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Question N1 Fluoroscopy uses a continuous stream of x-rays to view the movement of \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- in real time. Answer: organs/ structures Point: Not Checked Question N2 Mammography is a radiographic examination of the \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- Answe...

Question N1 Fluoroscopy uses a continuous stream of x-rays to view the movement of \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- in real time. Answer: organs/ structures Point: Not Checked Question N2 Mammography is a radiographic examination of the \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- Answer: breast Point: Not Checked Question N3 Thyroid collar protects the radiosensitive tissues of the \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- gland. Answer: thyroid Point: Not Checked Question N4 The \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- beam is produced by bombarding a tungsten target with an electron beam within an x-ray tube. Answer: X ray Point: Not Checked Question N5 Hereditary effects and cancer incidence are examples of \_\_\_ effects. Answer: stochastic Point: Not Checked Question N6 A radioation dosimeter badge does not \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the worker from radiotion. Answer: protect Point: Not Checked Question N7 \_\_\_\_\_ is usually the study of first choice in imaging the female pelvis and in pediatric patients. Answer: Ultrasonography (US) Point: Not Checked Question N8 Plain radiographs can detect early infiltrative changes in the marrow space. Answer: 0 Point: 0.5 Question N9 \"Schwannoma\" is the preferred term because pathologically these tumors are composed of Schwann cells. Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N10 On axial scans, pleural fluid layers posteriorly with a characteristic meniscoid appearance and has a CT attenuation value of 0 to 20 H. Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N11 The left lung is divided into upper and lower lobes by the left minor fissure. Answer: 1 Point: 0.0 Question N12 On conventional radiographs, the most reliable finding of COPD is hyperinflation Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N13 Today Ultrasound is the study of choice in diagnosing bronchiectasis Answer: 0 Point: 0.5 Question N14 The visceral pleura lines the inside of the thoracic cage, and the parietal pleura adheres to the surface of the lung parenchyma. Answer: 0 Point: 0.5 Question N15 Palpable mammary mass is revealed as anechoic structure with distinct, regular borders and posterior enhancement. This structure most likely is \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- Answer: Breast simple cyst Point: Not Checked Question N16 Posteroanterior and \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- chest radiographs are the mainstays of thoracic imaging. Answer: lateral Point: Not Checked Question N17 The left lung is divided into upper and lower lobes by the left \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- fissure. Answer: major Point: Not Checked Question N18 Which of the following organs is a triangular-shaped gland consisting of lymphoid tissue and is located in the superior portion of the mediastinum inferior to the manubrium? Answer: thymus gland Point: 0.5 Question N19 Mediastinal lymphadenopathy in Hodgkin disease is usually \_\_\_ and asymmetric. Answer: Bilateral Point: 0.5 Question N20 The most common variety of \_\_\_ is cystic, producing a well-marginated mass near the origin of the great vessels that characteristically contains fat, cartilage, and possibly bone on CT examination. Answer: Teratoma Point: 0.5 Question N21 What is the location of neurogenic tumor? Answer: Posterior mediastinum Point: 0.5 Question N22 What masses lie in the anterior mediastinum? Answer: Substernal thyroid masses, lymphoma, thymoma, teratoma Point: 0.5 Question N23 Which of the following is correct about benign solitary pulmonary nodule? Answer: Lesions containing central, laminar, or diffuse patterns of calcification are invariably benign Point: 0.5 Question N24 \_\_\_\_\_ is a indication that the patient is in a episode of acute cholecystitis. Answer: Pericholecystic fluid Point: 0.5 Question N25 What pathological condition is characterized by submucosal edema with ulcerations involving a thickened segment of distal ileum? Answer: Crohn's disease Point: 0.5 Question N26 Sonographically normal bowel can present as Answer: all of the above Point: 0.5 Question N27 An MRI is the best primary diagnostic imaging test for acute cholecystitis Answer: 0 Point: 0.5 Question N28 CT scan for blunt abdominal trauma should be performed with only oral contrast Answer: 0 Point: 0.5 Question N29 MRI is very specific for distinguishing hepatic hemangioma from other hepatic tumors Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N30 An abdominal CT is a sensitive test in confirmed cases of pancreatitis Answer: 0 Point: 0.5 Question N31 The pancreas may be a difficult organ to image with US. Vascular landmarks are the key to its identification. Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N32 Ultrasound is the modality of choice to diagnose gallstones Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N33 Acoustic shadowing is produced by nearly complete absorption or reflection of the US beam, obscuring deeper tissue structures. Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N34 Acoustic enhancement are produced by gallstones, urinary tract stones, bone, metallic objects, and gas bubbles. Answer: 0 Point: 0.5 Question N35 Ureteral jets will not be seen in which of the following? Answer: renal artery aneurysm obstructive hydronephrosis Point: 0.0 Question N36 What is the name of the area anterior to the right kidney and posterior to the right lobe of the liver? Answer: Morison's pouch Point: 0.5 Question N37 Which of the following is not a clinical sign of renal disease? Answer: jaundice Point: 0.5 Question N38 What is hypertrophied column of Bertin? Answer: c\. renal variant Point: 0.5 Question N39 What is hypertrophied column of Bertin? Answer: renal variant Point: 0.5 Question N40 Compare the echogenicities of the following structures and place them in increasing echogenic order. Answer: renal parenchyma \~lt; liver \~lt; spleen \~lt; pancreas \~lt; renal sinus Point: 0.5 Question N41 A renal sonogram is performed and an echogenic well-defined mass is identified in the renal cortex. This is characteristic of which of the following? Answer: angiomyolipoma Point: 0.5 Question N42 Adult polycystic disease may be characterized by all of the following except Answer: bilateral small and echogenic kidneys Point: 0.5 Question N43 Identify the sonographic pattern that best describes hydronephrosis? Answer: fluid-filled pelvocaliceal collecting system Point: 0.5 Question N44 What is the pyramid-shaped muscular organ that rest on the pelvic floor immediately posterior to the symphysis pubis? Answer: bladder Point: 0.5 Question N45 Which of the following is correct about renal cell carcinoma? Answer: Even though renal cell carcinomas enhance with intravenous contrast, they still tend to remain lower in density than the surrounding normal kidney Point: 0.5 Question N46 Another name for uterine leiomyoma is: Answer: Fibroid Point: 0.5 Question N47 Fibroid found just beneath the endometrium: Answer: Submucosal Point: 0.5 Question N48 Which is usually the primary imaging technique used in the diagnosis of leiomyomas? Answer: Ultrasound Point: 0.5 Question N49 Which of the following is correct about dermoid cyst? Answer: Incidental benign finding on exam and ultrasound. Asymptomatic, unilateral cystic adnexal mass. May consist of cartilage, bone and teeth Point: 0.5 Question N50 Which of the following is correct about ectopic pregnancy? Answer: The quantitative serum hormone of human chorionic gonadotropin (βHCG) is increasing Point: 0.5 Question N51 Which of the following is correct about kidneys ultrasound? Answer: The renal parenchyma has uniformly low echogenicity, which is usually less or equal than that of the adjacent liver and spleen Point: 0.5 Question N52 Which part of the urinary tract has a poor view during the renal ultrasound? Answer: Ureters Point: 0.5 Question N53 Ultrasound waves are predominately blocked by bone Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N54 Gallstones can occur in children. Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N55 Cardiomegaly is an important indicator of cardiac disease in children and often accompanies congenital heart disease. Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N56 The presence of small bowel gas on abdominal radiographs in a 3-day old is abnormal and indicates a bowel obstruction. Answer: 0 Point: 0.5 Question N57 Abdominal radiographs generally show nonspecific findings in children with nonperforated appendicitis. Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N58 What are branches of the celiac artery? Answer: splenic, left gastric and common hepatic arteries Point: 0.5 Question N59 The common bile duct is joined by the pancreatic duct as they enter the Answer: second portion of the duodenum Point: 0.5 Question N60 Which of the following would not be used for confirmation of inferior vena cava thrombosis? Answer: contrast angiography Point: 0.5 Question N61 The portal vein is formed by the confluence of which of the following veins? Answer: hepatic and superior mesenteric veins superior mesenteric and splenic veins Point: 0.0 Question N62 The portal vein travels throughout the liver with the Answer: hepatic artery and common bile duct Point: 0.5 Question N63 Administration of contrast agents for radiographic demonstration of the spinal canal is performed by which of the