QUIZ.docx

Lifting Principles ------------------ The below 7 Lifting Principles need to be followed to ensure that lifting can be carried out successfully and safely: - **[Planning]:** **A robust plan for how to perform the lift is required**. Taking into account the specific requirements and load...

Lifting Principles ------------------ The below 7 Lifting Principles need to be followed to ensure that lifting can be carried out successfully and safely: - **[Planning]:** **A robust plan for how to perform the lift is required**. Taking into account the specific requirements and load characteristics of the lift, such as load weight, centre of gravity, required rigging, the people needed to carry out the lift safely, the intended load path, required configurations of the crane including crane hoist modes and any restrictions or care that needs to be observed. This plan shall be developed and approved by a competent person experienced in lifting. - **[Risk Assessment]:** **Make sure the risks are identified and mitigated.** All lifts are subject to a risk assessment. All HIRAs / TRAs and toolbox talks shall be conducted in accordance with PR-GL-HSE-029 -- Risk Assessment. - **[Competent Personnel]: Only competent personnel shall be involved in the lifting operations**. They require the necessary skills and knowledge to participate in the lift, including the safe operation of equipment and the need to be familiar with the specific procedures. - **[Adequate Equipment]: The lifting equipment needs to be suitable for the task**, certified and properly maintained. This includes cranes, slings, shackles, tuggers, and any other rigging equipment and accessories. Regular inspections and maintenance shall be carried out to ensure equipment integrity, functionality and certification status. - **[Clear Communication]:** **Establish communication channels**. All personnel involved in the lift, including Crane Operators, Deck Foreman, Riggers, and Spotters need to understand the protocols that will be used, including the use of standardised radio communications and hand signals. This also means recognising crew who do not speak English as their first language and the possibility of there being a language barrier if not addressed and managed. - **[Emergency Preparations]:** **Safe zones for all personnel must be established.** These need to be communicated and understood by the lifting team (including the safe haven distances required for divers when in diving mode). Well-defined emergency procedures need to be in place and all personnel involved must be familiar with them. This includes knowing how to respond to equipment failures, accidents, or any other unplanned events that may occur during the lift. - **[Personal Protective Equipment and Push Poles]:** **wear appropriate PPE and use Push Poles.** All personnel involved in the lifting operation shall wear appropriate PPE, such as hard hats, safety glasses, high-visibility clothing, appropriate gloves, and steel-toed boots. Push Poles are used to manoeuvre loads into the final position. By following these key principles, risks from the lifting operations can be significantly reduced and enhance the overall safety and efficiency of the operation. APPLICATION OF LIFTING STANDARDS AT WORKSITES ============================================= Captain ------- The Captain is ultimately responsible for the safety of the Vessel and all personnel on board, in accordance with International Shipping Legislation. They shall ensure that all lifting operations involving the Vessel are conducted safely and will, where necessary, provide permission prior to starting any lifting operation. The Captain retains ultimately responsibility for all activities onboard, in particular lifts that may have the ability to compromise the stability and integrity of the Vessel or cause damage to the cranes or other equipment. Offshore Manager ---------------- The Offshore Manager (OM) is responsible for all lifting operations connected with project execution, either on the Vessel or the quayside. Quayside lifting operations are covered by country legislation and do not fall under the scope of Vessel legislation. The OM is required to liaise with the Captain on project work activities. LIFT PLANNING ============= All lifts require the completion of a Lift Plan prior to the lift. Lifts shall be classified, planned and risk assessed using the appropriate Lift Plan form (see section 3.1). The purpose of the Lift Plan is to provide the people conducting the lift with critical information to enable the lift to be carried out safely, the minimum contents of the Lift Plan is listed in this section. There are three lifting categories: - **Simple** - **Complex** - **Engineered** **All Lift Plans are required to address the following topics:** - A summary of the lift to be conducted. - Load details. - Rigging information. - Communication