Republic Act No. 10915 PDF
Document Details
Uploaded by Deleted User
2016
Tags
Related
- 2024 Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Board Exam Reviewer PDF
- 2024 Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Board Exam Reviewer - Tillage Equipment PDF
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineer Licensure Examination Recalled Questions 2017 PDF
- CLSU-ABE-Review-2022_ABE-Laws-Part-1 PDF
- ABE Board Exam Reviewer Part III PDF 2022
- ABE 011 Introduction to Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering PDF
Summary
This document is Republic Act No. 10915, an act strengthening, modernizing, and aligning the practice of agricultural engineering in the Philippines. The act covers examination, registration, licensure, and supervision of agricultural and biosystems engineers. It also includes curriculum development, professional competence and practice, and integration of agricultural and biosystems engineers.
Full Transcript
S. No. 2434 H. No. 6421 ^ p u b ltr ofti{e^l|iltppinp8 fflongrpss ;^ p { ra cMantIa ^ixtppntl] Congress Cljirii Jlegular^pssion B egun an d h e ld in M e tro M...
S. No. 2434 H. No. 6421 ^ p u b ltr ofti{e^l|iltppinp8 fflongrpss ;^ p { ra cMantIa ^ixtppntl] Congress Cljirii Jlegular^pssion B egun an d h e ld in M e tro M a n ila , o n M o n d a y , th e tw e n ty - s e v e n th d a y o f J u ly , t w o th o u s a n d fifte e n. [ R e p u b l ic A ct N o. 10915 1 AN ACT STRENGTHENING, MODERNIZING AND ALIGNING THE PRACTICE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING IN THE COUNTRY INTO THE INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNIZED PRACTICE OF AGRICULTURAL AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled: ARTICLE I G eneral P r o m sio n s S ection l. Title. — This Act shall be known as the “Philippine Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Act of 2016 ”. S e c. 2. Statement of Policy. - It is hereby declared a policy of the State to promote, strengthen and regulate the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering profession in the Phihppines by instituting measures that will result in relevant agricultural and biosystems engineering education and enhanced roles and better career prospects for agricultural a n d biosystems engineers. Likewise, the State hereby guarantees the application and dehvery of agricultural and biosystems engineering services to accelerate agricultural and fishery modernization: and ensure food and water security, bio-energy development, natural resources conservation, environmental protection and human health and safety by fostering the training and development of an adequate and well-trained pool of agricultural and biosystems engineers in the country. S e c. 3. Coverage of this Act. - This Act shall cover the following aspects of the practice of the profession of agricultural and biosystems engineering: (a) Examination, registration and licensure of agricultural and biosystems engineers: (b) Supervision, control and regulation of the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering: (c) Development, upgrading and updating of the curriculum of the agricultural and biosystems engineering profession in coordination with the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and the concerned state universities and colleges (SUCs): « (d) Development and improvement of the professional competence and practice of agricultural and biosystems engineers through, among others. Continuing Professional Development (CPD) and career progression and speciahzation; and (e) Integration of all agricultural and biosystems engineers under one national Accredited Integrated Professional Organization (AJPO) of agricultural and biosystems engineers which shall be recognized by the Board of Agricultural and 3 Biosystems Engineering and the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). Sec. 4. Definition of Terms. —As used in this Act, the following terms shall mean: (a) Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering refers to the appUcation of engineering science and designs to the processes and systems involved in the sustainable production, post production and processing of safe food, feed, fiber, timber and other agricultural and biological materials and the efficient utilization, conservation, and management of natural and renewable resources in order to enhance human health in harmony with the environment. Agricultural and biosystems consist of crops, forestry and other plants, poultry, livestock, fisheries and aquaculture resources and other animals, wildlife and other hving things; (b) Agricultural and Biosystems Engineer refers to a person who is registered and hcensed to practice agricultural and biosystems engineering in the country and who holds a valid certificate of registration and professional identification card from the Board of A gricultural and Biosystems Engineering and the PRC; (c) Agricultural and Biosystems Power and Machinery refers to farm power and machinery for the production, harvesting, processing, storage, manufacture, preserving, transporting and distribution of agricultural and biological products/materials and includes, but is not Umited to, tractors and their attachments, power tillers, seeders, transplanters, w indm ills, h arv estin g m achines, crop protection and maintenance equipment, irrigation equipment and accessories, greenhouses and other therm al conditioning equipment, hvestock, poultry, fishery and forest equipment, slaughtering equipment, meat/fishery and crop processing equipment, post harvest machines such as milling machines, dryers, threshers, grain and other strippers, agricultural transport machinery and storage; (d) Agricultural and Biosystems Buildings and Structures refer to buildings and structures for the production, harvesting, processing, storage, manufacture, preserving, transporting and distribution of agricultural and biological products/materials and includes, but is not limited to, silos and its components, agricultural and biosystems machinery and equipment sheds, farm houses, green/screen houses, poultry houses, piggery houses, slaughterhouses, farm-to-market roads, farm bridges, agricultural and biological products storage/warehouse, buildings and structures for poultry, livestock, fishery, and forestry production and processing, kiln drying and lumber treatment structure, farm equipment, farm supphes, and other structures such as self-feeders, and soil and water conservation structures: (e) Agricultural and Bio-Processing refers to local activity or series of activities to maintain or raise the quality or change the form or characteristics of agricultural, fishery, forestry and biological products/materials and includes, but is not hmited to, cleaning, sorting, grading, treating, drying, dehydrating, grinding, mixing, milling, canning, dressing, slaughtering, freezing, pasteurizing, conditioning, packaging, repacking, transporting of agricultural, fishery, forestry and other biological products/materials; (f) Agricultural and Biological Waste Utilization and Management refers to the development of systems, processes, and equipment for agricultural waste disposal and utilization and environment-friendly technologies such as, but is not limited to, compost plants, biogas plants, biomass utilization technologies, systems and processes; (g) Agricultural and Bio-Information System refers to utilization of information systems, database, and other information management tools for agricultural use, biological systems modeling to understand the mutual response between life and the environment: and application of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology for inventory, analysis, and management of agricultural and biological resources, and remote sensing technology for observation and examination of the landscape and its local forms and agricultural activities; (h) A gricultural and Biosystems A utom ation and In strum entation refers to the use and application of agricultural and biosystems sensors such as, but is not limited to, computer models for