following parenteral routes? Answer: Intravenous Intrathecal Point: 0.0 Question N64 Which of the following traumatic pathological processes within the abdominal cavity presents with attenuation values within 20 HU of the aorta and is a life-threatening situation? Answer: hemorrhage Point: 0.5 Question N65 A patient who has blunt trauma to the abdomen earlier in the day presents with left --upper-quadrant pain and a decrease in hematocrit. An echogenic mass is seen in the spleen. What is this consistent with? Answer: hematoma Point: 0.5 Question N66 Which of the following pathological processes has an attenuation value of near water and accumulates in the greater peritoneal space? Answer: ascites Point: 0.5 Question N67 When scanning a 22-year-old patient to rule out cholelithiasis, a single echogenic lesion is seen within the liver. What is this most characteristic of? Answer: a hepatic cyst a cavernous hemangioma Point: 0.0 Question N68 A gallbladder sonographic examination is performed, and a small gallbladder with intrahepatic dilatation is seen. This may indicate that the level of obstruction is at the level of which of the following? Answer: common hepatic duct Point: 0.5 Question N69 Which of the following describes the Doppler characteristic of the venous blood flow in a varicocele? Answer: triphasic flow increased blood flow Point: 0.0 Question N70 If the prostate is found to be enlarged, which of the following should the sonographer also check? Answer: kidneys for hydronephrosis    Point: 0.5 Question N7 An ultrasound probe or transducer both produces the \_\_\_\_\_\_ signal and records it. Answer: Ultrasonic Question N25 The small intestine is divided into three parts, what is the name of the distal portion? Answer: ileum Point: 0.5 Question N26 Double-contrast examinations of the stomach or large bowel are performed to better visualize the Answer: gastric or bowel mucosa Point: 0.5 Question N33 Primary liver tumors are more common than metastasis to the liver Answer: 0 Point: 0.5 Question N7 Conventional Angiography involves the opacification of blood vessels by \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- injection of iodinated contrast agents. Answer: Intravenous Question N24 Loops proximal to obstruction become? Answer: Dilated Point: 0.5 Question N25 Most common cause of mechanical large bowel obstruction? Answer: Malignancy. Other: hernia, diverticulitis, intussusception Point: 0.5 Question N26 Most common cause of mechanical small bowel obstruction? Answer: Adhesions. Other- hernias, intussusception, malignancy, gallstones Point: 0.5 Question N7 Barium Sulfate is the standard opaque contrast agent for routine \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- contrast studies of the upper and lower GI tract. Answer: Fluoroscopy Question N24 Air in rectum/ Sigmoid, 2-3 distended loops. What type of obstruction? Answer: Localized ileus (Sentinel Loop) Point: 0.5 Question N25 CT: Large bowel is dilated to the point of obstruction, then normal in caliber distal to the obstructing lesion: Answer: Large bowel obstruction Point: 0.5 Question N26 Loops Distal to obstruction become \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_? Answer: Dilated Compressed Point: 0.0 Question N24 What is Crohn's disease? Answer: an inflammation of the bowel Point: 0.5 Question N25 1-2 loops air in small bowel: Answer: Normal Point: 0.5 Question N5 MRI utilizes the potential energy stored in the body\'s \_\_\_\_ atoms.  Answer:  hydrogen Question N8 \_\_\_\_\_ is widely used in neurologic imaging and is particularly sensitive in imaging soft tissues such as themuscles, tendons, and ligaments. Answer:  MRI Question N9 The spinal cord in the adult ends inferiorly at the level of the Answer: L1 vertebra  Point: 0.5 Question N10 Herniation of the intervertebral disc between the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae will compress the Answer: Sixth cervical nerve root     Point: 0.5 Question N11 The subarachnoid space ends inferiorly in the adult at the level of Answer: S2 to 3    Point: 0.5 Question N12 A patient presents to the emergency department with suspected neck trauma, the appropriate imaging study is Answer: CT of the cervical spine         Point: 0.5 Question N13 The most common cause of scoliosis is Answer: idiopathic   Point: 0.5 Question N14 The most common organism causing spine infection in adults is Answer: Staphylococcus Point: 0.5 Question N15 In a patient with a cervical spine injury and neurologic symptoms, the primary reason an MRI may be obtained is to Answer: Evaluate the cord for edema or blood   Point: 0.5 Question N16 An intrathecal injection is associated with which of the following examinations? Answer: Myelogram      Point: 0.5 Question N17 This is defined as the narrowing of the spinal canal and lateral recesses as a result of progressive degenerative disease of the disk, bone, and ligaments: Answer: Spinal stenosis   Point: 0.5 Question N18 This occurs when part or the entire nucleus pulposus is forced through the disk\'s weakened or torn outer ring:  Answer: Herniated disk Point: 0.5 Question N19 Which of the following is correct in a case atelectasis of an entire lung?   