Religion Past Paper PDF

Religion AT THE CROSSROAD - Different people face their crossroads differently. There are those people who allo...

Religion AT THE CROSSROAD - Different people face their crossroads differently. There are those people who allow 3qt external events and circumstances to decide for them. - There are times when we let “fate” determine how we I. making moral should act in a particular decisions situation, we fail to recognize our inherent capacity to think How do we make good decisions? and choose freely. When do we say that we have made a good decision? Authentic Christian Decision-making is not merely following a series of DECISION-MAKING steps or principles. It is making - we are shaped by our choices moral decisions IN RELATION TO A - every moral choice we make PERSON-JESUS CHRIST (The reveals the kind of person we crossroad of Jesus) are/we will become Different Ways People make Moral “Why do we need to make moral Decisons: decisions more carefully?” 1) Toss Coin Decision some decisions need CAREFUL - allows external events ATTENTION because they involve; and circumstances to decide for them a) conflicting values - What is the b) uncertainty/doubt disadvantage of c) peer pressure applying this method? d) possible negative + fails to recognize consequences our inherent capacity to think + It is important for us to reflect and choose freely on past decisions we made by letting fate ti which shaped who we are at determine how the present. we should act Bible Cutting make good choices in - randomly opening the Bible to reation to others and TO a verse and interpreting its CHRIST message as God’s will - Jesus’ life and teachings - isolates the written text to its allow us to discern what intended purpose, historical is good for us as well as context, and overall Christian for others message IMPORTANT elements in making 2) Extreme Individualists moral decisions: - consider only their self-centered 1) INVESTIGATE the facts of the perspective without moral act listening to the wisdom - clears awareness and of norms, Church assessment of reality teachings, and others a) OBJECT or NATURE of the act Who are extreme individualists? (What does the act involve?) - they selectively focus on those + the object refers to what one elements of the moral has actually done or is situation that would support considering doing. their bias/prejudice + “the act itself” - “rationalizing away” even morally evil acts (excuses) ex. - The act of maligning the good 3) Passive Conformist reputation of a classmate by - decide merely based on spreading gossip is slander what people say (peer - A married person who has pressure), often intimate relatons with compromising their someone other that his/her good personal values spouse commits adultery. and beliefs - leaves decision-making to his/her barkada or b) INTENTION of the person other authority figures, (its interior, subjective aspect) disregarding the + “Why are you doing the prompting of their act?/did you commit the act?” conscience + motive/reason for doing the act 4) Holistic Decisions + “A good end does not justify - respects the truth morally evil means” about their being human, recognizing and affirming our individual capactiy to  c) CIrcumstances (surrounding 3) IMAGINE alternatives and the act) consequences (to choose + What are the important more responsibly) factors involved in the act? + relevant conditions that can - We have the capacity to affect the seriousness of the imagine both the act or increase.decrease a POSSIBILITIES and person’s responsibility CONSEQUENCES of our + it is necessary to understand actions the particulars of the moral (immediate/short-term act to make decisions consequences, long term grounded on facts rather than consequences) on whim or mere - sentimentality 4) INTROSPECT, listen to your emotions Do not determine the good or evil of an act, but they can increase a - emotions help us grasp the person’s CULPABILITY full reality of the actions (responsability) for the act intended committed. + helps us to become more objective and ex. responsible STEALING - politican and a jobless + form both our minds pickpocket and hearts LYING - a child and the president 5) IMPLORE God’s help in prayer 2) INQUIRE about the moral - “Prayer as an intimate norms affecting your act conversation with God, who we know loves us.” - as - We can grow in our life of persons-in-community, prayer by: we are in constant + reading and praying relation to others, and using the Bible this demands that we + Visiting the Blessed are responsible before Sacrament them for our free acts + Exercising the EXamen - source of truth and of Consciousness wisdom: + Journaling a) divine laws b) church laws GROWING IN VIRTUE, GROWING IN c) civil laws CHRIST (VIRTUES) What are virtues? 