control and automation in the agricultural and fishery production industry and the biological systems and likewise, robotics for farm operation when use of machines are difficult or impossible, agricultural and biosystems machine design and automated controls, precision farm ing system s, a g ric u ltu ra l safety and controlled-environment agriculture; and the development and apphcation of metrology equipment such as moisture meters, weighing scale and other metrology equipment; (i) Agricultural and Biosystems Resource Conservation and Management refers to measures of conservation and proper management of agricultural and biological resources such as, but is not limited to, area development for agriculture, settlem ent and recreation; parks and plant nurseries; beneficial ecosystem of life and environment; study and analysis of agricultural system as an integrated component of landscape; monitoring and conservation of natural resources; rehabilitation of forest, lakes, rivers and idle lands; and the sustainable development, management, and exploitation of the agricultural ecosystem; (j) Accredited Integrated Professional Organization refers to the professional organization of agricultural and biosystems engineers duly accredited by the Professional Regulatory Board of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering and the PRC, hereinafter referred to as the “AIPO”; (k) Bachelor of Science in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering refers to the tertiary or higher education program which provides graduates with a Baccalaureate Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Degree and shall hereinafter be referred to as BSABE. This program is effectively promulgated under enablmg Policies, Standards and Guidelines (PSG) issued by the CHED in coordination with the Board of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering and/or relevant SUCs; (l) Commission on Higher Education refers to the government agency created to lead, promote, and regulate higher/tertiary education in the Philippines created under Republic Act No. 7722, hereinafter referred to as the “CHED”; (m) Irrigation refers to the artificial apphcation of water to the soil to assist in the growing of agricultural and forest crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall, and shall include drip, sprinkler, shallow tube well and other pressurized irrigation system; national and communal irrigation systems; surface and ground water resource management; and irrigation structures and facilities such as dams, weirs, pump systems, conveyances, canals, and flumes; (n) Professional Regulation Commission refers to the government agency described under Republic Act No. 8981, hereinafter referred to as the “Commission”; (o) Professional Regulatory Board of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering refers to the administrative body created by law to supervise and regulate the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering and is the ultimate authority in the practice of the agricultural and biosystems engineering profession in the Philippines. It shall be hereinafter referred to as the “Board”; and (p) Soil and Water Conservation refers to measures that control soil and w ater degradation and enhance farm productivity; and shall consist of small farm reservoir, farm ponds, small water impoundments, contour farming, and terracing; soil erosion control, land conditioning and mulching, and flood control. Sec. 5. Scope of Practice of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering. - The practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering within the meaning and intent of this Act shall embrace, but not be Umited to, the following.- (a) P rep a ra tio n of engineering designs, plans, specifications, project studies, feasibihty studies and estimates of irrigation and drainage, soil and water conservation and m anagement systems and facilities, agrometeorological systems, agricultural and biosystems power, and machinery, agricultural and biosystems buildings and structures, renewable/bio-energy systems and farm electrification, agricultural and bio-processing and post harvest facUities and system, agricultural and biological waste utilization and management, agricultural and bio-information system, agricultural and biosystems resource conservation and management, and agricultural and bio-automation and instrumentation system; (b) Supervision or management on the construction, operation, and maintenance of irrigation and drainage, soil and water conservation and management systems and facilities, agrometeorological systems, agricultural and biosystems power and machinery, agricultural and biosystems buildings and structures, renewable/bio-energy systems and farm electrification, agricultural and bio-processing and post harvest facilities and system, agricultural and biological waste utilization and management, agricultural and bio-information system, agricultural and biosystems resource conservation and management, and agricultural and bio-automation and instrumentation system; (c) Valuation, appraisal, investigation, inspection, monitoring, and technical audit on agricultural and biosystems machineries and equipment, structures and facilities, and agricultural and biosystems engineering projects; (d) Program/Project development and management, planning, evaluation, and consultancy services on agricultural and biosystems engineering undertakings; (e) Conduct of research and development, training and extension on agricultural and biosystems engineering; (f) Testing, evaluation, and inspection of agricultural and biosystems machinery, and other related agricultural and biosystems engineering facihties, equipment and projects; (g) Manufacture, distribution, installation, and sale of agricultural and biosystems machinery and other related ag ricultural and biosystems engineering facilities and equipment; (h) Teaching and/or conduct of lecture of agricultural and biosystems engineering subjects in institutions of learning in the Phihppines; (i) Preparation and evaluation of farm development plans, farm suitability maps and land use m aps/reports for agricultural, livestock and poultry, fishery, aquaculture and forest production and processing; 8 (j) Training and supervision of agri-fishery machinery technicians and operators of agri-fishery machinery service centers/pools, and agricultural and biosystems engineering technicians and operators in agricultural and biosystems plants, establishments, facihties, and projects; (k) Employment with the government and private firms and establishments: Provided, That such item or position requires the knowledge and expertise of an Agricultural and Biosystems Engineer, or its duties and responsibihties covers the scope of practice in agricultural and biosystems engineering; and G) Participation in the preparation of environmental studies for agricultural, fisheries, agro-industrial and biosystem s projects and its m onitoring u n d er the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system. The Board, subject to approval of the Commission, may add to, or exclude from, this section any activity or act of professional practice, or revise it as the need arises to conform to changes and new developments brought about by the latest trends in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering. ARTICLE II P rofessional Regulatory board of Agricultural and Biosystems E ngineering Sec. 6. Creation and Composition of the Board. ~ There is hereby created a Board to be composed of a Chairperson and two (2) members under the administrative control and supervision of the Commission. They shall be appointed by the P resident of the Philippines from a list of three (3) recommendees for each position which were ranked by the Commission from a hst of five (5) nominees for each position submitted by the AIPO in the Philippines. The Board shall be organized not later than six (6) months from the effectivity of this Act. S ec. 7. Qualifications of Members of the Board. - A member of the Board shall, at the time of