Answer: The mobile structures in the thorax are "pulled" toward the side of the opacification Point: 0.5 Question N20 Which of the following is correct in a case of massive pleural effusion?      Answer: The mobile structures in the thorax are  shift  away from the side of opacification Point: 0.5 Question N21 Which of the following is correct in the case of  pneumothorax? Answer: Visualization of the visceral pleural line---a must for the diagnosis Point: 0.5 Question N22 Which of the following is correct in the case of  pulmonary alveolar edema? Answer: Bilateral, perihilar airspace disease, bat-wing, angel-wing appearance Point: 0.5 Question N23 Which of the following is correct in the case of an entire lung pneumonia? Answer: The mobile structures are not replaced Point: 0.5 Question N24 Echogenicity of a mass is assessed relative to which of the following structures? Answer: fat Point: 0.5 Question N25 What type transducer should be used for breast sonography? Answer: linear                    Point: 0.5 Question N26  Which of the following best describes the thickness of normal skin overlying the breast? Answer: 2-3 mm Point: 0.5 Question N27 In order for a breast mass to be characterized as anechoic it must: Answer: Not contain any internal echoes Point: 0.5 Question N28 Which of the following statements is true regarding a breast cyst post-aspiration? Answer: a post-aspiration image should be obtained routinely.  Point: 0.5 Question N36 What is the first choice imaging study for pericardial effusion? Answer: Pericardial ultrasonography Point: 0.5 Question N37 The best way to rule out an aortic dissection is with which of the following? Answer: transesophageal echocardiography    Point: 0.5 Question N38 Blood normally flows from the right ventricle to which of the following? Answer: pulmonary artery        Point: 0.5 Question N39 Which cardiac examination provides the highest resolution? Answer: transesophageal echocardiography   Point: 0.5 Question N40 The term cardiomyopathy is used to describe which of the following? Answer: variety of cardiac diseases that affect the myocardium Point: 0.5 Question N41 Which ventricle forms the apex of the heart and has the function of pumping blood into the aorta? Answer: left ventricle  Point: 0.5 Question N42 Which Chamber of the heart comprises the largest portion of the anterior surface of the chest and receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and forces it into the pulmonary trunk for transportation to the lungs? Answer: right ventricle          Point: 0.5 Question N43 Which of the following is not a secondary echocardiographic finding of mitral stenosis? Answer: a dilated left ventricle  Point: 0.5 Question N44 What is a normal cardiothoracic ratio for adults? Answer:  \< 50% Point: 0.5 Question N45 What is the definition of an aortic aneurysm? Answer: Enlargement \>50% of original size Point: 0.5 Question N46 What is the gold standard for detecting coronary artery stenosis? Answer: Coronary angiography Point: 0.5 Question N47 Which of the following is an extracardiac cause   of apparent cardiac enlargement? Answer: Magnification Point: 0.5 Question N48 Which of the following is correct about  thoracic aortic aneurysm? Answer: Aneurysms of the aortic arch produce a middle mediastinal mass Point: 0.5 Question N49 The appendix is a blind-ended tube that is 9 to 10 mm in diameter.    Answer: 0 Point: 0.5 Question N50 Gastroesophageal reflux disease occurs as a result of incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter. Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N51 Endoscopy, esophageal dilation procedures may perforate the esophageal wall.   Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N52 The common bile duct and pancreatic duct pierce the medial aspect of the ascending duodenum at the ampulla of Vater. Answer: 0 Point: 0.5 Question N53 The rectum extends for approximately 12-15 cm. Answer: 0 Point: 0.0 Question N59 Fatty infiltration causes an \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- in echogenicity of the liver. Answer:  increase Point: 0.00 Question N60 Color Doppler US is valuable in the assessment of liver \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--, in the diagnosis of portal and hepatic vein thrombosis and portal hypertension Answer:  vasculature Point: 0.00 Question N61 CT is the best Imaging modality to diagnose ureterolithiasis Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N62 The ureterovesical junction should be examined with color Doppler to detect the presence or absence of a ureteral jet. Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N63 Ultrasound is the best imaging modality to confirm a renal mass is a cyst Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N64 All renal stones, regardless of composition, appear on US as bright echogenic foci. Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N65 The transvaginal US is performed with the bladder empty and provides the most detailed evaluation. Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 Question N66 The major indication for transrectal US of the prostate gland is to guide needle biopsy for the diagnosis of the prostate cancer. Answer: 1 Point: 0.5 The horizontal fissure separates: Answer: Right upper lobe from right middle lobe Point: 0.50 Which of the following diseases is classically manifested by four key radiological findings: fluid in the fissures, peribronchial cuffing, pleural effusions, kerley B lines? Answer: Pulmonary interstitial edema Point: 0.50 Question N38: Which of the following is correct about cardiomyopathy? Answer: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be diagnosed with echocardiography or MRI of the heart in which the asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) may be demonstrated Point: 0.5 Question N43: The stomach usually does not contain gas Answer: False Point: 0.50 Question N19 What is the region called that is on the medial side near the center of both the right and left lungs, and is the where the bronchi, veins, and arteries enter and exit the lungs next to the heart?   Answer: hilum     Point: 0.5 Question N20 If 10 posterior ribs ar visible, it is an excellent\... Answer: Inspiration Point: 0.5 Question N21 If there  is overpenetration during x-ray study, what disease would you thought by mistake? Answer: Pneumothorax Point: 0.5 Question N22 Seen in AP films (portable chest x-rays), making the heart appear larger\... Answer: Magnification Point: 0.5 Question N23 These studies are almost always AP... Answer: Portable chest x-rays Point: 0.5 Question N24 What forms the left  border of the heart on X-ray? Answer: Left ventricle Point: 0.5 Question N25 What forms the right  border of the heart on X-ray? Answer: Right atrium Point: 0.5 Question N26 What is usually a standard frontal chest radiograph? Answer: PA view Point: 0.5 Question N27 What is visible normally in the retrosternal clear spase? Answer: A relatively lucent crescent is present just behind the sternum  and anterior to the shadow of the ascending aorta Point: 0.5 Question N28 Which of the following is correct  about posterior ribs? Answer: Posterior ribs are immediately more apparent to the eye on frontal chest radiographs Point: 0.5 Question N14: Which of the anatomic structures listed below is seen most anteriorly in a lateral projection of the chest? Answer: Cardiac apex      Point: 0.50 Which of the following is correct? Answer: You can accurately differentiate between pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins on a chest CT scan You can accurately differentiate between pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins on a chest X-ray (false) Point: 0.50 Question N18: Characteristics of airspace disease incude: Answer: Fluffy, confluent densities that are indistinctly marginated Point: 0.50 Question N19: Characteristics of interstitial lung disease incude: Answer: Discrete "particles" or "packets" of disease, that tend to occur in a pattern of lines, dots, or very infrequently a combination of lines and dots Point: 0.50 Question N14: Which two characteristics are most helpful to establish concordance between a lesion seen on ultrasound and mammography? Answer: Size and location Point: 0.50 Question N16: Which of the following terms is not an appropriate descriptor of breast lesion shape? Answer: oblong Point: 0.50 Question N15: Which of the following is not an indication for breast ultrasound? Answer: A patient had a breast sonogram last year and prefers it over a mammogram Point: 0.50 Question N24 What is the Rigler\'s sign? Answer: Air on both sides of the bowel wall Point: 0.5 Question N25 When 2 points of the same loop of bowel are obstructed at a single location: Answer: Closed-loop obstruction Point: 0.5 Question N26 Which of the following is correct about normal bowel gas pattern? Answer: Dilatation of the bowel is normal There is almost always air in the rectum or sigmoid colon Point: 0.0 Question N7 US examinations are performed by applying the US transducer directly onto the patient\'s skin using a water-soluble \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- as a coupling agent to ensure good contact and transmission of the US beam. Answer: coupling gel 18\. Oral or rectal contrast is generally required to opacify the \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- for CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis. GI Tract/bowel

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