Radiology Base 2021 PDF

Examination for dentists: 1. Which structure do we call radioopaque a. every structure that appears dark on a radiograph b. for example a bone, calcification c. every structure that appears dark on a sonograph 2. Choose an incorrect statement about the inverted ‘Y’-shaped configurat...

Examination for dentists: 1. Which structure do we call radioopaque a. every structure that appears dark on a radiograph b. for example a bone, calcification c. every structure that appears dark on a sonograph 2. Choose an incorrect statement about the inverted ‘Y’-shaped configuration a. The inverted ‘Y’-shaped configuration is formed by the merging of the anterior border of maxillary sinus and the lateral wall of the nasal fossa. This configuration is seen in the canine or the premolar region b. The inverted ‘Y’-shaped configuration is an anatomical landmark c. The inverted ‘Y’-shaped configuration is a pathological image 3. Osteomyelitis usually appears as a. a radiolucency with ill defined borders b. a radioopacity with ill defined borders c. a radioopacity with definite borders 4. Which out of these structures appear white on a radiograph a. sialolith, exostosis, enostosis b. radiolucency of any sort c. odontogenic keratocyst prezentacia specialized methods 5. Choose a correct statement about sialography. a. The patient with acute parotitis can undergo this procedure. b. In case of stones within the duct, there will be filling defect distal to the site of obstruction. There can also be dilatation of the duct proximal to the obstruction. c. Autoimmune diseases like Sjogen´s syndrome cannot be detected on a sialograph. 6. Which patient would you allow to undergo CT examination with contrast agent a. pregnant b. patient with hyperthyroidism c. patient with acute head injury and suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage 7. Choose a correct statement about the dental cone beam imaging a. an x-ray beam with a cone-shaped is moved around the patient to produce a large amount of images. b. dental cone beam is a rarely used in orthodontics. c. dental cone beam cannot be used to visualize the disorders of the temporomandibular joint. 8. Choose the correct statement about MRI a. dental implant is a contraindication for MRI b. heart pacemaker is a contraindication for MRI c. MRI is rarely useful in discriminating malignant tissue from normal tissue 9. Choose a correct statement about MRI a. On a T1- weighted image of the brain gray matter appears darker than white matter b. On a T2- weighted image of the brain gray matter appears darker than white matter c. Iodine contrasts are administered to enhance the image. 10. Choose an incorrect statement about arthrography a. In arthrography, contrast agents are introduced into the joint spaces and then radiographed. b. Arthrography is indicated in the presence of infections in or near a joint. c. Arthrography may reveal soft tissue changes not visualized in conventional radiographs such as fibrosis, alteration in the structure of the disk, scarring and fibrosis of the capsule following trauma, and as part of evaluation after TMJ surgery. Panoramic, intraoral and extraoral 11. Panoramic radiography a. the advantage of this method lies in ability to be used in patients who cannot open the mouth or when the opening is restricted b. images in a panoramic film are sharper than the images on an intraoral film c. the disadvantages of this method is a long time required for making the image and in a little coverage of facial bone and teeth 12 intraoral radiography is a. an imaging technique to visualize oral structures taken by placing film in oral cavity while an Xray source is outside oral cavity b. a method usually using Waters and Stevens projections c. is taken when patients are unable to open their mouths 13 Intraoral radiography- paralleling technique a. is an imaging technique to visualize oral structures taken by placing the film and an X ray source outside of the oral cavity. b. is an imaging technique, which uses the central x-ray beam directed perpendicular to an imaginary bisector that bisects the angle formed by the long axis of the tooth and the film c. can be used to create only periapical projection, not the bitewing projection 14. Intraoral radiography- bisecting angle technique a. This technique requires more exposure b. This technique is usually regarded as the technique of choice instead of paralleling technique. c.. This technique is performed by keeping the film as close to the teeth as possible. 