their appointment, possess the following qualifications: (a) Must be a Filipino citizen and resident of the Philippines; (b) Must be at least thirty-five (35) years of age; (c) Must be a holder of Bachelor’s Degree in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Agricultural Engineering or its equivalent, conferred by a school, academy, college or university in the Philippines or abroad which is accredited or recognized by the CHED; B (d) A registered Agricultural and Biosystems Engineer with a valid professional license and an active practitioner for not less than ten (10) years prior to his/her appointment; (e) Must not, for a period of three (3) consecutive years prior to the appointment, be a member of the faculty of, directly or indirectly, any school, academy, institute, college or university where a regular course in A gricultural Engineering or Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering is being taught; or have any pecuniary interest, directly or indirectly, in or administrative supervision over any such institutions of learning; (f) Must not, for a period of three (3) consecutive years prior to the appointment, be connected with a review center or any group or association where review classes or lectures in preparation for the licensure examination are offered or conducted at the time of appointment; (g) Must be a member in good standing of the AIPO for at least five (5) years, but not an incumbent officer or trustee thereof; and (h) Has never been convicted of any offense involving moral turpitude. S ec. 8. Term of Office. - The Chairperson and two (2) members of the Board shall hold office for a term of three (3) years from the date of their appointment and until their successors shall have been appointed and qualified. The first Board under this Act shall hold these terms of office: the Chairperson for three (3) years; the first member for two (2) years; and the second member for one (1) year: Provided, That 10 any appointee to a vacancy with an unexpired term shall only serve such period. The Chairperson or a member of the Board may be reappointed to their positions for another term of three (3) years immediately after the expiry of their terms: Provided, further, That the holding of such position shall not be for more than two (2) terms nor more than six (6) years, whichever is longer. The Chairperson and two (2) members of the Board shall take their oath of office prior to entering upon the performance of duty. Sec. 9. Compensation and Allowances of the Board. — The Chairperson and members of the Board shall receive compensation and allowances comparable to the compensation and allowances being received by the Chairpersons and members of existing Professional Regulatory Boards under the PRC as provided for in the General Appropriations Act. Sec. 10. Vacancy and Removal of Board Members. — Any vacancy occurring in the Board within the term of a member shall be filled for the unexpired portion of the term only. The President may remove the Chairperson or any member of the Board on the following grounds; (a) Gross neglect, incompetence or dishonesty in the discharge of duty; (b) Violation or tolerance of the violation of this Act or the Code of Ethics for agricultural and biosystems engineering: (c) Involvement in the manipulation, tampering or rigging of the licensure examination, its questions and/or its results, and in the disclosure of classified and confidential information pertaining to the licensure examination; (d) Final judgment for crimes involving moral turpitude: and (e) Unprofessional, unethical, immoral or dishonorable conduct. II The Chairperson or member concerned shall be given due notice and hearing where his/her right to be heard and to defend himself, assisted by a counsel, shall be respected in the proper administrative investigation. S ec. 11. Powers and Duties of the Board. - The Board shall exercise the following specific powers, functions and duties: (a) Promulgate and adopt the rules and regulations necessary for carrying out the provisions of this Act; (b) Supervise the registration, licensure and practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering in the Philippines; (c) Administer oaths of successful examinees entering the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering; (d) Issue the certificate of registration to successful examinees; (e) Issue, suspend or revoke the hcense for the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering profession; (f) Adopt an official seal of the Board; (g) Look into the conditions affecting the practice of the agricultural and biosystems engineering profession through the conduct of ocular inspections and monitoring in agricultural and biosystems engineering offices, plants or establishments, both public and private, and in the case of schools, in coordination with the CHED and/or the concerned SUCs, and w henever necessary adopt such m easures, including promulgation of agricultural and biosystems engineering standards, rules and regulations, and best practices for the enhancement and maintenance of high professional and ethical stan d ard s of the profession, and the form ulation and implementation of agricultural and biosystems engineering profession development plan/road map; (h) Prescribe and/or adopt, and enforce a Code of Ethical and Professional Standards for the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering profession; 12 (i) Hear and try administrative cases involving violations of this Act, its implementing rules and regulations, the Code of Ethics for agricultural and biosystems engineers and for this purpose, to issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum to secure the appearance of witnesses and the production of documents in connection therewith; (j) Prescribe guidelines in the CPD program for agricultural and biosystems engineers in coordination with the AIPO of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineers; (k) Ensure, in coordination with the CHED and/or SUCs, th a t all educational in stitutions offering ag ricu ltu ral and biosystems engineering education comply with the policies, standards and requirements of the course prescribed by the CHED in the areas of curriculum, faculty, library and facilities; (l) Prepare, adopt, issue or amend the syllabi of the subjects for examinations including its Table of Specifications in consultation with the academe, and cause the determination and preparation of questions for the licensure examination which shall strictly be within the scope of the syllabi of the subjects for examinations, as well as administer, correct and release the result of the hcensure examinations; (m) Approve, issue, hmit or revoke temporary/special perm it (TSP) to practice agricultural and biosystems engineering; (n) Issue a cease or desist order to any person, association, partnership, corporation or cooperative engaged in violation of any of the provisions of this Act, any agricultural and biosystems engineering standards and/or rules or regulations duly promulgated by the Board as part of the rules governing the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering in the Philippines; (o) Punish for contempt of the Board, both direc't and indirect, in accordance with the pertinent provision of, and penalties prescribed by, the Rules of Court; 13 (p) Perform regulatory, administrative, and quasi-legislative functions as mandated under Republic Act No. 8981, otherwise known as the “PRC Modernization Act of 2000”, and such other functions as may be necessary to implement the provisions of this Act; (q) Discharge such other duties and functions as may be deemed necessary for the enhancement of the agricultural and biosystems engineering profession and the upgrading, development and growth of agricultural and biosystems engineering education in the Philippines; and (r) Accreditation of specialty organization. All policies, resolutions, rules and regulations of the Board shall be subject to the review and approval of the Commission. S e c. 12. Supervision of the Board; Custodian of its Records, Secretariat and Support Services. - The Board shall be under the administrative control and supervision of the Commission. All records of the Board, including applications for examination, examination papers and results, minutes of dehberation, administrative cases and other investigations involving agricultural and biosystems engineers shall be kept by the Commission. The Commission shall designate the Secretary of the Board and shall provide the secretariat and other support services to implement the provisions of this Act. Sec. 13. Annual Report. - The Board shall, at the close of each calendar year, submit an annual report to the President through the Commission giving a detailed account of its proceedings and accomplishments during the year and making recommendations for the adoption of measures that will upgrade and improve the conditions affecting the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering in the Philippines. 