Rcp 120 study guide.docx

**[Unit One Study Guide]** 1. What does the Mantoux skin test look for? - Immune response 2. What steps can respiratory therapists take to avoid the introduction of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB)? - Early diagnosis, co...

**[Unit One Study Guide]** 1. What does the Mantoux skin test look for? - Immune response 2. What steps can respiratory therapists take to avoid the introduction of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB)? - Early diagnosis, complete full course of medication, patients monitored to your meds, are effective and to catch any resistance. 3. What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children younger than 1 year of age? - RSV 4. Which of the following is an opportunistic fungal respiratory pathogen? - Candida Albicans (Thrush) 5. Why is the incidence of otitis media higher in children? - Anatomical differences in eustachian tubes 6. What are the reasons why antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in hospitals? - Widespread use, overuse, resistant bacterial strains 7. Know what the common community-acquired lower respiratory pathogens are. - Streptococcus pneumonia, staphylococcus Aureus, Haemophilus influenzae 8. What are the characteristics of viruses? - Consistent of genetic material, unable to grow or reproduce outside of wholesales, highly contagious, require strict adherence to infection control measures 9. When pus is present, this is known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. - A sign that your body is fighting an infection 10. What are the medications used to treat tuberculosis? - Rifampin and Rifabutin 11. What are the medications used to treat RSV? - Ribavirin 12. What are the medications used to treat MRSA? - Vancomycin rifampin doxycycline delafloxacin, linezolid, 13. What are the common opportunistic pathogens that effect AIDS and weakened immune systems? - Pneumocystis carinii, candida albicans (thrush), 14. What medications are used to treat fungal infections such as thrush? - Diflucan zoles, nystatin 15. List medications that are classified as antibacterials (antibiotics)? - Penicillins cephalosporin carbapenems, monobactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, macrolides 16. Identify the criteria that must be met to obtain a useful sputum specimen. 17. Sterile container, immediate transport to the lab, screen for sputum, not saliva, 18. What antibiotics are often used to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa? - PencCiprofloxacin and levofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin, aztreonam 19. What are the symptoms of TB and how do we test for TB? - Symptoms-Night sweats, fever, weight loss, hemoptysis, Tests- Chest x-ray, tuberculin skin test, blood tests, microbiology culture 20. What aerosolized medications are used to treat Pneumocystis carinii (PCP)? - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoazole- Pentamidine 21. What are the common percussion sounds and what do they represent? - Resonant-note is loud, low pitch, and a of long duration, normal lung - Hypersonant- note is very loud lower pitch longer induration and commonly heard over emphysema lung - Tympanic -is loud and drum-like with high pitch, it may be heard over a gastric bubble. - Flat-is soft high-pitched and short duration - Dull-is a medium intensity pitch and duration. It is heard over the liver or a tumor. 22. What is a chest wall abnormality seen in emphysema patients that results in an increased A-P diameter? - Barrel chest 23. What term is used to describe a persistent [rate] of respirations greater than 20 breaths per minute? - Tachypnea 24. What are the common sterilization methods? - Steam, Ethylene Oxide, hydrogen peroxide, gas plasma, peracetic acid sterilization 25. What is autoclaving? - Steam under pressure. 26. What is aspiration (in equipment cleaning)? - Sterile saline is drawn through a lumen of equipment to be tested after after which the saline is cultured. 27. What is swabbing? - Irregular surfaces that are not easily rolled onto an agar plate may be rubbed with a sterile swab coated with a culture medium swab maybe then be used to inoculate a plate. 28. What is plating? - To culture exterior surfaces, to see if anything grows. 29. Which of the following techniques would you recommend as best able to evaluate the effectiveness the pasteurization process? - Autoclaving 30. What is the difference between airborne, contact, standard, droplet, universal? What PPE should be worn with each? - Airborne-TB smallpox measles, SARS and 95, Contact- MRSA, VRE, Cdiff, Scabies, Impetigo gown and gloves, Droplet-mumps, parvovirus, flu, pneumonic plague, Rubella, mengitis, mask gloves. Standard- as required gloves eye gown Universal-gloves 31. What is the difference between droplet and airborne? - Airborne needs N95 droplet regular mask 32. How often do we change ventilator circuits? - Every 7 days or visibly solid 33. Human sources of infection include? - Patient, healthcare personnel, family members and visitors 34. What are the common routes of disease transmission? - Direct contact, indirect contact, vector Borne(ticks) vehicle (food) 35. Know the terms for breath sounds (auscultation sounds) and what they mean? Ill - Rhonchi-horse, low pitched may clear with cough spasm of airway or presence of tumor, COPD cyctic fibrosis - Wheeze-whistling high-pitched asthma, heart failure, foreign body aspiration - Crackles-fine crackling, high-pitched congestive heart failure, fluid accumulation pneumonia - Rub-Scratchy high-pitched continuous grading sounds like two pieces of leather rubbing together, tumors infectious processes WELL - Bronchial-coarse loud normal - Vesicular-high pitched breezy normal - Brochovesicular-combination bronchial and vesicular normal in some areas 36. What is symptom? - A mental or physical feature, which is regarded as indicating a condition of disease 37. What is diagnosis? - The process of identifying disease, injury, or condition based on a patient signs and symptoms 38. What is chief complaint? - A concise statement in English or other natural language of the symptoms that caused a patient to seek medical care 39. What is History of Present Illness? - Is the chronologic narrative account of the patient's health problem. 40. What is platypnea? - Is a rare condition that causes shortness of breath when sitting or standing, and is relieved when lying down 41. Know the curvature of the spine terms and descriptions. - Kyphosis-causes forward curvature of the spine - Scoliosis-lateral curvature of the spine - Lordosis-backward curvature of the spine 42. What is subcutaneous emphysema? - Subcutaneous emphysema is the medical term for air being trapped in the tissues underneath the skin What is diaphragmatic excursion? - The movement of the diaphragm during breathing, and is a measure of how far the diaphragm moves during inhalation and exhalation 43. Know the heart sounds and what is anatomically happening. - S1-mitral and tricuspid valves closing - S2-closing of the aortic and pulmonary valves - S3-a low pitch sound that indicates a transition from rapid to slow ventricular filling - S4-an abnormal diastolic sound that's caused by atrial contraction 44. Know how to determine pack year history. - How many years you've smoked times the packs per day 30 years times 2 packs a day=60 packs a year 45. Normal heart rate for adult? - 60-100 46. Normal respiratory rate for adult? - 12-20 47. Normal blood pressure for adult? - 120/80 48. Identify the common respiratory assessment techniques. - Inspection, palpitation, percussion, auscultation. 49. Respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) is used to indirectly measure what? - Is a non-invasive technique that measures the movement of the chest and abdomen to evaluate pulmonary ventilation- measures volumes of breath 50. What does the color change in the colorimetric CO2 sensor mean? - Because if elevated carbon levels. 51. What are common sites for transcutaneous blood gas electrode placement? - Chest, stomach, back. 52. Capnograph waveform: know the points and what they represent. - Phase 1 53. What is orthopnea? - Shortness of breath when lying down flat 54. Digital clubbing is indicative of what? - Long-lasting low oxygen levels prolonged cyanosis 55. What is the level of SpO~2~ typically associated with weaning of O~2~ therapy? - Greater than 92% 56. What is the Sp02 normal range? What is the normal range used to monitor COPD patients on 02? - 95 percent - 60-65 What does PETCO2 mean? - Stands for partial pressure of the end-tidal carbon dioxide. It's a measurement of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the air exhaled through breathing and is used to monitor cardiorespiratory function. 57. The chest wall overlying the heart is known as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. - Pericardium