protocols. - Crane configuration, including crane charts, hoist modes and position. - Load control information. - List and information of required lifting accessories. - Vessel stability or ground loading requirements for an onshore mobile crane (if required). - A list of Step-by-Step tasks. - Any special handling instructions i.e. protection of fragile parts, safety information etc. - If required, any supporting drawings or other information. Simple Lift ----------- Lifts that do not require support from the engineering organisation, they are lower risk and not complex, they are within the full competency of the lifting team (rigging team and Crane Operator). Complex Lift ------------ Lifts that do not require the technical support from any onshore engineering organisation and are within the competency of the lifting and rigging team and well within the limits of the crane and rigging arrangements, however they require additional steps to be carried out due to the increase in risk and complexity. ### Lifting principles and characteristics of a 'Complex' lift Engineered Lifts ---------------- ### Analysis Engineered lifts are complex and require detailed engineering, analysis, and calculations to determine if the lift is achievable: - With the selected asset including crane capacity. - Within expected environmental conditions. ### Step by Step Tasks Once it has been determined that the lift is achievable, a set of 'Step by Step' instructions are formed, this is done as Sub Task(s) within the overall Project Task Plan (PTP). It is vital to separate information into 'Lift Critical' and 'Supporting information'. A good Lift Plan will be easy to understand and follow. A guide on how to write the step-by-step description can be found in ref. GD-GL-ENG-002 - Writing Guidelines for Task Plans. It is required to engage with the Vessel or site operations team to ensure sufficient time is allowed to capture and incorporate operational feedback into the planning of Engineered lifts. ### Engineered Lift Plan Form The formation of an Engineered Lift Plan is the merging of the critical data from the Engineering analysis and the Step by Step tasks from the PTP, in order to provide those carrying out the lift with a clear set of instructions. There are two different Lift Plan forms for engineered Lifts: - Lift Plan for Engineered lift -- Crane FO-GL-ENG-LR-003 - Lift Plan for Engineered Lift -- Airbag FO-GL-ENG-LR-004 The relevant step by step description will be given in the sub task of the task plan and clearly referenced and attached to the Lift Plan Form during the offshore execution. Both the Task Plan and the Lift Plan form will be checked (SDC) by a Competent Lift Planner(s) (ref. 4.7) as part of the project document control approval process. This is to determine that the engineering, calculations, design and proposed installation method is correct. Offshore/Operational involvement during engineered Lift Planning ---------------------------------------------------------------- To ensure a safe and efficient project execution it is important to involve the Offshore/Operational community in the planning and review of engineered lifting operations. The project team should take steps to ensure a high level of engagement during the formation of the Lift Plan. This is required to be done in advance of any Vessel mobilisation or planned lifts on quaysides or yards. If approval in advance is not possible, then time shall be allocated for the Operations team to review the plan. Any changes that are required need to be managed by the application of the Management of Change process. ### Lifting principles and characteristics of an '**Engineered' lift** 1. The load is very heavy and requires very careful consideration to the ballasting so that both the load and the Vessel remains stable. 2. The load shape is highly complex and requires specially designed rigging. 3. The load requires special lifting points to be manufactured or identified. 4. The load requires special lifting frames to be designed to lift it. 5. The load requires the transfer from one lifting appliance to another. 6. Moveable COG e.g., the centre of gravity of a lift may change during the installation. 7. Lifts subsea involving airbags. 8. Tandem Lifts or lifts that combine more than one item of lifting appliance. 9. The load requires orientation control during loading / off loading, i.e., attachment of deck / crane tuggers. 