15. 3 basic views used in intraoral radiography are pbo a. periapical view, paralleling view, bisecting angle view b. periapical view, bitewing view, occlusal view c. periapical view, bitewing view, mandibullary view  16. Bitewing view radiograph a. is an image that depicts the maxillary and mandibular crowns of the teeth, providing a clear image of the interproximal surfaces of the teeth and allowing for detection of interproximal caries. b. is taken to evaluate the periapical area of the tooth and surrounding bone c. is taken separately for the maxilla and the mandible. 17. Choose a correct statement a. Occlusal projection is used for extraoral radiography, usually created by peripapical imaging technique. b. The indication for using occlusal projection is the diagnosis of interproximal caries c. The indication for using occlusal projection is to study maxillary and mandibular arches. Diseases detected by 18. Dental caries appears as a. radiolucent b. radioopaque c. white 19. Choose a correct statement about dental caries a. cervical burnout might radiographically resemble dental caries b. radiotherapy involvinng head and neck region does not cause dental caries c. The interproximal caries has never a triangular configuration. This kind of configuration is present only in occlusal caries. 20. Periodontal diseases a. horizontal bone loss and osseous defects are associated with early periodontitis b. an important factor helping in the diagnosis of periodontal disease is the radiographic relationship of cementoenamel junction (CEJ) with the crest of the alveolus. c. When diagnosing periodontitis, clinical examination should be used only as a supplementary diagnostic aid. The importance of radiographs should never be surpassed by it. 21. Choose an incorrect statement about trauma a. radiographic findings proving the luxation of the tooth are: widened periapical ligament space best seen on occlusal projection b. The radiographic features of fracture of the teeth are: radiolucent line between tooth segments, displacement of tooth fragments, disruption of the continuity of the tooth surface c. The radiographic features of fracture of the jaws is a fracture line which radiographically appears as a radioopaque line. 22. Choose a correct statement about cysts a. Radiographically the dentigerous cyst appears as a well defined radioopacity with a sclerotic or hyperostotic border in association with the crown of an unerupted tooth. b. Radiographically the nasopalatine cysts appears as a radioopacity superimposed with the apical portion of the maxillary central incisors. c. Radiographically cysts appear as radiolucent. 23 Choose an incorrect statement about tumors a. Intraosseus carcinoma- Radiographically, the lesion appears as an area of diffuse radioopacity. b. Ameloblastoma of the mandible- The classical radiographic appearance is multilocular cystlike lesion of the jaw. The multilocular appearance may be either of the honeycomb type or soap-bubble type. c. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor:Radiographically it appears as a unilocular lesion in association with an unerupted tooth. Areas of multiple radiopacities may be noted. Displacement of adjacent roots is a common finding 24. Choose a correct disease of the TMJ for this description: narrowing of the joint space, irregular joint space, subchondral sclerosis, cyst-like areas, osteophytes, facet formation on the condylar head a. degenerative joint disease b. hyperparathyroidism c. TMJ osteoma contrasts: 25 Choose an incorrect statement about Barium sulfate suspension a. Specifically it is used to improve visualization of the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, intestines) on plain X-ray b. It is a contrast media usually taken by mouth or used rectally c. It is a contrast media usually administered intravenously.  