ESTBO1 2024 Environmental Agency Past Paper PDF

Rational Environmental Behavior in the Outer Operating Environment ESTBO1 2024 – ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY JIMacLellan -- ESTB01H3F (Copyright 2015, 2016, 2017) 79 RATIONALITYi: MODEL PURPOSE Models, by their nature, balance costs such as complexity, predictio...

Rational Environmental Behavior in the Outer Operating Environment ESTBO1 2024 – ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY JIMacLellan -- ESTB01H3F (Copyright 2015, 2016, 2017) 79 RATIONALITYi: MODEL PURPOSE Models, by their nature, balance costs such as complexity, prediction error, domain specificity, with various benefits such as simplicity, prediction Schoemaker, P. J. power, generality, etc. Ultimately though, a model’s (1982). The expected utility value can only be assessed by its’ stated objectives: model: Its variants, purposes, evidence Descriptive: theory matters and limitations. Journal of Economic Predictive: higher predictive accuracy Literature, 529– 563. Posdictive: all human behavior is optimal Prescriptive: … i Rationality in terms of Expected Utility models. 10/15/18 MacLellan 2018 (C) 80 RATIONALITY: MODEL PURPOSE William James reminds us that the physical world, will ‘quite Prescriptive: cheerfully' encompass our own, or any other, animal's destruction (James 1879). The This perspective holds that rational behavior cosmos does not ‘care' whether is normative. Decision analysts and we exist or Schoemaker, P. J. die,Thewhether the (1982). management scientists (implicitly) assumeforests weexpected rely upon utility are model: Its variants, destroyedpurposes, or replaced evidence with that human behavior is generally plastic trees (Krieger 1973), or and limitations. suboptimal. whether we Journal of expand into the Economic galaxy (Leslie 1996) Literature, 529–... The goal is to improve decisions. Thus the 563. Justification can only be found theory serves to advise which alternative(s) within the contemplation of to select in complex decision situations on our own existence. the basis of the decision maker's basic tastes (M 2006) and preferences. 10/15/18 MacLellan 2018 (C) 81  William James reminds us that the physical world, will ‘quite If we did care about the future, cheerfully' encompass our own, how would we rationally behave? or any other, animal's destruction (James 1879). The cosmos does not ‘care' whether Would we just sit on the couch in we exist or die, whether the our inner operating environment? forests we rely upon are … watching TikTok or YouTube? destroyed or replaced with plastic trees (Krieger 1973), or whether we expand into the galaxy (Leslie 1996)... Justification can only be found within the contemplation of our own existence. (M 2006) 10/15/18 MacLellan 2018 (C) 82  MacLellan and Mitchell 2016 If we did care about the future, how would we rationally behave? Would we just sit on the couch in our inner operating environment? … watching TikTok or YouTube? Maybe we would hang out with our friends, in our micro outer environment, or go to class. JIMacLellan -- ESTB01H3F (Copyright 2015, 2016, 2017) 83  MacLellan and Mitchell 2016 If we did care about the future, how would we rationally behave? Would we just sit on the couch in our inner operating environment? … watching TikTok or YouTube? Maybe we would hang out with our friends, in our micro outer environment, or go to class. JIMacLellan -- ESTB01H3F (Copyright 2015, 2016, 2017) 84  MacLellan and Mitchell 2016 If we did care about the future, how would we rationally behave? Would we just sit on the couch in our inner operating environment? … watching TikTok or YouTube? Maybe we would hang out with our friends, in our micro outer environment, or go to class and implicitly … wait for things to happen. JIMacLellan -- ESTB01H3F (Copyright 2015, 2016, 2017) 85  MacLellan and Mitchell 2016 Minimally our concern for the future requires that we consider the impact of our actions upon the outer operating environment, not accepting risks as beyond our control; not just a science of curiosity (Lyell); not a science By definition we have of opportunity (Bacon); but a no control over the outer operating science of risk (Beck). environment. We gain control through knowledge (i.e. knowledge is power) which equates to agency. JIMacLellan -- ESTB01H3F (Copyright 2015, 2016, 2017) 86  MacLellan and Mitchell 2016 Minimally our concern for the future requires that we consider the impact of our actions upon the outer operating environment, not accepting risks as beyond our control; not just a science of curiosity (Lyell); not a science By definition we have of opportunity (Bacon); but a no control over the outer operating science of risk (Beck). environment. We gain control through knowledge (i.e. knowledge is power) which equates to agency. JIMacLellan -- ESTB01H3F (Copyright 2015, 2016, 2017) 87  The idea is to use ‘knowledge’ to anticipate and manage risk. And not just better models, but better integrated models of the environment and human agency. JIMacLellan -- ESTB01H3F (Copyright 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018) 88