Quiz Set.docx

Quiz Set In which disease state is severely increased conjugated bilirubin observed? a. Hemolysis b. Erythroblastosis fetalis c. Neonatal jaundice d. Biliary obstruction The process in which lab aspects include patient information, specimen collection, equipment maintenance, and reporting is known a...

Quiz Set In which disease state is severely increased conjugated bilirubin observed? a. Hemolysis b. Erythroblastosis fetalis c. Neonatal jaundice d. Biliary obstruction The process in which lab aspects include patient information, specimen collection, equipment maintenance, and reporting is known as: a. Quality control b. System calibration c. Quality assurance d. System standardization Children over 1 year old can be pricked provided that it is in the 3rd or 4th finger. a. True b. False All of the following can be used in the UV range except: a. Hydrogen discharge b. Deuterium c. Tungsten d. All of the above Precipitating agents used in removing VLDL and LDL so that HDL will remain, except: a. Phosphotungstate/magnesium b. Citrate/fluoride c. Heparin/manganese d. Dextran sulfate Reflectance spectrophotometry is a principle used in: a. Technicon b. Kodak c. Du Pont d. Beckman The +/-2 SD acceptable for digoxin control is 2.0-2.6 ng/ml. On average, the value is expected to be greater than 2.6 ng/ml in 1 out of: a. 10 b. 20 c. 40 d. 100 Which of the following can detect random errors? a. 13s and R4s b. 22s and R4s c. 10mean and 12s d. None of the above The most specific dye binding technique for albumin is: a. Bromocresol blue b. Bromocresol purple c. Bromocresol green d. Tetraphenol blue The method used to compare past results with recent results is known as: a. Delta check b. Trend analysis c. Quality control d. None of the above BUN is 22 mg/dL. What is the SI value? a. 7.8 mmol/L b. 8.4 mmol/L c. 6.6 mmol/L d. 7.2 mmol/L Which hormone is responsible for converting inactive Vitamin D to Vitamin D3 and is important in calcium metabolism? a. Thyroxine b. Parathyroid hormone c. Epinephrine d. Calcitonin Enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to ammonium ion and bicarbonate: a. Catalase b. Urease c. Uricase d. None of the above The purpose of ampholytes in isoelectric focusing is to: a. Maintain the pH of the buffer b. Establish the pH gradient c. Establish current flow d. Keep proteins in a charged state Standard solution in measuring the icterus index is: a. Potassium dichromate 0.01% b. Potassium dichromate c. Sodium chloride d. None of the above How much sodium chloride must be dissolved to prepare 500 ml of a 5 molar solution (Given MW = 58.44 g)? a. 145.1 g b. 147.1 g c. 146.1 g d. 148.1 g Normal fasting blood sugar values are: a. 60-90 mg/dL b. 80-110 mg/dL c. 75-100 mg/dL d. 70-99 mg/dL In the Berthelot reaction, the contaminant that causes urea to be falsely elevated is: a. Ammonia b. Bacteria c. Urea d. None of the above Positioned at right angles in fluorescence spectrophotometry are: a. Primary and secondary monochromators b. Secondary monochromator and detector c. Primary monochromator and cuvette d. Secondary monochromator and cuvette The enzyme used in glucose polarographic oxygen electrode is: a. Glucose oxidase b. Hexokinase c. Peroxidase d. None of the above What is the specimen of choice for HbA1c measurement? a. Serum b. EDTA whole blood c. Plasma d. Capillary blood A deficiency in Vitamin B12 can lead to which condition? a. Iron deficiency anemia b. Pernicious anemia c. Hemophilia d. Sickle cell anemia The hormone responsible for increasing blood glucose levels is: a. Insulin b. Glucagon c. Cortisol d. Epinephrine Which of the following is the primary extracellular cation? a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Calcium d. Magnesium A common method used to determine serum cholesterol is: a. Electrophoresis b. Immunoassay c. Enzymatic method d. Turbidimetry What is the purpose of a blank in a spectrophotometric assay? a. To calibrate the instrument b. To correct for instrument drift c. To account for background absorbance d. To check for linearity Which of the following anticoagulants is most commonly used for coagulation studies? a. EDTA b. Sodium citrate c. Heparin d. Potassium oxalate Which enzyme's activity is commonly measured to assess liver function? a. Amylase b. Lipase c. ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) d. LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase) The principle of nephelometry is based on: a. Light scattering by particles in suspension b. Absorbance of light by solutes c. Emission of light by excited atoms d. Reflection of light by surfaces Which of the following is a tumor marker for prostate cancer? a. CEA b. CA-125 c. PSA d. AFP A hemolyzed sample can interfere with the measurement of: a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Calcium d. Glucose The method commonly used to measure serum total protein is: a. Turbidimetry b. Biuret method c. Nephelometry d. Chromatography What is the main purpose of a control in clinical chemistry? a. To calibrate the instrument b. To ensure accuracy and precision of results c. To clean the instrument d. To detect interference Which of the following is the gold standard for measuring blood glucose levels? a. Reflectance spectrophotometry b. Immunoassay c. Hexokinase method d. Glucose oxidase method Which analyte is measured to assess kidney function? a. ALT b. Creatinine c. Amylase d. Bilirubin The anion gap is calculated using which of the following electrolytes? a. Sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate b. Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate c. Sodium, potassium, and chloride d. Potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate Which of the following enzymes is increased in myocardial infarction? a. Amylase b. Lipase c. CK-MB (Creatine kinase-MB) d. ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) The primary use of the Westergren method is to measure: a. Hematocrit b. Hemoglobin c. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) d. Reticulocyte count What is the principle of the Jaffe reaction used for? a. Bilirubin measurement b. Creatinine measurement c. Glucose measurement d. Uric acid measurement The enzyme primarily involved in the conversion of starch to glucose is: a. Lipase b. Amylase c. Protease d. Lactase What is the anticoagulant of choice for blood gas analysis? a. EDTA b. Heparin c. Sodium citrate d. Potassium oxalate Which of the following is a marker for chronic inflammation? a. Troponin b. Myoglobin c. CRP (C-reactive protein) d. BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) A common cause of falsely elevated serum potassium levels is: a. Delayed processing b. Hemolysis c. Lipemia d. Icterus What does the abbreviation TIBC stand for? a. Total Iron Binding Concentration b. Total Intracellular Binding Capacity c. Total Iron Binding Capacity d. Total Ion Binding Concentration Which of the following enzymes is used as a marker for pancreatic function? a. ALT b. AST c. Lipase d. LDH Which test is used to monitor long-term glucose control in diabetic patients? a. Fasting blood glucose b. HbA1c c. OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) d. Random blood glucose The reagent used in the Jaffe reaction is: a. Picric acid b. Phosphotungstic acid c. Sulfosalicylic acid d. Hydrochloric acid Which of the following is an example of a preanalytical error? a. Instrument calibration b. Improper sample collection c. Incorrect data entry d. Misinterpretation of results The measurement of serum ketones is useful in the diagnosis of: a. Hyperthyroidism b. Hypoglycemia c. Diabetic ketoacidosis d. Cushing's syndrome Which of the following is a major cation in intracellular fluid? a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Calcium d. Chloride A high anion gap is indicative of: a. Metabolic acidosis b. Metabolic alkalosis c. Respiratory acidosis d. Respiratory alkalosis The primary buffer system in the blood is: a. Phosphate buffer b. Bicarbonate buffer c. Protein buffer d. Hemoglobin buffer Which of the following lipoproteins is considered "good" cholesterol? a. LDL b. VLDL c. IDL d. HDL What is the specimen of choice for arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis? a. Venous blood b. Capillary blood c. Arterial blood d. Plasma The