1 1. Codman’s triangle is associated with: A) Spleen infarction B) Destructive bone cancer C) Localization of the primary tbc bearing 2. Claudication pains are: A) Chest pain B) Upper limb pain after exertion C) Lower limb pain after exertion, and later also at rest 3. During contrast MR examination: A) Mainly iodine contrast agents are used B) Contrast media are not used because of their high toxicity C) Organo-specific and non-specific gadolinium contrast agents 4. Rays x (X-rays) discovered: A) Wilhelm Conrad X-ray B) Madame curie C) Henri Becquerel 5. A contraindication to CT angiography is: A) Positive allergic history for iodine preparations B) Inability to puncture a vein C) Fear of examination 6. We are the first to indicate a USG investigation on suspicion of: A) A stomach ulcer B) Cholecystolithiasis C) Brain tumor 7. To examine the abdominal organs we use: A) Convex probe B) Linear probe C) Endocavital probe 8. The lowest density at CT examination has: A) Air B) Bone C) Soft tissue 9. Diagnosis of brain tumors: A) Brain imaging using native CT scan is best B) Brain imaging by contrast CT scan is best C) It is best to view the brain by MR examination 10. Tumors growing into GIT lumens by contrast examination produce: A) Plus refill B) Cannot be diagnosed C) Minus content 11. The most effective remedy against chronic radiation sickness disease with ionizing radiation is: A) Do not carry out ionizing radiation examination B) Permanent dosimetric health check of workers C) Do not enter the room where patients are exposed 12. Liver biopsy can be navigated using: A) MR, densitometry, fluoroscopy and mammography B) CT and sonograph - USG C) CT, ultrasound - USG, MR and densitometry 1  2 13. The essence of the USG examination is: A) The ability of USG waves to penetrate and reflect tissue structures B) The ability of tissues to reflect USG waves C) The ability of x-rays to penetrate tissues 14. Liver biopsy under USG or CT: A) Is carried out as a method of choice because it is highly safe B) Is performed after an unsuccessful laparoscopic biopsy C) Is performed under general anesthesia 15. Depending on the nature, we classify musculoskeletal diseases into: A) degenerative , inflammatory, traumatic, neoplasms DITN B) Inflammatory, accident C) degenerative , inflammatory 16. Pulmonary embolism is: A) Enlargement of the pulmonary veins B) Disappearance of lung drawing C) Presence of a blood clot (thromboembol) in the lung arteries 17. Liver biopsy under USG or CT: A) Is performed as a method of choice because it is highly safe, under general anesthesia B) Is performed using a biopsy cannon under local anesthesia C) Is performed after an unsuccessful laparoscopic biopsy 18. Types of fractures: DF (PS A) Dislocated, fragmentary, compressive, pathological, stress fracture B) Fragmentary, compressive, pathological C) Dislocated, pathological Malignant tumors of the stomach cause barium contrast in X-ray examination agent: - Plus in the cartridge - No changes - Defects in the filling of various shapes Krukenbergs tumor is: - Ovarian tumor metastasizing to the colon, stomach and pancreas - Stomach tumor metastasizing to the ovaries - Ovarian tumor metastasizing to the stomach X-ray enteroclysis is: e- Si - Special examination of small intestine - Examination for kidney disease - Esophagus examination 2  3 Colitis ulcerosa is: - Chronic inflammation of the colon - Necrotizing inflammation of the large intestine mucosa with maximum changes in rectosigm where starts with - Acute inflammation of the small intestine Coxarthrosis is: - Degenerative knee disease - Degenerative disease of the hip - Degenerative disease of intervertebral joints The manifestation of what disease are osteophytes and sclerotisation of vertebrates: - Tumor - Degenerative - Traumatic The most sensitive method of diagnosing pancreatic tumor is: - Lymphography - Angiography - CT examination CEUS is: - Acronym for contrast fluoroscopy - Acronym for contrast skiagraphy - Abbreviation for contrast sonography WHICH METHOD IS USED TO VISUALIZE THE DUCTUS OF THE PANCREAS? - ERCP - PTC - HSG IN HOUNSFIELD UNITS/H.j./ EXPRESSES - Density at CT examination 3  4 - Signal intensity in MR examination - Echogenicity in USG examinatosis 1. Selective angiography a. Mesenterialis is done by catheter… a. v. femoral b. V. subclavian c. A. femoralis 2. For the unambiguous diagnosis of urolithiasis: a. native CT examination without contrast agent b. contrast CT scan with iodine contrast agent / c. contrast MR examination with iodine contrast agent 3. PRT - periradicular therapy: # a. is performed under USG control only in the LS … b. is performed under CT control of only Sl areas… c. is carried out mainly in areas C and LS of the spine 4. Radionuclides enter the organism: a. only through the skin and mucous membranes b. do not enter the body c. skin, mucous membranes, nose and mouth, food and liquids, opened by wound 5. The most common solid malignant liver tumor in genera s. a. liver metastasis b. HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) c. CHCC (cholangiocellular