14 ARTICLE III EXAMINATION, REGISTRATION AND LICENSE S ec. 14. Examination Required. - All applicants for registration for the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering shall be required to undergo and pass the licensure examination as provided for in this Act. Sec. 15. Qualification of an Applicant for Examinations. - Every apphcant for the examination for agricultural and biosystems engineers shall have the following qualifications: (a) A citizen of the Phihppines or a foreign citizen whose country or State has a policy on reciprocity in the practice of the profession; (b) A graduate of Bachelor of Science in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering or its equivalent, or Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering prior to or after ten (10) years after the approval of this Act, in a school, academy, institute, college or university or an institution duly recognized by the CHED; and (c) Of good moral character. S ec. 16. Fraudulent Application. - The Board may suspend or revoke any certificate of registration obtained through m isrepresentation made in the application for examination. S e c. 17. Scope of Exam ination. - The licensure examination for agricultural and biosystems engineers shall cover the required competencies for the eptry level of the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering and shall include the following subjects: (a) Agricultural and Biosystems Power, Energy and Machinery Engineering which include agricultural power and bio-energy, machine design and analysis, m achinery m anagem ent and m echanization of ag ric u ltu ra l and bioproduction systems; 15 (b) Land and Water Resources Engineering which include agrometeorology, irrigation and drainage engineering, soil and water conservation, and aquaculture engineering; (c) A gricultural and Biosystem s S tru c tu re s and Environment Engineering which include agricultural structures engineering, forest engineering, design and management of agricultural and biosystem structures, and bio-environmental design; (d) Agricultural and Bioprocess Engineering which include refrigeration and cold storage, agri-industrial and biosystems application of electrical energy and electronics, agricultural products process engineering, and food and bio-based products process engineering; (e) Project Management, Feasibility Study Preparation/ Evaluation, Research, Development and Extension on Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering; (f) Fundamentals of Agricultural, Fishery, Ecological and Environmental Sciences; (g) Mathematics and Basic Engineering Principles; (h) Laws, Professional Standards and Ethics; and (i) Other subjects within the areas of competencies required for the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering profession pursuant to Section 5 of this Act. The said subjects and their syllabi may be periodically amended by the Board so as to conform with the latest technological changes brought about by continuing trends in the profession. Sec. 18. Rating in the Board Examinations. —To be qualified as having passed the Board exam ination for agricultural and biosystems engineers, a candidate must obtain a weighted general average of seventy percent (70%), with no grades lower than fifty-five percent (55%) in any given subject. However, an examinee who obtains a weighted general 16 average rating of seventy percent (70%) or higher, but obtains a rating below fifty-five percent (55%) in any given subject, must retake the examination in the subject or subjects where he/she obtained a grade below fifty-five percent (55%) and must obtain a grade or grades in the said subject or subjects of not lower than fifty-five percent (55%). Sec. 19. Report of Ratings. - The Board shall submit to the Commission the ratings obtained by each candidate within ten (10) days after the examination, unless extended for ju st cause. Upon the release of the results of the examination, the Board shall send by mail the rating received by each examinee at his/her given address using the mailing envelope submitted during the examination. Sec. 20. Reexamination. - An apphcant who fails to pass the examination for the third time shall be allowed to take another examination only after the lapse of one (1) year and only after having undertaken a refresher program in a duly accredited institution. The Board shall issue guidefines on the refresher program requirement. S e c. 21. Oath. - All successful candidates in the examination shall be required to take their oath before the Commission, the Board or any government official authorized to administer oaths, prior to entering upon the practice of the agricultural and biosystems engineering profession. S ec. 22. Issuance of Certificate of Registration and Professional Identification Card. — (a) A certificate of registration (COR) shall be issued to those who are registered after payment of fees prescribed by the Commission. It shall bear the signatures of the Chairperson of the Commission and of the Chairperson and members of the Board, stamped with the official seal of the Commission and of the. Board, certifying that the person named therein is entitled to the practice of the profession, with all the privileges appurtenant thereto. Until withdrawn, revoked or suspended in accordance, with this Act, the COR shall remain in full force and effect. (b) A professional identification card bearing the registration number and its validity and expiry dates duly signed by the Chairperson of the Commission shall likewise be issued to every registrant who has paid the prescribed fees. 17 and has submitted a certificate of membership in good standing from the AIPO and proof of com pletion of the CPD requirements. The said card shall be renewed every three (3) years, subject to requirement/s as the Board may thereafter prescribe and upon proof of completion of the mandatory CPD requirements. Once registered, the agricultural and biosystems engineer may use Engr. as the official appendage title. No person shall practice agricultural and biosystems engineering in the country unless such person has secured a license to practice agricultural and biosystems engineering in the manner herein provided. S ec. 23. Refusal to Register. - The Board shall not register any successful applicant for registration with or without licensure examination who has been: (a) Convicted of an offense involving moral turpitude by a court of competent jurisdiction; (b) Found guilty of immoral or dishonorable conduct by the Board; (c) Adjudged guilty for violation of the G eneral Instructions to Examinees by the Board; (d) Declared of unsound mind by a court of competent jurisdiction; and (e) Proven to be afilicted with addiction to drug or alcohol impairing one’s ability to practice the profession through a finding to this effect by a medical or drug testing facility accredited by the government. In refusing such registration, the Board shall give the apphcant a written statement setting forth the reasons therefor and shall file a copy thereof in its records. Sec. 24. Revocation or Suspension of the Certificate of Registration