Religion Exam Review PDF

Terms to know: Ethics = a direction one takes based on one’s ethical principles Morality = the actions one takes Moral Agent = humans have a certain autonomy & act in terms of a moral conscience Malevolence = the concept of evil Introspection = looking at &; reflecting on one’s internal personality...

Terms to know: Ethics = a direction one takes based on one’s ethical principles Morality = the actions one takes Moral Agent = humans have a certain autonomy & act in terms of a moral conscience Malevolence = the concept of evil Introspection = looking at &; reflecting on one’s internal personality &; beliefs Hubris = the notion of pride and self righteousness in a negative sense (excessive pride and self-confidence) The Four Scenarios: Scream (Fight or Flight), Beggar (Give or not, Stock Analyst), Car keys( Home @ 12 or not;Back on time or develop Life skills) Holocaust (WWII, Rwanda, Cambodia, Afghanistan) Know the following Jazz artists and key aspects: Dean Martin = sell alcohol, odd jobs, stood up for civil rights, fallout with Jerry Lewis Artie Shaw = saw fame as a burden, quit more than once, saw success as a form of prison, eight unstable marriages, Famous Stardust melancholy tune beauty, yet toxic gas Proverbs 15:16 Better to be with the Lord than guided by Fear Frank Sinatra = Involved with the Mafia and was a promoter of Civil Right. First to establish a multi racial band and supported Sammy Davis Jr Part of the Rat Pack Duke Ellington = professional pianist @ age 17 Part of a segregated band and thus denied opportunities. Restricted to playing at the Cotton Club in Harlem, New York Deut 31:4 Lord will not forsaken you Nat King Cole = vocal singer and pianist & Hollywood actor. Did not support Civil Right Movement and tried to integrate with White culture straightening his hair. Public dispute with Martin Luther King Jr Famous line, “ Hollywood is afraid of the Dark” Immanuel Kant = Prussia focus on logical structure & order, walk never beyond 100 kms from home, Duty to do the right thing Deontological Ethics Emmanuel Levinas = Lost all his family except wife & daughter who were hidden in a Catholic Monastery due to the intolerance og Jewish uniqueness in Nazi Germany. Aristotle = Father taught him to explore the world through rational observation. Lost his father @ age 17 Taught by Plato, but disagreed with his elites education He thought all can learn and there was a need to seek moderation & rational thought. Teleological Ethics = actions with a purpose Ludwig Wittgenstein = focus on the physical senses that can be measured - empirical evidence thus Logical Positivism Paul Ricoeur = Lost father in WWI Raised by pious religions grandparents Prisoner of war in WWII and taught prisoners Philosophy Got into an argument with marxist-Leninist @ Nanterre University in Paris where they put him in a garbage can He was discussed with this and became a Pacifist - logical verbal rather than violence to resolve disputes G.E Moore = Naturalism understanding the material universe is a unified system Alan Turing = British mathematician who created an intelligent machine where one might think it was a human response, thus the Turing Test John McCarthy = coined the term Artificial Intelligence St Augustine = Explained why God allows Malevolence in the world by way of Human’s Free Will to choice actions St Stephen = The 1st Chrsitian martyr who died at the hand of a Jewish mob stoning him to death orchestrated by St Paul “ Forgive them for they no ont what they do” St Paul – Jesus & Paul the Word & the Witness = Persecuted the early Jewish sect of Christianity then orchestrated death of St Stephen, went blind on the road to Demascus and cured by a Chrsitian, Annanius and then hear the voice of Jesus in a dream “ Stop persecuting my People” , Sigmund Freud = Studied neurotic disorders and explained it through psychological causes of childhood The Ero, and Super Era and dream analysis Dr. Jordan Peterson = Contemporary CDN psychologist Focus on meritocracy (merit) and become a better version of yourself via sound logical inquiry Charles Taylor = mother francophone, father anglophone in Quebec understood both solitudes Clash of cultures needs Reasonable Accommodations Noam Chomski = the concept of Manufactured Consent Re: the media Peter Kreeft = Civilization is doomed because the natural building block, the Family, is in crisis. It is a Cultural Spiritual Warfare situation with the secular world and there is no room for Pacifism Karl Rahner = influenced the Catholic Church through the documents which came out of the Second Vatican Council in the early 1960s He focuses on our sense of having a transcendental orientation. in all our human experiences through God’s grace. Bernard Lonergan = written work is called “Insight” He