carcinoma) 6. For MR diagnostics of liver bearings the following are used: a. iodine oral contrast agents b. intravenous iodine contrast agents c. organo-specific gadolinium contrast agents 7. If a tracheoesophageal fistula is suspected, only the following may be used in contrast examination: a. we cannot use any k.I. b. oral c.l. c. iv. iodine k.l. 8. In the US examination of a pelvis with an endocavity probe, the following should be: a. Bladder filled b. Bladder emptied c. Fasted patient 9. X-ray irrigation is contraindicated: a. in the case of perforated conditions of the colon b. in cancer of the small intestine c. In colorectal cancer 4  5 10. Acute pancreatitis a. is only indicated for US examination b. it is not an indication for CT scan c. is edematosis and necrotic 11. Dislocation of an ad latus fracture Is described. a. by shifting the peripheral fragment b. by degree of compression c. according to the size of the displacement angle 12. Medical exposure may indicate: a. the patient alone b. doctor and other healthcare professional authorized to recommend a person to medical exposure to a specialist who performs medical exposure c. nurse 13. The cyst is in the USG image: a. hyperechogenic to the environment b. isoechogenic with the surroundings c. anechogenic 14. Chronic radiation sickness results from: a. after a single short-term irradiation of the whole body b. exposure to small doses of radiation for a longer time c. ionizing radiation has no effects on the body 15. CEUS is: a. Impossible to use in the diagnosis of endometriosis b. can be used in the diagnosis of urinary stones c. can be used in the diagnosis of liver, Kidney, and small pelvic tumors 16. Liver cysts are a. single, multiple, echinococcal b. multiple c. easy During contrast CT examinations the following are used A. Arterial phase, venous and delayed AVD B. Gas contrast agents C. Gadolinium contrast agents X-ray radiography is A. Dynamic examination B. Static examination with the necessity of special preparation C. Static examination does not require any preparation The basic imaging method for breast cancer is A. Ductography B. Native mammography C. USG The frontal plane is the plane that divides the human body into A. Right and left halves B. Top and bottom 5  6 C. Front and back of Rays x (X-rays) discovered A. Madame curie B. Henri becquerel C. Wilhelm conrad X-ray MR Is the method of choice for A. Examination of ovarian brain liver and prostate tumours B. Examination of the prostate cervix ovaries brain C. Examination of tumours of the ovary stomach liver and prostate cervix Prenatal diagnosis uses A. USG and MR examination B. USG and CT examination C. USG CT and MR examination Pulmonary CT angiography is indicated for A. Suspected myocardial infraction (heart) B. Suspected acute pulmonary embolism C. Suspected lung tumours The patient is not exposed to x-rays at A. DSA B. MR Examination C. Sialography Malignant liver tumours are A. Unilocular, multilocular and diffuse B. Unilocular bearings C. Multilocular bearings In the ultrasonic image A. The higher the frequency of ultrasonic waves the shorter their penetration into the tissues B. The lower the frequency of ultrasonic waves the shallower their penetration into the tissues C. The higher the frequency of ultrasonic waves the deeper their penetration into the tissues Struma nodosa (thyroid) does not cause A. Pressure on the lungs B. Dislocation and compression of the trachea and esophagus C. Uneven gland enlargement MR brain angiography: & A. Contrast T1 weighings are used to prove cerebral aneurysms B. DWI weighings is used to detect cerebral aneurysms C. Native T1 and T2 weighings are used to detect cerebral aneurysms 6  7 The most common solid benign liver tumor is: A. FNH (focal nodular hyperplasia) of the liver B. Liver hemangioma C. Liver cyst CT ureterography is: A. Gallbladder examination B. Examination of kidneys and ureters C. Liver examination The basic imaging method for breast cancer is: A. Native mammography B. USG C. Ductography HRCT is used in: Distinction of interstitial lung changes Pneumothorax / (PNO / we know by: A. Absence of vascular drawing B. High diaphgram condition C. Shading of cardiophrenic and costophrenic angles Chest injuries result from A. Penetrating injury B. Dull and penetrating wound C. Blunt injury Hounsfield units: 1. Define the gray range in MDCT examination 2. Define the gray range in MR examination 3. Define the gray range in MDCT and MR examinations The