Readings Summaries PDF

reachings summaries Steven Pinker : Enlightenment Now summary : considerable progress has been made...

reachings summaries Steven Pinker : Enlightenment Now summary : considerable progress has been made across various of human life - aspects - dramatic reduction in poverty - incr in global wealth ; industrial globalization historical significance : pro globalization & Capitalism - Naomi Klein : This changes Everything summary : critique global economic system for prioritizing fossil fuels over climate change ; Navau's environmental devastation - - Marshall plan for Earth : a global mobilization is needed to tackle climate change historical significance : - call for current action Yukichi Fukuzawa : An Outline of a Theory of Civilization summary : - Civilization is relative ↳ civilized : Western countries ↳ semi-civilized : Asian countries & primative : Africa and Australia - spirit vs externals of Civilization : Japan must prioritize adopting West's spirit ↳ reforming ppl's minds must come before reforming laws & external forms - national polity is structure that unites ppl , but ppl should blindly adhere to it> focus on national soveriquity historical significance : -highlights Asia's efforts to be like the Wesl Cemil Aydin : A Global Anti-Western Moment summary : Japan's victory Russo-Japanese (1904-190s) inspired Muslim intellectuals to explore Japan as model for dominance - in War over West Ottoman government cautious about openly any pan-Islamic movement due to concern about European powers - endorsing becoming suspicious -transnational networks connects intellectuals across Asia & Middle East ↳ Students from Asian countries , including Ottoman Empire , travelled to Japan to learn abt pan-Asianist movement historical significance : - interactions & influence btwn Japan , Muslim World , and other parts of Asia in early 20th century Mark Storey : The First World War : A concise Global History summary : Challenges Eurocentric focus - on First World War - allied armies depended heavily on colonial manpower - German East Africa -> ecological disasters & suppression of rebellion - German South West Africa > - Hevero genocide  declaration e - Balfour creation of Jewish homeland in Palestine ; controversial -contradictions btwn Wilson's idealisms & Allied Actions ↳ their contributions in WW1 colonial denied political rights despite , subjects were historical significance : - WW1's exploitation of colonies led to eventual decolonization Ezra Manela : The Wilsonian Moment and Rise of Anticolonial Nationalism summary : Woodrow Wilson's rhetoric of nationalist self-determinism impacted Egyptian Nationalist movement from 1918-1920 - - Woodrow fail to upkeep promises- bitterness towards liberal internationalism -the Wafd : Egyptian delegation to pursue national independance - 1919 revolution : British arrest of zaghul & other Wald leaders e uprising ↳ Call use us support Britain historical significance : - Wilson's ideals sparked anti-colonial movements ; hypocritical Du Bois : The Crisis summary : Du Bois vision African unity & self-determination - has for -Criticizes colonial exploitation & believes Africans must claim their political futures historical significance : - Du Bois role in early pan-Africanist thoughte foundation for African independance movements Du Bois : Egupt & India summary : draws connections btwn struggles for self-determinism in Egypt & India - - Criticizes Britain for denying independance to nations that contributed to Allied War effort historical significance : connected struggles of colonized ppl - Marquis Shigenobu Okuma : Illusions of the White Race summary : - no differences in the human nature of races ↳ skin color be environmental factors criticizes extraterritoriality exempting white foreigners from the laws of the country they live - : Japan as model of non-white rising power - universal values of and justice believes in equality historical significance : - response to rejection of racial equality at versailles Anbara Salam Khalidi : Memoirs of an Early Nab Feminist summary : post WW1- Arab hoped for independance but faced imperulism through French & British mandates - - she was involved in various women's societies in Beirut and Damascus ↳ changing atitudes towards veiling > Slowly unveiled in Europe 4 Society for Women's Renaissance : promote local products + national identity King figure sumbolizing efforts undermined - Faisal : sensual Arab independance , by western powers - king Crane Commission : American commission sent to assess Situation , but proved ineffective John Stott : Behind the Urals summary : 1932 : Stoff arrives in Magnitogorsk - ↳ harsh conditions ↳ Construct world's largest steel mills - Soviet ideology us reality - Injuries + deaths be inadequate safety measures - typical day : ↳ grueling pace , hazardous work conditions ↳ had production targets to be met ↳ American engineers' expertise vs limited experiences of souret managers ) ↳ political purges disrupted industrial progress -> targeted administrators + specialists historical significance : - human cost of USSR's rapid industrialization Tara Zahara : Against the World summary : -interwar Austria provides compelling case study of deglobalization and antiglobalism - & perceived negative Collapse of Hasburg Empire powerful social and political movements that sought to insulate Austrian society from effects of global economy ↳ not just nationalism ; rejection of global interconnectedness impact of WW1 The Allied naval blockade of Austria Hungary & Widespread hunger - : ↳ realized Austria reliance on international trade -> desire for Autarhy -treaty of St. Germain : reduced Austria's territory and population settlement movement advocate rural settlement ; food - : growing own ↳ attempts at inner colonization failed be Austria resource-poor country - antiglobalism was not merely prelude to fascism ↳ while drive for self-sufficiency justified aspects of Nazi policy , also inspired initiatives to improve lives Daniel Hedinger : The Imperial Nexus : WW2 summary : rethinking the Axis powers (Germany Italy , and Japan) as imperial nexus - , - imperial nexus : intertwined imperial projects and shared ideological principles Connecting the Axis powers 4 Japan's invasion of Manchuria - Italy's Conquest of Ethiopia 3 strongly linked to start ww] - fear of Axis expansion , particularly imperial threat is important driver of Allied policies - 1936-1937 Anti-Comitern pact : formalized cooperation among Axis powers - 1938-1940 : Germanys rapid expansion in Europe Mao Zedong : An outline on the second Imperialist war summary : WW2 a stages - : 1) aggression from Germany , Italy , Japan against Weaker nations (1931-1939) 2) inovlement of Britain & France (1939-1945) Mao Criticizes Britain France Use waited of spoils Axis exhausted - , , to get lion's share after themselves ↳) contradicts their self-proclaimed role as defenders of democracy - supports wars of national emancipation : ↳ Abyssinia againstItaly ↳ Spanish Republic against Italy + Germany ↳ Germany against Japan