and Cancellation of Temporary/Special Permit (TSP). —The Board shall have the power, upon notice and 18 hearing, to revoke or suspend the COR of a registered and hcensed agricultural and biosystems engineer or to cancel TSP granted to a foreign agricultural and biosystems engineer, for the same grounds enumerated in Section 23 of this Act, except paragraph (c) thereof, and any of the following grounds: (a) Violation of any provision of this Act, implementing rules and regulations. Code of Ethics, Code of Technical Standards for the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering, and of policies and regulatory measures of the Board and/or the Commission; (b) Perpetration or use of fraud in obtaining his/her COR, professional identification card, and TSP; (c) Gross incompetence, neghgence or ignorance in the conduct of the profession resulting to death, injury of persons and/or damage to property; (d) Unjustified refusal to join or to remain a member in good standing of the AIPO; (e) Unjustified or unexplained neglect or failure to pay the annual registration fees for five (5) consecutive years; (f) Unjustified or unexplained non-renewal of the professional identification card after the lapse of five (5) consecutive years; (g) A iding or ab ettin g the illegal practice of a non-registered and unficensed agricultural and biosystems engineer by, among others, allowing him/her to use his/her COR and/or professional identification card or his/her TSP; (h) Practicing the profession during his/her suspension from the practice thereof; and (i) Addiction to a drug or alcohol abuse impairing his/her abihty to practice his/her profession or being declared of unsound mind by a court of competent jurisdiction. The Board shall periodically evaluate the aforementioned grounds and revise or add new ones as the need arises subject 19 to approval by the Commission in order to meet the trends and developments in the profession. S e c. 25. Reissuance of Revoked COR, Replacement of Lost or Damaged COR, Professional Identification Card or Temporary/ Special Permit. —The Board may, upon petition, reinstate or reissue a revoked COR after two (2) years from the effectivity of the revocation, which is reckoned from the date of surrender of the said certificate and/or the professional identification card to the Board and/or the Commission. The Board may not require the holder thereof to take another licensure examination. The petitioner shall prove to the Board th at he/she has valid reasons to resume the practice of his/her profession. For the grant of his/her petition, the Board shall issue a Board Resolution subject to approval by the Commission. A dupbcate copy of a lost COR, professional identification card or TSP may be reissued in accordance with rules thereon and upon payment of the prescribed fee therefor. ARTICLE IV P ractice of Agricultural and Biosystems E ngrineering S e c. 26. Vested Right. —Automatic Registration of Practicing Agricultural and Biosystems Engineers. — All agricultural engineers who are registered under Republic Act No. 8559 at the time this Act takes effect, shall automatically be registered as agricultural and biosystems engineers. S e c. 27. Seal and Use of Seal. — (a) Each registrant shall, upon registration, obtain a seal of such design as the Board may adopt and prescribe. Plans and specifications prepared by, or under the direct supervision of a registered agricultural and biosystems engineer, shall be stamped with said seal during the validity of the professional license. No person shall stamp or seal any document with the seal of a registrant after his/her professional hcense has expired or lost its validity unless he/she has been reinstated to the practice and/or unless his/her license has been renewed. 20 (b) No officer or employee of the government, chartered cities, provinces and municipalities now or hereinafter charged with the enforcement of laws, ordinances or regulations relating to the implementation, construction, repair, operation and maintenance, testing and evaluation of agricultural and hiosystems buildings, structures, machineries and equipment, irrigation, soil and water conservation structures and other agricultural and hiosystems engineering facihties, shall accept or endorse any plans, designs, specifications or project studies which have not been prepared and submitted in full accord with the provisions of this Act, nor shall any payment be approved by any such Officer for any work, the plans and specifications of which have not been so prepared, signed and sealed by a duly registered agricultural and biosystems engineer. This provision shall be im plem ented by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and Local Building Officials in the issuance of building permits and certificate of occupancy under the National Building Code, and by all concerned national government entities and local government units (LGUs) in the procurement and in the discharge of their regulatory and auditing functions pertaining to a g ric u ltu ra l and biosystem s buildings, stru c tu re s, m achineries and equipment, irrigation, soil and w ater conservation structures, and other agricultural and biosystems engineering facilities/projects. (c) No agricultural and biosystems engineer shall sign his/her name, affix his/her seal or use any other method of signature on plans, designs, specifications or other documents made by or under another agricultural and biosystems engineer’s supervision unless the same is made in such manner as to clearly indicate the part of such work actually performed by him/her, and no person, except the agricultural and biosystems engineer-in-charge shall sign for any branch of the work or any function of agricultural and biosystems engineering practice not actually performed by him/her. The agricultural and biosystems engineer-in-charge shall be fully responsible for all plans, designs, specifications and other documents issued under his/her seal or authorized signature. The Board shall formulate, adopt and promulgate all necessary rules and regiilations for the effective implementation of the provisions relating to the design of the seal, the signing and sealing of drawings, reports and other documents by agricultural and biosystems engineers. 21 (d) Drawings, plans, designs and specifications duly signed, stamped or sealed as instruments of service are the property and documents of the agricultural and biosystems engineer, whether the projects for which they were made is executed or not. No person without the written consent of the agricultural and biosystems engineer or author of said documents, shall duplicate or make copies of said documents for use in the repetition of and for other projects, whether executed partly or in whole. (e) All drawings, plans, specifications and other documents and reports to be used for the design, construction, test and evaluation, research and extension of agricultural and biosystems buildings, structures, machineries and equipment, irrigation, soil and water conservation structures and other agricultural and biosystems engineering facihties/projects shall be signed and sealed by a Hcensed agricultural and biosystems engineer. Violation of any of the foregoing shall be ground for administrative and/or criminal action. Sec. 28. Indication of License Number and Professional Tax Receipt Number. - The agricultural and biosystems engineer shall be required to indicate his/her professional Hcense number, the duration of its validity, including the professional tax receipt number on the documents he/she signs, uses or issues in connection with the practice of his/her profession. Sec. 29. Firms, Partnerships, Corporations, Cooperatives, Associations and Foundations Engaged in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Practice. - A firm, partnership, corporation, cooperative, association or foundation may engage in the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering in the Phihppines: Provided, That it comphes with the following requirements: (a) The firm, partnership, corporation, cooperative, association