USG examination is: 1. Invasive 2. Static 3. Non-invasive The highest density in CT examination is: 1. Bone 2. Air 3. Soft tissue Contrast media should not be administered: 1. Into the vessels 2. Into natural holes - mouth, rectum 3. Subcutaneous 7  8 Pregnancy is during CT examination 1. Absolute contraindication 2. Is not a contraindication, maternal health is always paramount 3. Relative contraindiaction to X-ray examination of the esophagus, stomach requires: 1. Does not require preparation 2. Patient drinks water 3. Fasting patient The method of choice in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is: 1. USG 2. CT 3. MR In the USG examination of abdomen and small pelvis with 1. Bladder filled with 2. Bladder emptied 3. Bladder is not evaluated because it is poorly dis… During contrast MR examinations, the following are used: 1. Gas contrast agents (SonoVue) 2. Iodine contrast agents 3. Arterial phase, venous (porto-venous) and delay… Chest injuries result from: 1. Dull and penetrating wound 2. Penetrating injury 3. Blunt injury CT enterography: 1. Examination is focused on the liver 2. It does not require any preparation 3. The patient must be prepared on a diet and the intestine is emptied, antiallergic necessary preparation Radiation is generated by 1. Impact of electrons in matter with a high atomic number 2. By rapidly braking very fast flying electrons in a low atomic mass number 3. By suddenly braking very fast flying electrons in a high mass atomic number If there are fluid levels in the native abdomen, we must think of: 1. Appendicitis 2. Ileal condition 3. M. Crohn 8  9 In the small intestine wall he often metastasizes: 1. Colon carcinoma 2. Malignant melanoma of the skin 3. Ovarian cancer Malignant lung tumors include: 1. Non-small cell and neuroendocrine and ring cell carcinomas 2. Neuroendocrine, non-small cell and small cell tumors 3. Small cell and neuroendocrine and ring cell carcinomas Biopsy and drainage under CT navigation are performed using: 1. Only by CT fluoroscopy 2. Step-by-step blind or by CT fluoroscopy 3. Just a step-by-step blind method Arteriosclerosis means : -Accumulation of fat cholesterol sheets on arterial walls -Acute arterial occlusion -Arterial enlargement The main indications for MR examination do not include: -Bone fracture -Multiple sclerosis -Intervertebral disc herniation Coiling aneurysms is: -Treatment of aneurysm with micro-spirals -Not used anymore -Treating an aneurysm with clip The first X-ray machine in Slovakia used: -Dr. Vojtech Alexander -Professor Rudolf Jedlička -Tesla For the planned USG examination of the abdomen the patient must be: -No preparation is required -It is necessary to drink water before examination -Fasting 9  10 The absolute contraindication for MR examination is: -Classical pacemaker -Age over 70 years -A significant history of allergy Pathological bending of the spine is called: -Lordosis -Scoliosis -Kyphosis Crohns disease is: - Chronic non specific gastritis - Acute non specific gastrointestinal inflammation, most commonly of terminal ileum - Chronic non specific gastrointestinal inflammation affecting any compartment gastrointestinal tract, most commonly terminal ileum DOPPLER DYEING - Is only used in urology and gynecology - Used to display vascularization of tumors - Is no longer used because of its harmfulness AVULSION FRACTURES MEAN - Inverting the bone fragment come to the level of the adjecent bone - The bone fragment is separated from the injured bone by the tendon or ligament - Fracture of vertebral bodies and heel bone is characteristic A CT SCAN OF THE ABDOMEN AND PELVIS REQUIRES - The patient must be fasted - The patient must be fasted with oral and antiallergic preparation - The patient may not be specially prepared DIAGNOSIS OF HAEMORRHAGIC STROKE OF THE BRAIN - Brain imaging by contrast CT scan is best - It is best to view the brain by MR examination - Brain imaging using native CT scan is most appropriate FLUIDOPNEUMOTHORAX IS KNOWN BY - Combination of clarification and shading in the pleural cavity - Clarification of the whole lung wing with the movement of the mediastinum - Obscuring the costophrenic and cardiophrenic angles 10  11 Drainage and pseudo-cyst drainage under USG: - is performed onlv by direct one-step method - is carried out by the Seldinger method or the one-step method - is performed only by the Seldinger method For the examination and staging of vaginal and vulva tumors, it is best to - CT scan of the small