4) Temperance - any developed capacity of - moderation/self-master mind or will to accomplish y moral good, arises from habits - manages his/her or “learned disposition to act emotions, drives, in a particular way” (CFC 979) impluses latin word “CARDO” - hinge 3 THEOLOGICAL VIRTUES 1) Prudence 1) Faith - believing in God, - good moral seeking to know and do His judgement/wisdom will (CCC 1814) - able to discern what is truly good in every 2) Hope - desire and actively circumstances, choose await the promise of God’s the right means to Kingdom and own sharing in achieve it God’s eternal life - clearly distinguishes what is good and true 3) Love/Charity - MOTHER of all from what is evil and virtues false 2) Fortitude II. sin - moral strength/courage - capacity to resist temptation relation of sin to our: - pursue what is good 1) freedom despite the obstacle - sin is the greatest (makes sacrifices) obstacle to our true freedom 3) Justice - firm will to give persons 2) conscience their due - sin is a rejection of the - respects ALL persons, good to which our acts compassionately conscience us towards all those in need 3) law - firm sense of - sin is a transgression of responsibility God’s moral laws What is sin? - offense against reason, truth, and right conscience - failure in genuine love got God and neighbor  + caused bt a perverse b) desensitization attachment to certain - doing sinful acts goods repeatedly - wounds nautre of man, injures human solidarity sin = enslaves/weaken us morally by - personal sin attacking will and distorting our + offense against law of judgement, harms true personal Love (God is love and growth, set of thoughts that create a the great feeling of guilt commandment of Love) A healthy sense of guilt is GOOD. Briefly, sin is a morally evil act - acknowledging our true moral (immoral act = human act) guilt for having failed to love God and others as we should effects of sin: have is necessary part of our a) wounds human nature and mroal and spiritual growth human solidarity; b) spiritually cuts off our Overstressing Sin relationship with God (mortal sin); a) We fail to see humanity’s c) damages relationship with immense capacity for doing God (venial sin) good. b) When we look at our world, “sense of sin” evil, suffering, and crime are - accurate when a follower of considered newsworthy Christ c) Evil is constantly publicized - deeper inspiring experience of while good remains disclosed God’s unceasing living d) LOSING HOPE in God;s power presence to save us from sin - “the sin of the century is the loss of the sense of sin” “Sin exists in the world not becausse of love but because of our abuse of Downplaying the Existence and our freedom.” Gravity of Sin - those who do tend to Jesus Triumph Over Sin rationalize their actions and Genesis 3: Fall of Man deny their obligation to respect freedom of others Nature of our Human Sinfulness: (excusing) Original Sin a) rationalization Plan of God - reality of sin can be 1) created man and woman in dismissed by coming His image and likeness up with false 2) made them friends of himself reasons/excuses  3) intended them to live in Sin of the World friendship with Him on Earth, - affects all levels of human knowing and loving Him relationship 4) God would take them to - doing good is a struggle not Heaven only because of our inner weakness, but because of the ORIGINATING SIN VS ORIGINATED prevalence of injustice, SIN corruption, and evil in society Original Sin - sin commited by the first man Sacreament of Reconciliation and woman (Adam and Eve) - sacrament of healing whcib - effects of this sin to human we experience God’s nature (may be describes as forgiveness inherited sin) + for the sins we - causes concupiscence committed after - state of deprivation of original Baptism and for which holiness and justice/ birth, not we are truly repentant a personal act “No sin was beyond the Father’s love 1) Originating Sin and mercy.” - first sinful act of our first “The sacrament of penance is in parents, sin that started it all crisis” - Pope John Paul II - an example of personal sin - effect: + grow in virtue + our first parents lost the + deep joy original state of holiness + inner peace and grace (CCC 399) + healthy sense of sin + true freedom 2) Originated Sin + greater capacity to love - we inherit the effects of the first sin (condition of 1) contrition sinfulness that we experience) - heartfelt sorrow - reality of concupiscence, “sin - recognition of one’s of the world” sinful act REALITY OF CONCUPISCENCE 2) confession - disclosing our sins to a a) inner attraction to sin priest b) inclination toward evil c) inner drive because of our human nature  3) satisfaction + effects: Poor in social, spiritual, - to do penance and and emotional needs amend one’s life + the integral aspect of every - prayer, works of mercy, child’s proper development serviec, acts of suffers self-denial, sacrifices 3) The desire to pursure “good life” III. loving our christian - effects: neglect their role as family the moral and spiritual foundation of society What is family? - parents teach children to - center and heart of the tolerate and accept these civilization of love realities - foundation of a just and loving - rationalize their wrong world practices - primary provider of material and emotional support MODERN FAMILIES - Source of identity and values, cradle of all other values 1) Families with working mothers/stay at home fathers 1) MINDSET that reduces - most Filipino homes have relationship working mothers - with the high cost of living - “mere exchange of goods”, and changing lifestyles, the treating others as objects average income of the husband is often not enough a) Marriage of Convenience to support the family - relationship driven by inordinate desire for 2) A family may be a single pleasure parent or solo parent b) Domestic Abuse