or foundation applies for and is issued a COR by the Board and the Commission to engage in the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering in the Philippines: Provided, That the majority of the partners of the partnership are registered and licensed agricultural and biosystems engineers: Provided, further. That the majority of the 22 members of the board of directors or members of corporations or cooperatives shall be registered and licensed agricultural and biosystems engineers: and (b) The practice of the firm, partnership, corporation, cooperative, association or foundation in agricultural and biosystems engineering shall be carried out by duly registered and hcensed agricultural and biosystems engineers. S e c. 30. Integration of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineers. - The agricultural and biosystems engineering profession shall be integrated into one (1) national organization registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission which shall be recognized by the Board and the Commission as the one and only integrated and accredited association of agricultural and biosystems engineers. An agricultural and biosystem engineer duly registered with the Board shall autom atically become a member of the integrated and accredited association of agricultural and biosystems engineers, and shall receive the benefits and privileges appurtenant thereto upon payment of the required fees and dues. Membership in the integrated and accredited association shall not be a bar to membership in other associations of agricultural and biosystems engineers. Sec. 31. Foreign Reciprocity. - No foreign agricultural and biosystems engineer shall be issued a temporary hcense to practice the agricultural and biosystems engineering profession or consultancy thereof or be entitled to any of the rights and privileges under this Act unless the country of which he/she is a subject or citizen specifically permits Fdipino agricultural and biosystems engineers to practice within its territorial hmits on the same basis as the subjects or citizens of such foreign State or country. Se c. 32. T em porary/ Special P erm its for Foreign Agricultural and Biosystems Engineers. - The practice of foreign agricultural and biosystems engineers in the Philippines shall be limited to natural persons only and shall be governed by the provisions of Republic Act No. 8981, otherwise known as the “PRC Modernization Act of 2000”: Provided, That any foreign national who has gained entry in the Philippines to perform professional services as an agricultural and biosystems 23 engineer or render such services or prepare or produce such docum ents which are w ithin the scope of practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering as set forth in this Act such as, but not Umited to, being a consultant in foreign- funded or assisted project of the government or employed or engaged by Filipino or foreign contractors or private firms, whether or not the nomenclature of his/her profession is specifically called in his/her country of nationality as agricultural and biosystems engineer, but who does not meet or wish to comply with the requirements for admission to take the hcensure examinations shall, before assuming the duties, functions and responsibilities as agricultural and biosystems engineer or consultant, secure temporary/special permit from the Board, subject to the approval of the Commission to practice his/her profession in connection with the project to which he/she was commissioned: Provided, further, That the following conditions are satisfied: (a) That he/she is a citizen or subject of a country which specifically permits Filipino professionals to practice their profession within the territorial limits on the same basis as the subjects or citizens of such foreign country or State; (b) That he/she is legally qualified to practice agricultural and biosystems engineering in his/her own country, and that his/her expertise is necessary and advantageous to the Philippines, particularly in the aspects of technology transfer and specialization; and (c) That he/she shall be required to work with a Fdipino counterpart, a natural person who is a registered and hcensed agricultural and biosystems engineer, and professional services fees and expenses of documentation pertaining to the project shall be proportionately shared by both foreign and Filipino agricultural and biosystems engineers, including Labilities and taxes due to the Phihppine government, if any, relative to his/her participation therein, or professional services rendered to the project in accordance with established rules and regulations. 24 S ec. 33. Positions in Government and Private Firms and E stablishm ents with A gricultural and Biosystems Engineering Functions. - Only registered and licensed agricultural and biosystems engineers with valid PRC license shall be appointed or designated to aU positions in government and private firms and establishments with agricultural and biosystems engineering functions and responsibilities, which shall include, but not be hmited to, the following: (a) All levels of engineer positions in the Agricultural Engineering or Agricultural and Fishery Engineering and Forest Engineering Bureau/Division/Section/Unit of the Department of Agriculture (DA), LGUs, and in the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and other concerned government entities whose duties, functions and responsibihties constitute the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering pursuant to Section 5 of this Act; (b) All levels of instructor/professor positions in public and private schools, colleges and universities whose main duties and functions involve the teaching of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering subjects for A gricultural and Biosystems Engineering Degree, Agriculture/Agribusiness Degree, Fisheries Degree and other related curriculum or degrees; (c) All levels of science research specialist/assistant positions in government and private institutions whose main duties and functions involve research and development and training and extension on agricultural and biosystems engineering; (d) Head or assistant head, director or manager and other executive positions of agricultural or.agricultural and biosystems or agricultural and fisheries engineering or aquaculture engineering or forest engineering group, unit, section, division, bureau, department, center and branch in all national governm ent departm ents or agencies, government-owned and -controlled corporations, LGUs and colleges and universities, private offices, firms and estabhshments; 25 (e) Head or assistant head, director or manager and other executive positions of a group, unit, section, division, bureau, department, center or branch of any of the specialized areas of agricultural and biosystems engineering in government and private firms, offices and establishments; (f) All levels of planning officer, project evaluation officer, project development officer, development management officer, environmental management specialist and technical audit speciahst positions in government and private firms and offices that deal with, or undertake any of the specialized areas of agricultural and biosystems engineering or its main functions and responsibilities which involve the planning, project development, evaluation, inspection, monitoring and technical audit of agricultural and biosystems infrastructure, facilities, m achineries and processes and other agricultural and bioystems engineering facilities; and (g) All professional and sub-professional positions either supervisory or non-supervisory and career executive positions in government, and all other positions in private firms, establishments and enterprises whose duties, functions and responsibilities mainly constitute the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering. Moreover, registered and licensed agricultural and biosystems engineers may also qualify for appointment in all positions in government and private firms