pelvis - US examination of vagina and vulva - MR examination of small pelvis When is visible (dense) a.cerebri media at native CT: - in subarachnoid haemorrhage - at a-v malformation - in the early stages of Ischemia Diverticulitis is : - non-inflammatory small bowel disease - the most common inflammatory complication of diverticulosis - non-inflammatory bowel disease Nephritis is: - developmental kidney anomaly - inflammatory kidney disease - renal cancer In CT irrigation, the intestine is filled with - water - we do not fill the gut - Barium contrast medium (NOT 100% SURE) 17. Contrast media : do not cause any hypersensitivity reactions they do not affect the patient's X - ray examination improve the differentiation of individual tissues 21. On chest X-ray we evaluate : lung drawing, diaphragm, skeleton, heart lungs, forces, pulmonary drawing, diaphragm and diaphragm angles, heart, mediastinum, skeleton, soft tissues lungs 22. DSA (digital subtraction angiography) is: invasive method of examination of the lymphatic system invasive method of vessel examination non - invasive vascular examination method 11  12 23. The spleen is affected by lymphoma : both primary and secondary primary secondary 24. Special CT examinations of abdomen and pelvis include Small pelvic CT in women, CT irigography, CT colonography, CT of the stomach CT of the stomach, CT of the small pelvis in men, CT enterography, CT colonography CT of stomach, CT irigography, CT enterography, CT colonography Acute radiation sickness results from After a single short-term irradiation of the whole body Ionizing radiation has no effects on the body In the long-term effect of radiation of the human body (Chronic is multiple for a longer period of time) Depending how to area appears compared to the perceived brightness of the surroundings, we are talking about several degrees of echogenicity Hypoechogenic, isoechogenic, hyperechogenic Anechogenic, hypoechogenic, hyperechogenic Anechogenic, hypoechogenic, isoechogenic, hyperechogenic For adrenal bearing diagnostics CT examination and MR examination, if appropriate, are the most appropriate Is most suitable for USG and MR examinations Is the most appropriate MR examination What examination does not show the hollow kidney system Voiding cystography I.v. urography Ascendent urography CEUS Uses ultrasound contrast agents containing air bubbles Uses contrast media for CT, ultrasonography containing iodine and gadolinium Is not used in clinical practice PRT- periradicular therapy Is performed under general anesthesia Is performed under local anesthesia or without anesthesia Is performed under USG control under local anesthesia CT virtual colonoscopy is Special colon examination without preparation Special examination of the small intestine Special colon examination with necessary bowel cleansing 12  13 What we need to think about when the diaphragm is high Subphrenic abscess A tumor in the abdominal cavity M. Crohn In CT virtual colonoscopy We instil water into the colon Do not give water or air to the colon Instil air into the colon Shading in the native chest image shows Atelectasis Cyst Pneumothorax If pulmonary embolism is suspected, we indicate: CT pulmoangiography Selective aortography CT bronchography Spondylolisthesis mean Interruption of the vertebral arch Vertebral body compression Moving bone fragments into the spinal cord BRAIN MR DWI weighing is used to detect haemorrhagic stroke DWI weighing is used to detect ischemic stroke DWI and PWI weighing are used to detect haemorrhagic stroke A BENIGN OVARIAN TUMOR IS: Maturated teratoma, cystadenoma, cyst Teratoma, brenner tumor, germinative yolk sac tumor, Krukenberg tumor, cyst Dermoid, brenner tumor, germinative yolk sac tumor, Krukenberg tumor 13. Avulsion fractures mean: Inverting the bone fragment come to the level of the adjacent bone The bone fragment is separated from the injured bone by the tendon or ligament Fracture of vertebral bodies and heel bone is characteristics 14. Echinococcal cyst is: A simple cyst with a smooth wall Multiple cysts with smooth wall 13  14 Cyst with possible calcites in the wall 16. If a pulmonary embolism is suspected, we indicate: CT pulmonary angiography CT bronchography Selective aortography 17. The pathological bending of the spine is called: Lordosis Kyphosis Scoliosis 18. Pancoast tumor is: Tumors of the stomach and small intestine Renal tumor Tumor of lung and chest wall 23. If there are fluid levels in the native abdomen, we must