10. A Load chart for the specific operation and the specific conditions planned (e.g., Harbor, internal Hs=1.5m, Ship to Ship Hs-2m, etc.) is not available and thus analysis of the operation dynamics is required. Onshore Crane Group Involvement ------------------------------- - Offshore lifting operations are equal to or exceed 90% of the selected hoist capacity (static or dynamic). - - - - twisting) effects may be present and need to be managed, if in doubt consult the in-house crane experts. Lift Planner (Competent Person) ------------------------------- The Lift Planner is defined as a specifically identified person who is designated by the 'Company' as having the combination of appropriate training, current skills, knowledge and experience to effectively plan and risk assess the specific lifting operation. As an example, for Simple and Complex lifts this person is typically Deck Forman or the designated Lift Planner for an onshore site. For Engineered lifts, the complexity of the lifts increases so a different approach is taken. Engineering Lift Planning example: - Formed by a project engineer. - SDC check by a formally appointed Lift Planner (competent person Ref. 4.7). - Formally agreed and accepted by the worksite. Competence & Training --------------------- Each BU/Country Engineering senior management team is required to define the legal and competency requirements for planning and approving of Engineered Lifts. It is mandatory to include 'Appointed Competent Lift Planners' during the SDC/IDC process for each Engineering Lift (irrespective of who drafts the Lift Plan). This shall include checking, design, calculations and methodology. The appointed person may be part of the project team. The definition of competence may vary by project, but typically will require an understanding of rigging design, experience of similar lifting operations offshore, as well as external training / certification if required for the region. Lateral Load Control -------------------- When a load is connected to the crane, personnel shall not handle or touch the load with any part of their body during the lift transit or laydown activities until the load has been fully landed and all potential energy has been released. The guidance of every load shall be considered during the Lift Planning phase and must be continually assessed during the execution of the lift to ensure that the safest method for guiding the load is utilised. ### Tugger Winch Lines In cases where loads are higher, guideposts, bumpers or tugger winches may be used. Details of such arrangements are provided in ST-GL-ENG-ST-023 - Overboarding Control of Structures. For tugger winches, the following rules shall also apply: - The appropriate checks or calculations shall be carried out to ensure the Working Load Limit (WLL) of the winch, wire rope and any other restraints are suitable for the dynamic loading. - The wire rope should be operating as close to horizontal as possible, to minimise additional vertical hook loads. - Protection/guard are required to eliminate the risk to people from a snapped wire, this includes the identification of safe/dangerous areas. - Constant Tension (CT) winches should be used whenever possible. However, the use of winches in CT mode shall be considered during the engineering of the lift and controlled by the Lift Supervisor. - Tuggers must not be used to deviate the crane wire from vertical unless subject to a specific Task Risk Assessment (TRA). Vessel Operating Limits & Stability ----------------------------------- Vessel movement is an important factor in the conduct of an offshore lift. ### Multi-Fall Operations in Deepwater Where subsea crane operations require double or multi-fall reeving configurations, there is a risk that the crane wires will become twisted in deep water situations, termed "cabling". All crane subsea lowering / raising operations, in a double or multi-fall reeving configuration **MUST** first be discussed with the P&OO Crane Group. LIFTING PERSONNEL ================= Personnel transfer operations using personnel carriers shall **ONLY** be undertaken in essential circumstances and where it is not reasonably practicable to transfer personnel by another less hazardous means. LIFTING APPLIANCES ================== Selection of Lifting Appliance ------------------------------ When planning a lift where lifting appliances will be used, due consideration shall be given to the allocation of the appropriate appliance and whether it may be fit for the intended purpose. Where appliances are within the lifting configuration, the following general issues shall be examined: - The item is sized for the expected dynamic load. - What purpose the item will be used (i.e. is it suitable for subsea use?). - Where is the appliance located within the overall lift configuration. - Is secondary rigging necessary. ### Chain Hoists - Chain Hoists may be used between the crane hook and a load to manoeuvre the load in connection with assembly or disassembly work **ONLY** and shall **NOT** be permitted for use as a load bearing element of a lifting assembly unless suitable secondary rigging is also attached in support of the Chain Hoist leg. LIFTING POINTS AND ACCESSORIES ============================== Management of Lifting Accessories --------------------------------- General