and establishments whose duties and functions partly constitute the practice of agricultural and biosystems engineering. This include, among others, Provincial/City/Municipal Engineer, Agriculturist, Building Official, Environment and Natural Resources Officer, and Planning and Development Officer of the LGUs, subject to the candidate’s comphance with the rest of the requirements imposed by the law or issuance creating the said positions. SEC. 34. Personnel Required. - (a) AH concerned national governm ent agencies, LGUs and SUCs im plem enting, regulating, funding and undertaking research, development, training and extension, testing, evaluation and inspection as well as technical audit of irrigation, farm mechanization, post h a rv e st and agro-processing facilities, a g ric u ltu ra l and biosystems infrastructures, farm -to-m arket roads, agro-meteorology, forest mechanization development programs, 26 and environmental protection and conservation programs and projects shall employ the required number of agricultural and biosystems engineers, and for this purpose, create various levels of agricultural and biosystems engineer positions; (b) All a g ric u ltu ra l and biosystem s engineering facihties/projects supervised and maintained or accredited by the government such as grain/agro-processing complex, slaughterhouse, communal and national irrigation system, agricultural machinery and equipment service centers, and testing and evaluation centers must have at least one (1) registered and hcensed agricultural and biosystems engineer; (c) Firms, companies, partnerships, cooperatives or associations which are engaged in the installation, fabrication, manufacture, distribution or sale of agricultural and biosystems machinery and equipment, facihties and other agricultural and biosystems engineering processes, shall hire or engage the services of at least one (1) Ucensed agricultural and biosystems engineer; (d) All contractors of irrigation, farm-to-market roads and agricultural and biosystems structures and facihties shah have at least one (1) registered and licensed agricultural and biosystems engineer as part of their sustaining technical employees; and (e) The following offices and estabhshments shall also employ or engage the services of at least one (1) or the required number of registered and hcensed agricultural and biosystems engineers: (1) Agro-processing estabhshments such as rice mills, feed mills, sugar mihs, coconut oh mills, fiber extraction processing plants, meat processing plants, fish processing plants, poultry and m eat processing plants, food processing plants and agricultural and fishery products storage facihties; (2) Agro-industrial firms or estabhshments, corporations and cooperatives and government entities engaged in agricultural, hvestock, poultry and fishery production and processing, the operation and maintenance of plant/forest nurseries and parks, and other agricultural and biosystems engineering endeavors; 27 (3) Financing and banking institutions engaged in providing credit and financial assistance on agribusinesses which are commercial in nature such as irrigation, post harvest facilities, agro-processing and storage, forest products, aquaculture, food and fiber production facilities and machineries; and (4) Consultancy firms, foundations, nongovernment organizations and other organized groups engaged in providing agricultural and biosystems engineering services relative to m anagem ent and consultancy, training and extension, research and development and/or the provision of irrigation, post harvest facilities, agro-processing and storage, forest products, aquaculture, food and fiber production facilities and machineries and soil and water conservation. Provided, That there shall be no understaffing and/or overloading of agricultural and biosystems engineers. The ratio of agricultural and biosystems engineers to clientele shall be such as to reasonably effect a sustained quahty of agricultural and biosystems engineering services at all times without overworking the agricultural and biosystems engineers. The Board shall promulgate guidelines and standards on the required manpower complement of agricultural and biosystems engineers in concerned pubhc and private offices and estabhshments. SEC. 35. National Career Progression and Specialization Program. - There shall be an institutionalized national agricultural and biosystems engineering career progression and specialization program to be formulated by the Board in consultation with the AIPO, Civil Service Commission and concerned governm ent agencies: Provided, T h at any agricultural and biosystems engineer before being allowed to work in specialty areas to perform beyond generalist function or have specific specialties, must finish the formal education or training towards speciaUzation, possess recognized practice competencies and must be certified by the Board and must be a member of a relevant and accredited agricultural and biosystem s specialty organization: Provided, fu rth er. That agricultural and biosystems engineering specialty organizations shall be recognized and certified by the Board. 28 The A gricultural and Biosystem s E ngineering Specialization shall include, but not limited to, the following: (a) Agricultural and Biosystems Power and Machinery; (b) Irrigation and Drainage Engineering; (c) Soil and Water Conservation Engineering: (d) Agricultural and Biosystems Buildings and Structures; (e) Agricultural and Bio-process Engineering; (f) Food Engineering; (g) Renewable/Bio-Energy and Farm Electrification; (h) Agricultural and Biological Waste Management; (i) Aquacultural Engineering; (j) Forest Engineering; (k) A gricultural and Biosystems Automation and Instrumentation; (l) Agricultural and Bio-Information System; (m) Agrometeorology; and (n) Agricultural and Biological Resource Conservation and Management. S ec. 36. Code of Technical Standards. - The existing Phihppine Agricultural Engineering Standards (PAES) shall be transformed into a Philippine Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Standards (PABES) and shall serve as Code of Technical Standards of all registered and hcensed agricultural and biosystems engineers in the practice of their profession. The Board, in collaboration with the AIPO of agricultural and biosystems engineers, the DA, the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), the DENR and other concerned government agencies and private organizations, shall develop new standards and update the existing standards under the PABES. r 29 ARTICLE V A gricultural and biosystem s E ng ineering E ducation and Continuing pro fessiona l E ducation /D evelopment Se c. 37. Curriculum Development and Updating. —The CHED, in consultation with the Board and the industry stakeholders and concerned SUCs, shall develop and continuously update the A gricultural and Biosystems E ngineering C urriculum in accordance w ith required competencies on the practice of the profession prescribed under this Act, in order to ahgn with international standards of agricultural and biosystems engineering education and practice, and to become responsive to the industry requirements. The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) shall hkewise include in its program, the development and promulgation of competency standards and training programs and regulations for agricultural and biosystems engineering technicians and operators. Sec. 38. Rationalization and Upgrading Program. - The CHED in collaboration with the Board, the DA, the DENR, the DOST, the TESDA, the concerned SUCs and the Department of Education (DepEd) and in consultation with the industry stakeholders, shall formulate and implement a rationalization and upgrading program on agricultural and biosystems engineering education in the country with the end view of upgrading and modernizing school facilities and equipment, faculty development and training, provision of scholarships, developing ladderized program on agricultural and biosystems engineering and other developmental undertakings to produce globally competitive agricultural and biosystems engineering graduates, professionals, technicians and operators. In line with this, all concerned Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) shall formulate and implement their A gricultural and Biosystems Engineering Education Competitiveness Road Map as part of the Philippme Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Profession Development Plan/Road Map and shall serve as one of the basis in the provision of grants from the government for the upgrading program. 