think of: Appendicitis m. Crohn ileal control 24. What is Lerish syndrome: (Leriche) Complete aortic occlusion Thrombosis v. hepatica associated with icterus Obstruction of lymphatic vessels 25. MR is method of choice for: Examination of tumors of the oral cavity, stomach, liver and prostate, cervix Examination of the prostate, cervix, ovaries, brain Examination of ovarian, brain, liver and prostate 3. To examine abdominal organs we use: 14  15 Linear probe Endocavital probe Convex probe [ 4. The drainage of abscesses and pseudo-cysts can be performed under: Skiagraphic, fluoroscopic and CT navigation Skiagraphic and CT navigation USG and CT navigation 5. For a native abdominal image: The ileus of the small intestine is displayed by the centralization levels of? The colon ileus is displayed by peripheral localization levels only The colon ileus is displayed by the levels of only the centralized localization 10. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma results from: Most often in children Most often in cirrhotic liver Most often In a healthy liver 11. Old ischemic (malatic) lesion is displayed on CT as: Hypoechogenic foci with surrounding expansion Hypodens bearing without expansion Bounded hypersignal 12. Dopier dyeing: Is only used in urology and gynecology Used to display vascularization of tumors Is no longer used because of its harmfulness Which plane divides the human body into right and left part: Transversal Sagittal 15  16 Frontal Pregnancy is during MR examination: Absolute contraindication throughout pregnancy due to its teratogenic effect Contraindication only in the first trimester of pregnancy contraindication s in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy Carcinomatous lung lymphangiopathy does not arise: Lymphogenic secondary spread in the lung parenchyma From tumors of the digestive tract, breast Hematogenic spread 16 Depending on how the area appears compared to the perceived brightness of the surroundings, we are talking about several degrees of echogenicity: anechogenic, hypoechogenic, isoechogenic, hyperechogenic hypoechogenic, isoechogenic, hyperechogenic anechogenic, hypoechogenic, hyperechogenic 4. diagnosis of haemorrhagic stroke of the brain: brain imaging using native CT scan is most appropriate it is best to view the brain by MR examination brain imaging by contrast CT scan is best The first X-ray machine in Slovakia used: Professor Rudolf Jedlička Dr. Vojtech Alexander Tesla 2. The density of CT examination is expressed as: T (Tesla units) in Gamma units (G) Hounsfield units (HI) 1. Calculator The main indications for MR examination do not include: multiple sclerosis intervertebral disc herniation bone fracture Bronchogenic carcinoma is: malignant pulmonary disease malignant lung disease benign lung disease For the planned USG examination of the abdomen the patient must be: it is necessary to drink water before examination  & no preparation is required fasting The patient is not exposed to X-rays at: CT examination AG examination MR examination Selective angiography a. mesenterialis is done by catheterization through: v. subclavian a. femoralis v. femoral DSA (digital subtraction angiography) is: invasive method of vessel examination invasive method of examination of the lymphatic system non-invasive vascular examination method During contrast MR examinations, the following are used: gas contrast agents (SonoVue) iodine contrast agents arterial phase, venous (porto-venous) and delayed (parenchymal phase Malignant tumors of the stomach cause barium contrast in X-ray examination agent: defects in the filling of various shapes no changes plus in the cartridge In the USG examination of a small pelvis with an endocavitary probe, the following should be: fasted patient bladder filled bladder emptied 12. Calculator Types of fractures: fragmentary, compressive, pathological dislocated, pathological dislocated, fragmentary, compressive, pathological, stress fracture 1. The connective tissue of the support system shall consist of: just bone bone and cartilage ligament, cartilage, bone The spleen is affected by lymphoma:Primary For CT examination of the abdomen, barium contrast medium: interferes with investigation, causes artifacts of does not interfere with the examination we can give it in indicated cases Liver biopsy under USG or CT: is performed using a biopsy cannon under local anesthesia (NOT SURE) is performed after an unsuccessful laparoscopic biopsy is performed as a method of