household c) Children as Sources of Income - traditionally occurs only when one of the parents died 2) Parents’ mindest that reduced - today, there ae increasing role as economic provider numbers of single parent households due to family - pressure to devote their disintegration leading to energies SOLELY to providing separation, abandonment, or for their damilies’ economic annulment and material needs - whena child is reared by an - OFW, single parents, “seasonal unmarried parent. an orphans” aunt/uncle, or even a grandparent  - numerous families have either specially after school spouse working abroad/ in hours distant towns/cities/provinces + away from family and Latchkey children may suffer from: home for long stretches of time 1) fear - remaining parent performs 2) boredom roles of absentee parent 3) loneliness + stay-at-home partner 4) recurring and intense fears assumes new roles and 5) vulnerability to academic responsibilities problems due to: 4) Blended/Reconstituted a) overseas employment families b) separation - refers to a new household which includes children of 3) Latchkey families both partners who have - where parents are unavailable remarries to take care and/or supervise - families face the challenge of children before or after school combining two households, and on school holidays harmonizing a network of - “latchkey” relationships and + children have their own adapting/coping with a new keys to allow them parent/sibling/family lifestyle access to the family home We need to rediscover the nature and role of our families in moral - an elder relative, living. Every family’s vocation is to brother/sister, or family friend become a “community of life and assumes this role love.” - leaving children on their own not only psychological “Every family is reminded to know dangers but also physical and live out its mission.” dangers - Familiaris Consortio 17, St. - Latchkey Syndrome John Paul II + most disadvantageous when children are Christian View of the Family allowed to wander freely after school The Christian Family as a: hours, getting home as late as their parents 1) Covenant Relationship + studies show that these 2) Domestic Church children are more likely 3) First and Vital Cell of Society to experiment with sex, drugs, and alcohol  of the faith with regard to 1) Covenant Relationship their children “Covenant” ecclesia domestic - Latin origin: con venire, - “Church in the home” meaning a coming together - Every Christian family is called to be the foundation of the - the very foundation of the Whole Church family is love + self sacrificing, Domestic Church: life-giving, and - Family is the child’s “first others-centered school of discipleship” - God’s covental love -> - Sacrament of Christ and living Families: community of life example of the very life and and love mission of the entire Christian - starts with Father and community Mother’s Sacrament of Matrimony 3) First and Vital Cell of Society - the family is the most 1) Abraham basic community upon 2) Moses which society builds 3) Jesu Christ itself - where persons are a) God and His people nurtured and trained to - pledge of everlasting become good and fidelity productive members of - fullness of life to His society people - Filipino values: a) kasipagan b) Husband and Wife b) katapatan - commitment to live in c) pakikisama total fidelity and d) pakikipagkapwa-tao unbreakable oneness - love of parents bring Every family is called to be “the salt forth life and allows us of the earth” and “light of the world” to be raised, nourishes, and loves as human DUTIES of the Christian Familt to persons Society MARRIAGE - Sacrament of Christ’s General: lofe for His Church - Church in the home reaching 2) Domestic Church out to other families - parents “by word and - to be living witnesses of Christ example” are the first heralds and the Church to everyone Negative Filipino Mentalities consumerism. immoral lifestyles 1) Angkan-Angkan mentality 2) “Palakasan System” Duty to Love our Brothers and Sisters 3) Padrino system + nepotism - the love we show in our + cronysim everyday experiences with our siblings affirms the Filipino Family Mentalities genuineness of our love for - resilitent as bamboo our parents - closely-knit - Jesus, our True Brother / God, our Father Obstacles to Healthy Family Universal and Timeless Values Relationships “Love of Neighbors” a) Abusive/Neglectful Duties - links love of God (1-3) b) Natural process of growing up commandments) and love of c) Generation gap neighbors (4-10 commandments) Fourth Commandment: - remidns us the inestimable “Honor your father and your mother” dignity of every human person CCC 2214 CFC 1023 1) We share in God’s Love - we express our love for God Honor = to show proper: through loving our parents (through whom God has show Gratitude, Affection, Respect, His life-giving love for us) Obedience, Care to Parents 2) It bears a promise Duties of Parents - God protected and upheld the - respect the rights and dignity value of family of their children as human - Israelites care for their persons (especially aging) parents - Support and care for them - God remidns us that true - Responsible for their Moral prosperoty is the only fruit Education and over-all only of a genuine respect and development love for our parents - Challenges: good luck reviewing