analyses historical and contemporary philosophical ideas including mathematics and it is all theological. Patricia O’Connell Killen = There is a venn diagram the has a person's experience with the unique religions heritage and a blending is the reflection. She discusses a west coast of North America phenomenon of the “nones’ = no religious affiliation. Thomas Merton = Seven Story Mountain is his famous text. Monk in Kentucky who felt that saving the world requires more than just prayer, it requires action in the world via Social Justice ( Moral discussions & Athletes ) ( Catholic parents who do not send their children…) Eckhart Tolle = German philosopher who does not look at the past, or focus on the future, but deals only with the present moment “The Now” Discusses the conversation in the conscience mind and the Ego Deepak Chopra = The need to connect with all that is around you by observing, but not being engaged with the drama. Self Awareness is the emerging epok Grace Lee Boggs = detroit activist at age 98 Worked with MLK Jr & Malcolm X ( Don’t get stuck on old ideas & you Change the world first by changing yourself ) Viktor Frankl = German jewish psychiatrist who survived the Holocaust concentration camp experience by finding Meaning in life. All suffering is embraced if there is meaning associated with the experience. Conceptual Framework of Human Action = Who,What,Why, How, Under what circumstance, With what outcome Types of Love = Hetairia (Champions a cause) - This type of love is rooted in mutual respect, shared goals, or fighting for a common cause, often found in a partnership where both people are working together toward something larger than themselves. Eros ( Pleasure ) - Eros is the passionate, romantic, or sensual love. It's often associated with desire and physical attraction, but can also refer to the intense, emotional connection that comes with romantic relationships. Storage (Family) - Often spelled as Storage, this type of love refers to the natural affection that family members have for each other. It's the unconditional love between parents and children, siblings, etc. Philia (friendship) - Philia represents deep friendship or brotherly love. It’s the love you have for friends, founded on mutual respect, shared experiences, and a sense of loyalty. Agape (God’s conditional love of neighbour) - Agape is selfless, unconditional love. In religious contexts, it’s often used to describe God's love for humanity. It's the love you extend to others without expecting anything in return, focused on compassion and care for others. Consistent Ethics of Life = this is when you are consistent in your moral opinions on issues. i.e., all life is sacred so no to abortion &; the euthanasia Social Determinism = Darwin’s Natural Selection where only the strongest can survive so a Power Politics on an individual and national level Prisoner Dilemma / the Hobbesian Dilemma = where the prisoners cooperate with the authority structure and then some begin to cheat in order to win Principle of Population, Thomas Malthus observed that an increase in a nations food production improved the well-being of the population, but the improvement would be temporary because it leads to population growth, which in turn restored the original per capita production levels. Malthusian trap = humans had a propensity to use abundance for population growth for maintaining a high standard of living, a view Religious Determinism = predetermination which appears to be ordained by God Covenant = a sacred agreement Narcissism = self love and adoration of one’s self Atheism = believes God does not exist Agnosticism = doubts the existence of God due to lack of evidence Predestination = divine guided future events Determinism = all events ultimately caused by an external will. Relativism = truth, and morality exist in relation to culture, society, or historical Context, they are not absolute. Secularism = the non-religious segment of society Theological Virtues = Charity, Joy, Patience, Diligence, Peace etc.. Media – Manufactured Consent = Five filters (Advertisers, Corporate owners) Flake - suppress critics, Enemy to rally against, viewers &; readers as a product to sell) Types of Justice = Restorative Justice (bring conditions back to the way it was) - This form of justice emphasizes repairing the harm done to relationships, individuals, or communities, rather than punishing the offender. It seeks to restore the balance and healing by addressing the needs of both the victim and the offender, often through dialogue and reconciliation. Distributive Justice (share services & resources equitably) - This type of justice focuses on the fair distribution of resources, wealth, and services in society. It’s concerned with ensuring that everyone, regardless of their