30 Sec. 39. Career Guidance and Advocacy. - The Board and the Commission, in collaboration with the DOLE, the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration, the CHED, the DepEd, the DA, the DENR, the Department of Trade and Industry, the AIPO and other concerned government agencies and private organizations, shall formulate and implement a Career Guidance and Advocacy Program on Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering. The Program shall include the conduct of research studies on the supply and demand and qualifications of the agricultural and biosystems engineering profession, both local and abroad, employment promotion and entrepreneurship assistance for Filipino agricultural and biosystems engineers, and integration of the practical apphcation of agricultural and biosystems engineering in basic education. Sec. 40. Continuing Professional Development (CPD). — The Board and the Commission, in consultation with the academe, AIPO, concerned governm ent agencies and stakeholders, shall prescribe guidehnes in the implementation of the CPD programs for agricultural and biosystems engineers. The CPD for every agricultural and biosystems engineer registered under the PRC is hereby made mandatory for the practice of the profession. The CPD credit units earned by the professional shall be required in the renewal of professional license and accreditation systems for advance level of practice and for ASEAN Chartered Professional Engineers, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Engineers and other international accreditations. The CPD credit units earned by an agricultural and biosystems engineer shall likewise be applied as the training requirement for promotion for positions in government agencies and private firms and for teaching positions in academic institutions, and shall be accumulated subject to credit transfer under the Pathways and Equivalencies of the Philippine Qualification Framework. 3! ARTICLE VI E nforcem ent of th is A ct and P enal pro visio ns S e c. 41. Enforcement. - It shall be the primary duty of the Commission and the Board to effectively implement and enforce the provisions of this Act and its implementing rules and regulations, conduct investigations on complaints including violations of the Code of Ethics and Professional Standards of the profession and prosecute the same when so warranted. Furtherm ore, all duly constituted law enforcement agencies and offices of national, provincial, city or municipal government, or of any pohtical subdivision thereof, shall, upon the call or request of the Board or the Commission, render assistance in enforcing the provisions of this Act and prosecute any person violating the provisions of the same. Any person may bring before the Commission, Board, or the aforementioned officers of the law, cases of illegal practice or violations of this Act committed by any person or party. The Board shall assist the Commission in filing the appropriate charges through the concerned prosecution office in accordance with law and Rules of Court. S e c. 42. Penalties. —In addition to the administrative sanctions imposed under this Act, any person who violates any of the provisions of this Act, or any of the following acts shall, upon conviction, be penalized by a fine of not less than one hundred thousand pesos (P100,000.00) but not more than five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00), or imprisonment of not less than six (6) months but not more than five (5) years, or both fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of the court; (a) Engaging in the practice of a g ricu ltu ral and biosystems engineering in the Philippines without being registered or without conforming to the provisions of this Act; (b) Presenting or attempting to use as his/her own the COR and/or professional identification card of another registered agricultural and biosystems engineer or a holder of a TSP; 32 (c) Giving any false or forged evidence of any kind to the Board, or impersonating any registered agricultural and biosystems engineer or a holder of a TSP; (d) Using a revoked or suspended COR; or an expired or unrenewed professional identification card or TSP; (e) Using in connection with his/her name or otherwise assuming, using or advertising any title or description tending to convey the impression that he/she is an agricultural and biosystems engineer without holding a valid COR and professional identification card or a valid TSP; (f) Implementing or causing the implementation of any plans, designs, technical specifications and other documents not prepared and signed by a registered ag ricultural and biosystems engineer in those cases where this Act specifically requires that these be prepared and signed by a registered agricultural and biosystems engineer; and (g) Violating any of the provisions of this Act and the rules and regulations thereof. In case the offender is a corporation, partnership, association, foundation or juridical person, the penalty of imprisonment shall be imposed on the agricultural and biosystems engineer-in-charge jointly and solidarily with the responsible professionals, as weU as the controlling officer or officers thereof responsible for permitting or causing the violation. ARTICLE VII Transitory and F inal P rovisions S e c. 43. Transitory Provision. - The incum bent Chairperson and members of the Board shall, in an interim capacity, continue to carry out their functions under the provisions of this Act without need for new appointments as Chairperson and members thereof until the first Board, created under this Act, shall have been constituted or organized pursuant thereto. mm mm 33 Sec. 44. Implementing Rules and Regulations. - Subject to the approval of the Commission, the Board shall adopt and promulgate such rules and regulations to carry out the provisions of this Act, which shall be effective after sixty (60) days following its publication in the Official Gazette or in a major daily newspaper of general circulation in the country. S ec. 45. Separability Clause. - If any clause, provision, paragraph or part hereof shall be declared unconstitutional or invalid, such judgment shall not affect, invalidate or impair any other part hereof, but such judgment shall be merely confined to the clause, provision, paragraph or part directly involved in the controversy in which such judgment has been rendered. Sec. 46. Repealing Clause. - All laws, decrees, executive orders and other administrative issuances and parts thereof which are inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby modified and/or superseded. Repubhc Act No. 8559 is hereby expressly repealed. Sec. 47. Effectiuity. - This Act shall take effect after fifteen (15) days following its pubUcation in the Official Gazette or in a major daily newspaper of general circulation in the Philippines, whichever comes first. Approved, FELICIANO Be l m o n t e : j r. RANKLIFTM. DRILO Speaker of the House Prvsident of the Senate of Representatives 34 This Act was passed by the Senate of the Philippines as Senate Bill No. 2434 on February 16, 2016 and adopted by the House of R epresentatives as an am endm ent to House Bill No. 6421 on May 23, 2016. Marilyn b. Biarua- Y ^ O S C A R trV A B E S Secretary General ^ Secretary of the Senate House of Representatives A p p ro v ed : B E N IG N O S. A Q U IN O III President of the Philippines O Lapsed in fo law on 2 1 2016 W ith o u t the sign a tu re o f th e P re s id e n t, In a c c o r d a n c e w ith A rticle VI, S ection ^ 7 (1) o f th e C onstitution.