Rules ------------- - It is unacceptable to load any lifting accessory above its static Safe Working Load (SWL) / Working Load Limit (WLL), irrespective of the Factor of Safety (FoS). - Lifting accessories used above their WLL must be removed from service, quarantined and returned onshore to be inspected. - Vessel specific slings must have a visible ID number as well as clear marking of SWL, WLL or Minimum Breaking Load (MBL). - Where local legislation allows, Engineered Lift rigging may be marked with the MBL only. Any project sling so marked must not be used for general purpose lifting until a Safety Factor (SF) assessment has been carried out following Engineering guidance. - Slings to be used in the UK sector must be marked with a WLL or equivalent. - Three and four leg slings must be fitted with a Master Quad Assembly, unless the Master Link is fitted with two bottom legs and one top lifting leg. - The maximum number of lifting legs allowed on a Master Link or a Quad Assembly sub link is two, to avoid out of plane forces. - Multi-leg slings must be marked with the SWL or WLL and show the angles between which it is rated. - All Master Links and main quad links, which link directly onto the crane hook, **MUST** have a suitable internal dimension to ensure they fit the larger crane hooks. Wire Slings ----------- The general rules for wire slings during lifting operations shall be subject to the below: - All wire slings must be made to a recognised international standard, which specifies the dimensions, construction, SWL/ Working Load Limit (WLL), testing and marking of wire rope unless supported by an engineering document. - General purpose, multi-usage wire slings shall be made with a minimum wire diameter of 13mm. - Hand spliced wire slings are **NOT** acceptable and shall not be used. - All wire slings used for wet storage of more than 21days must be fitted with steel ferrules, otherwise the sling set shall be replaced. Chain Slings ------------ - Chains and component arrangements **MUST** be constructed from alloy Grade 80 with a **Max.** Hardness of 38 Rockwell C. Synthetic Fibre Slings ---------------------- Due to the various sling construction types, materials used and any pre-use inspections, the discard criteria of synthetic fibre slings may differ between types and manufacturers. As such, synthetic slings should be considered as falling into two main categories, Type 1 and Type 2 as detailed below. Reference shall also be made to **ST-GL-ENG-LR-002 - Use of Fibre Rope and Synthetic Slings.** - Synthetic fibre slings must **NOT** be stored in direct sunlight because Ultraviolet (UV) may seriously degrade the fibres. - The loads, including dynamic factors, must be within the sling's certified WLL. - It is unacceptable to load a sling above its SWL / WLL irrespective of the FoS. Shackles -------- - Ensure that the correct original type of shackle bolt or pin is fitted. Under **NO** circumstance replace a lost shackle pin with a bolt. - In the case of Engineered Lifts, the Safety Factor (SF) may be lowered as a result of specific calculations based on the lift configuration. Hooks ----- - Crane hooks must be fitted with lockable latches. The profile of the hook may impact the Working Load Limit (WLL) of a grommet and shall be considered in the lift engineering. - Additional links such as crane pendants must be fitted with a self-locking safety hook for all applications below 20t. In certain applications, alternatives may be considered after thorough risk assessment. - Soft slings of ≤ 2t WLL must **NOT** be fitted directly to a safety hook (all self-locking types including ROV types) but via a shackle or master link to avoid the sling slipping through the jaw gap. - Snap hooks are **NOT** permitted in normal ROV operations due to their vulnerability to accidental release and snagging. They can only be used for specific applications where the risks are known not to be present. Swivel Hoist Rings ------------------ Swivel Hoist Rings **MUST** be fitted in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and particularly the instructions relating to lubrication to the bolt threads where this is stated. Padeyes ------- All padeyes shall be designed in accordance with a recognised engineering design standard and may be incorporated into the plate or beams of a structure or fixed directly by welding or bolting. Certification, Reports and Records ---------------------------------- The Project Engineer is responsible for maintaining the full certification package for any specific project rigging. Where such project equipment is retained on the Vessel after project completion, it must be re-colour coded and the appropriate certification transferred to the Chief Officer or Barge Foreman. The identified equipment shall be notified to the Deck Foreman for relocation and inclusion within the Vessels rigging store.