background, has access to what they need to thrive. This could include everything from healthcare and education to economic opportunities. Retributive Justice (revenge) - Retributive justice is centered on punishment. It's about making the offender "pay" for their wrongdoing, often by inflicting a penalty that is proportionate to the offense. This is more about societal balance and deterrence rather than rehabilitation or restorative outcomes. Punitive Justice (punishment to teach the guilty) - While similar to retributive justice, punitive justice is more focused on using punishment as a means of deterring future crimes and teaching the offender a lesson. The goal is to impose a penalty that serves as a deterrent to others and provides societal correction, though it may not be as focused on proportionality as retributive justice. Catholic Encyclicals = Pope inspired Vatican generated document about social teaching. Theological perspective concerning contemporary matters of social Justice Laudato Si = (Praise be to you) Pope Francis asks us to care for the earth. it concerns Environmental degradation & Climate Change as well as the need to help the poor & vulnerable Lumen Fidei = (The Light of Faith) Too much order in the universe to dismiss divine presence We need to focus on faith. Nostra Aetate = (In Our Times) Truth can be found in all religions Pacem in Terris = (Peace on Earth) We are called to care for the earth as stewards of God’s creation, even when we visit other places we must care for the earth. Veritatis Splendor = (The Splendor of Truth) Pope John Paul II looks @ four essential truths: (1) We are called to know truth, (2) Christ is the true (3) True freedom is freedom for the good (4) One’s conscience judges an act Rerum Novarum = (Revolutionary change) this encyclical focuses on working conditions and technology with the need to maintain the human dignity of the worker Gaudium et Spec = (Church in the Modern World) The human conscience and the need to search for the truth and a joint enterprise with all humanity Casbi Cannubi = (Chaste wedlock) The need for marraise being intimate relations for the procreation of life, and a sacred union with one’s spouse Fides et Ratio = (faith & reason) Both Science and faith can support each other in explaining God’s creation Das Caritas Est = (Love of neighbour) We are called to help our neighbour with unconditional love as modeled by Jesus Humanae Vitae = (Human Life) All life is sacred from Womb to Tomb The unborn child so Pro-life and against Euthanatia and capital punishment Lumen Gent = ( The Light of Nations) treat people fairly and with equality Gal 3:28 “ no longer jew nor greek, slave or free..” Fratelli Tutti = (All brothers) importance of friendships and the need to fix unfair systems Golden Rule Dilexit Nos = (he Loves Us) Completes the trinity of Pope Francis Help the lost & lonely. People are too focused on Social Media & materialism Lumen Gentium = (The People of God) People acknowledge that Christ is the savour of all humanity and we need to embrace this in our actions towards each other Ecclesia Eucharistia = (The Church of the Eucharist) The need to the people to gather for the eucharist and to recognize the transfiguration of the bread & wine Types of Conscience: Legalistic Conscience - One’s actions are governed by the laws laid down in society which are supported by the legal system Lax Conscience - When one does not care about the decision one makes Informed Conscience - These are decisions that are based on a solid reflection of the facts and the moral standards of the day Misinformed Conscience - The information one uses to make decisions has been adjusted or altered and this has resulted in poor decision making. Wrongly Formed Conscience - The person bases his or her judgment on the wrong information Sub-conscience - Types of Guilt: Unwarranted Guilt = When a person does not have a reason to feel guilty Excessive Guilt = This is when one has placed too much guilt on themselves Warranted Guilt = There is a correct reason for one to feel a scene of guilt Minimal Guilt = This is where a person only feels a small portion of responsibility Legalistic Guilt = The guilt one feels is based on the legal consequences of one’s actions Style of questions: Four option multiple choice questions Match the statement with the Theological Thinking listed Identify the terms in the box based on the scenario statements listed Give a detailed and comprehensive response to any two Short answer option listed Choose one Long answer option Answer with an in-depth written response in essay form Support material: Touched by an Angel “ Jazz Club” Shawshank Redemption Mother Teresa The Matrix Barnie Miller – The Harris Incident Solitude, Can money buy happiness etc… – Consistent Ethics of Life