem: Capital city of Israel; sacred city for Jews, Christians, and Muslims; the site of the 1st and 2nd Temples Abraham: Hebrew bible patriarch and f...

Religious Studies Flashcards Monotheism: Belief in one God God: The one true divinity, referred to by Jews as Hashem, Adonai, or Elohim Jerusalem: Capital city of Israel; sacred city for Jews, Christians, and Muslims; the site of the 1st and 2nd Temples Abraham: Hebrew bible patriarch and father of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Moses: Led the exodus of the Israelites out of slavery Exile: Distance from God and distance from home; the central problem in Judaism Return: The solution to the core problem of exile in Judaism Exodus: Influential biblical story narrating the escape of Moses and the Israelites from slavery in Egypt to freedom in the promised land Western Wall: Sole remnant of the second temple in Jerusalem and a sacred pilgrimage site for Jews Ten Commandments: The laws given by God to Moses on Mt Sinai and inscribed on two stone tablets Tikkun Olam: Repair the world Messiah: Figure who will come at the end of times, restore the Jews to the promised land, rebuild the temple and inaugurate a peaceful and just world to come Israelite Religion: Proto-Jewish religious tradition focused on priestly sacrifice in the Jerusalem Temple Synagogue: Jewish house of worship Rabbinic Judaism: Text-oriented religious tradition of Jews today that developed around the time of the destruction of the second temple Rabbi: Teacher, scholar, and religious leader in Judaism Tanakh: Written Torah; acronym for its three parts, Torah, Nevi'im, and Ketuvim Torah: Sacred text containing the story of the Israelites; also called the five books of Moses Talmud: Authoritative collection of Torah interpretation Orthodox, Conservative, Reform: Three branches of Judaism Kosher: Adhering to kashrut, or Jewish dietary laws Bar/Bat Mitzvah: The ritual celebration marking the coming of age of a Jewish child, at which time the person takes on the religious responsibilities of an adult Shabbat: Day of spiritual renewal and rest. Beginning at sunset on Friday and closing at nightfall on Saturday. Kippah or Yarmulke: The skullcap head covering worn by Jewish men and some Jewish women Yom Kippur: Jewish Day of Atonement Shoah/Holocaust: A persecution and attempted genocide of Jews during World War II. Rosh Hashanah: Jewish New Year Israel: The Jewish nation-state formed in Palestine following WW2 Passover: Holiday commemorating the Exodus story Hanukkah: Jewish festival of lights, which lasts eight days Zionism: A movement to create a Jewish homeland in the holy land Atonement: The reconciliation of God and humankind through Jesus Christ Sin: State of separation from God and an act of wrongdoing; said by Christians to be wiped away by the death of Jesus Salvation: Liberation from sin, the Christian religious goal Christ: The Greek term for 'Messiah.' It means 'the anointed one.' Paul: Letter writer and early Christian missionary Constantine: Roman Emperor who embraced Christianity and helped transform it into a world religion Nicene Creed: A statement of beliefs upheld by most Christians, first established in the year 325 The Great Schism: The permanent split between the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christian churches Protestant Reformation: A religious movement of the 16th century that criticized the authority of the Catholic Church, resulting in the creation of Protestant Christianity Martin Luther: Catholic monk and Bible professor whose criticism launched the Protestant Reformation Holy Trinity: Father, Son, Holy Spirit Islam: A religion centered around the god, Allah, which began on the Arabian peninsula 2nd Largest Religion: Islam Muslims: People who practice Islam Quran: Sacred text of Islam Muhammad: The final Prophet of Islam, who received the Quran from the angel Gabriel Pride: Major problem facing humanity that is addressed by Islam Submission: The solution to the problem of pride, offered through Islam Sunni & Shi'a: Two main branches within Islam which divided over questions of leadership Sunni Islam: The larger of the two branches of Islam (approx. 90%), which emphasizes consensus and qualifications when choosing leaders Shia Islam: Minority branch of Islam now dominant in Iran Five Pillars: Five key Islamic practices, namely Shahada, or 'witnessing' that 'there is no God but God and Muhammad is the Messenger of God'; five daily prayers; almsgiving; fasting during the month of Ramadan; Hajj Eid: A Muslim festival coming at the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting. Mecca: Saudi Arabian city, the sacred center of the Muslim world, and the home of the Kaaba shrine around which the annual hajj revolves Kaaba: The cubic House of God in Mecca toward which observant Muslims pray every day and around which pilgrims walk during the hajj. Typically covered in an ornate black cloth, it includes a sacred black stone said to have fallen from heaven. The Six Articles of Faith: Six key Islamic beliefs, namely one God; angels; holy books; prophets, including Muhammad; the Day of Judgment; and predestination Hadith: Islamic scripture, second in authority only to the Quran, consisting of the exemplary sayings and actions of Muhammad and his companions Sufis: Members of Islamic mystical tradition focused on direct experience of the love of God Hijab: A headscarf worn by Muslim women Mosque: Place of community prayer that includes a niche in the wall indicating the direction of Mecca, toward which that prayer is directed Sunna: Authoritative custom and therefore a key source of Islamic law, typically rooted in the Quran and the Hadith, but also complementing both Mihrab: (Islam) a niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the direction of Mecca Halal: Any food deemed permissible to eat under Islam Haram: Any food disallowed under Islam, especially pork and alcohol Jihad: 'Struggle', external struggle against enemies of Islam and internal struggle to submit fully and completely to the divine Imam: 'Leader', among Sunnis, the local leader who oversees congregational prayers Revert: Preferred title for someone who has joined the religion of Islam, rather than someone who was born and raised in the religion Wudu: Ritual washing before prayer