RAD 112 Chp 4, 5 & 6 for AI PDF

**RAD 112 Chapter 4 Quiz - The X-ray Circuit** [RAD 0724\_RAD 112 Radiation Physics and Radiobiology I](https://lms.stellarcollege.edu/course/view.php?id=1811#section-5) Top of Form Question **1** Rectifiers function to AC to DC Question **2** The line compensator is typically wired to the a...

**RAD 112 Chapter 4 Quiz - The X-ray Circuit** [RAD 0724\_RAD 112 Radiation Physics and Radiobiology I](https://lms.stellarcollege.edu/course/view.php?id=1811#section-5) Top of Form Question **1** Rectifiers function to AC to DC Question **2** The line compensator is typically wired to the autotransformer The line compensator is typically wired to the autotransformer. Question **3** Place the following events leading to the production of x-rays in order, from first to last\ \ I. alternating current is converted to direct current\ II. voltage is adjusted at the autotransformer\ III. kilovoltage leaves the step-up transformer\ IV. voltage goes to primary side of step-up transformer II, IV, III, I Leaving the autotransformer, the selected voltage goes through the primary and secondary sides of the step-up transformer and is then rectified. Question **4** Ohm\'s law can be written as volts = current x resistance Ohm\'s law is V = IR or volts = amps × ohms. Question **5** *Ripple *refers to the fluctuation in voltage in the electricity *Ripple *is the fluctuation of voltage in the electrical signal. Question **6** With mutual induction, to induce current in the secondary coil, there must be Alternating current flowing in the primary coil of wire Mutual induction requires alternating current to be flowing in the primary coil of wire. Question **7** The rheostat is a variable resistor that\ All of the above Question **8** In a parallel circuit the circuit elements are wired along a single conductor. \'False\'. Question **9** Both AC and DC is used in x-ray production. True\'. Question **10** In the US the electricity that flows through homes alternates at 60 cycles per second Question **11** The step-up and step-down transformer operate on the principle of Mutual induction Question **12** The less the ripple the more consistent the energy of the x-rays produced As the amount of ripple decreases, a smaller range of voltages will be used to produce the x-rays, resulting in the energy of the x-rays being more consistent. Question **13** Within the x-ray tube electrons must always flow from\ Cathode to Anode Question **14** What is the total current flowing through the series circuit pictured below? 3 A Question **15** The purpose of grounding is to neutralize a charged object Grounding is a protective measure that neutralizes charged objects. Question **16** What is the function of the mA meter and where is it located in the x-ray circuit?\ Monitors x-ray tube current; located in the secondary circuit Question **17** What is the output voltage in the secondary side of the step-up transformer pictured below?  800 V Question **18** Voltage and Current have what type of relationship? Inverse relationship Question **19** The autotransformer operates on the principle of \ Self-Induction Question **20** What is the current at A1 in the parallel circuit pictured below? 0.75 A Bottom of Form **RAD112 Chapter 5 Quiz** [RAD 0724\_RAD 112 Radiation Physics and Radiobiology I](https://lms.stellarcollege.edu/course/view.php?id=1811#section-6) Top of Form Question **1** The stationary anode includes an area of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ embedded in a copper rod. tungsten  Question **2** The most common x-ray tube target angle is 12 degrees.  Question **3** Tungsten is used to coat the anode disc because it has a high melting point.  Question **4** The motor that turns the anode operates through mutual induction.  Question **5** Electrons from the cathode that do not produce x-rays will continue as current flow through the circuit.  Question **6** After lengthy exposures, the x-ray tube on a mobile fluoroscopic unit may become very hot.  Question **7** In terms of the x-ray tube, envelope is another name for the glass or metal enclosure.  Question **8** To take advantage of the anode heel effect, the thicker part of the anatomy is being imaged. should be placed under the anode end of the tube. False. Question **9** The stationary anode includes an area of tungsten embedded in a copper rod.  Question **10** The protective tube housing helps to keep the tube cool. , prevent electrical shocks to the radiographer. , limit leakage radiation. & provide solid, stable mechanical support. all of these.  Question **11** The portion of the induction motor that is made of electromagnets that are energized in opposing pairs and induce an electric current with associated magnetic field is the stator.  Question **12** The focusing cup is part of the secondary circuit.  Question **13** Most x-ray tube target angles range between 7 and 18 degrees.  Question **14** One of the reasons that molybdenum is used in rotating anodes is because it is light but strong.  Question **15** The cathode includes a focusing cup., provides electrons for x-ray production., includes filaments. all of these.  Question **16** The physical area of the target where electrons strike is the effective focal spot.  