choice because it is highly safe, under general anesthesia Medical exposure may indicate: Doctor and other health care professionals Carcinomatous lung lymphangiopathy does not arise: from tumors of the disgestive tract, breast lymphogenic secondary spread in the lung parenchyma hematogenic spread 3. Pregnancy is during CT examination: absolute contraindication is not a contraindication, maternal health is always paramount relative contraindication to First, we indicate a USG investigation on suspicion of: abdominal aneurysm spinal cord tumor a stomach ulcer Liver cysts are: single, multiple, echinococcal multiple easy The aortic dissection is: aortic enlargement aortic narrowing aortic wall splitting Chronic radiation sickness results from: after a single short-term irradiation of the whole body exposure to small doses of radiation for a longer time ionizing radiation has no effects on the body 21. Prenatal diagnosis uses: USG, CT and MR examination USG and MR examination USG and CT examination To examine the abdominal organs we use: endocavital probe convex probe linear probe Liver cysts are: single, multiple, echinococcal easy multiple The patient is not exposed to X-rays at: MR examination CT examination AG examination Krukenberg's tumor is: ovarian tumor metastasizing to the colon, stomach and pancreas ovarian tumor metastasizing to the stomach stomach tumor metastasizing to the ovaries Acute pancreatitis takes the form of: slight edematous two forms: mild edematous and severe haemorrhagic-necrotic severe hemorrhagic-necrotic What we need to think about when the diaphragm is high: m. Crohn subphrenic abscess a tumor in the abdominal cavity In the Seldinger method, we introduce a catheter through: lymphatic vessels vein femoralis artery femoralis Carcinomatous lung lymphangiopathy does not arise: from tumors of the digestive tract, breast lymphogenic secondary spread in the lung parenchyma hematogenic spread Rays x (X-rays) discovered: Henri Becquerel madame Curie Wilhelm Conrad X-ray The most common solid malignant liver tumor in general is: CHCC (cholangiocellular carcinoma) liver metastasis HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) In the small intestine wall he often metastasizes: ovarian cancer colon carcinoma malignant melanoma of the skin The basic imaging method for breast cancer is: ductography native mammography USG Traumatic changes in the abdominal cavity are evaluated on CT: oral preparation required necessary intravenous administration of contrast agent without administration of a contrast agent What examination does not show the hollow kidney system: voiding cystography i.v. urography ascendent urography For the examination and staging of rectal tumors, it is best to: CT contrast examination of rectum and small pelvis CT irigographic or CT colonographic examination MR examination recta During contrast MR examinations, the following are used: arterial phase, venous (porto-venous) and delayed (parenchymal phase) gas contrast agents (SonoVue) iodine contrast agents Special CT examinations of abdomen and pelvis include: CT of stomach, CT irigography, CT enterography, CT colonography Small pelvic CT in women, CT irigography, CT colonography, CT of the stomach CT of the stomach, CT of the small pelvis in men, CT enterography, CT colonography Coiling aneurysms is: treating an aneurysm with clip not used anymore treatment of aneurysm with micro-spirals Old hematoma is on CT: hypodensive hyperdense isodensive x-ray properties do not include: is visible passes through a mass in which it is partially absorbed is invisible CT enterography: The patient must be prepared on a diet and the intestine is emptied, antiallergic necessary preparation examination is focused on liver it does not require any preparation Dopler dying: is only used in urology and gynecology is no longer used because of its harmfulness used to display vascularization Radionuclides enter the organism: only through the skin and mucous membranes skin, mucous membranes, nose and mouth, food and liquid, opened wound do not enter the body On chest x-ray we evaluate: lung drawing, diaphragm, skeleton, heart lungs, forces, pulmonary drawing, diaphragm and diaphragm angles, heart, mediastinum, skeleton, soft tissues lungs Radiation is generated by: impact of electrons in matter with high atomic number by suddenly braking very fast flying electrons in a high mass atomic number by rapidly braking very fast flying electrons in a low atomic mass number