False,  True Question **17** The melting point of tungsten is 3400 °C.  Question **18** Copper can be found \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the rotating anode. in the shaft  Question **19** The positive end of the x-ray tube is the anode.  Question **20** Glass enclosures are typically made of borosilicate glass (Pyrex) because it is very heat-resistant.  Question **21** Which of the following helps to keep the x-ray tube cool on the inside of the protective housing? Cooling fans and an oil bath  Question **22** If the anode angle becomes too small, which of the following may result? X-ray beam size may start to be limited, the intensity of the beam near the anode may be reduced, The anode heel effect may be seen. All of these.  Question **23** For the covering of the rotating anode disc, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ may be added to tungsten to increase thermal capacity and tensile strength. rhenium  Question **24** The best situation for less heat production and a quality image is to have a: 1\. small actual focal spot 2\. large actual focal spot 3\. small effective focal spot large actual focal spot and small effective focal spot.  Question **25** The primary purpose of the glass or metal enclosure is to maintain a vacuum within the tube.  Question **26** The portion of the induction motor that is outside the tube enclosure is the stator.  Question **27** Molybdenum is found in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the rotating anode. base and disc  Question **28** Molybdenum is a poor thermal conductor.  Question **29** The protective tube housing is lined with lead. Question **30** By regulation, x-ray tube leakage radiation can be no more than 100 mR per hour at a distance of one meter.  Bottom of Form **RAD112 Chapter 6 X-Production** [RAD 0724\_RAD 112 Radiation Physics and Radiobiology I](https://lms.stellarcollege.edu/course/view.php?id=1811#section-7) Question **1** As the kVp increases beam energy and beam penetrability increases (As the kVp increases, the beam energy and penetrability increases.) Question **2** During the bremsstrahlung interaction, the filament electron is attracted to the nucleus but not absorbed (During the bremsstrahlung interaction, the filament electron is attracted to the nucleus, causing it to slow down and change direction.) Question **3** Characteristic x-ray photons result when an inner-shell electron is knocked out and when outer-shell electrons fill the vacancy in an inner shell (To produce characteristic radiation, outer-shell electrons must drop into an inner-shell vacancy created by the filament electron knocking out the orbital electron.) Question **4** Filtration placed in the path of the x-ray beam absorbs low-energy photons (Beam filtration reduces beam quantity by absorbing low-energy photons.) Question **5** As the distance increases, the beam quantity reaching a specific area Decreases (Increasing the distance results in the number of photons in a specific area being decreased.) Question **6** For a tungsten target, the discrete line on the x-ray emission spectrum is approximately 69 keV (The discrete line is at 69 keV, based on a tungsten target.) Question **7** *Bremsstrahlung *means braking radiation (*Bremsstrahlung *is the German word for \"braking\" or \"slowing down\" radiation.) Question **8** A discrete emission spectrum is a graphic representation of characteristic radiation Question **9** A higher energy beam is said to be a \_\_\_\_\_\_ beam. hard Question **10** Changing from a high-frequency generator to a single-phase generator results in the x-ray emission spectrum- changing along the *y*-axis changing along the *x*-axis Question **11** Changes along the *x*-axis of the x-ray emission spectrum reflect changes in the \_\_\_\_\_ of the x-ray beam. quality Question **12** Half-value layer (HVL) is used to measure beam quality Question **13** A continuous emission spectrum is a graphic representation of bremsstrahlung radiation Question **14** Changing the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ results in changes to the *x*-axis, *y*-axis, and location of the discrete line of the x-ray emission spectrum. target material Question **15** *Beam quality *refers to the energy level of the radiation Question **16** A filament electron removes a K shell electron and an M shell electron fills the vacancy. The K shell binding energy is 69.5 keV and the M shell binding energy is 2.8 keV. What is the energy of the K-characteristic photon produced?- The energy of the photon produced is determined by subtracting the binding energy of the outer shell electron from the binding energy of the inner shell electron (69.5 - 2.8 = 66.7) 66.7 keV. Question **17** At the anode target, how much of the energy from filament electrons is lost as heat and how much will result in x-ray production. 99% energy lost as heat; 1% result in x-rays Question **18** Adding filtration in the path of the beam results in the x-ray emission spectrum changing along the *y*-axis changing along the *x*-axis both of these Question **19** How many HVLs are needed to reduce beam intensity from 600 mR to 300 mR? One. Question **20** During x-ray production the electrons penetrate the target approximately 0.5 mm