measurement of serum albumin is important in assessing: a. Liver function b. Nutritional status c. Renal function d. All of the above Which enzyme is measured to assess myocardial infarction and has a peak level at 12-24 hours after onset? a. AST b. ALT c. Troponin d. LDH The primary function of hemoglobin is to: a. Transport oxygen b. Transport carbon dioxide c. Act as a buffer d. Regulate blood pH Which of the following anticoagulants prevents clotting by chelating calcium? a. EDTA b. Heparin c. Sodium fluoride d. None of the above The reference method for measuring serum bilirubin is: a. Jaffe method b. Evelyn-Malloy method c. Biuret method d. Hexokinase method Which of the following is a measure of the average size of red blood cells? a. MCH b. MCHC c. MCV d. RDW The primary use of electrophoresis in clinical chemistry is to: a. Measure enzyme activity b. Measure glucose levels c. Separate and identify proteins d. Determine blood gas levels Which of the following is increased in obstructive liver disease? a. ALT b. ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) c. Amylase d. CK-MB Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with chronic renal failure? a. Hypernatremia b. Hyperkalemia c. Hypocalcemia d. Hypermagnesemia A positive nitrite test in urine indicates: a. Hematuria b. Bacterial infection c. Proteinuria d. Glycosuria The term "lipemia" refers to: a. High glucose levels in blood b. High lipid levels in blood c. High protein levels in blood d. High urea levels in blood Which of the following tests is used to assess the extrinsic pathway of coagulation? a. aPTT (activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) b. PT (Prothrombin Time) c. INR (International Normalized Ratio) d. Bleeding time The main buffer system used in plasma and red blood cells is: a. Bicarbonate b. Phosphate c. Hemoglobin d. Protein Which of the following proteins is a marker for myocardial damage? a. CK-MB b. LDH c. Myoglobin d. Troponin The major intracellular cation is: a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Calcium d. Magnesium Which of the following is a common method for measuring serum calcium? a. Jaffe reaction b. Biuret method c. Colorimetric method using o-cresolphthalein complexone d. Enzymatic method using hexokinase Which of the following conditions can cause metabolic acidosis? a. Diabetic ketoacidosis b. Vomiting c. Hyperventilation d. Hypokalemia What is the normal range for serum sodium? a. 135-145 mmol/L b. 135-145 mEq/L c. Both a and b d. 3.5-5.0 mmol/L Which of the following conditions can cause an elevated anion gap? a. Respiratory acidosis b. Metabolic alkalosis c. Lactic acidosis d. Hypoalbuminemia The most common cause of hypercalcemia is: a. Primary hyperparathyroidism b. Hypoparathyroidism c. Vitamin D deficiency d. Chronic kidney disease Which of the following is used to monitor heparin therapy? a. aPTT (activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) b. PT (Prothrombin Time) c. INR (International Normalized Ratio) d. D-dimer Which electrolyte is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure and fluid balance in the body? a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Calcium d. Magnesium Which of the following conditions can cause respiratory alkalosis? a. Diabetic ketoacidosis b. Renal failure c. Hypoventilation d. Hyperventilation The enzyme lipase is primarily used to diagnose: a. Pancreatitis b. Liver disease c. Myocardial infarction d. Kidney disease Which of the following conditions can cause hyperkalemia? a. Cushing's syndrome b. Addison's disease c. Hypoaldosteronism d. Both b and c The reference method for serum total protein measurement is: a. Biuret method b. Folin-Ciocalteu method c. Bradford method d. Lowry method Which of the following is a common cause of preanalytical variation in blood glucose measurement? a. Delayed processing b. Hemolysis c. Lipemia d. Icterus Which enzyme's activity is measured to assess the severity of pancreatitis? a. Amylase b. Lipase c. ALT d. AST What is the primary function of albumin in the blood? a. Act as a clotting factor b. Transport oxygen c. Maintain osmotic pressure d. Act as a hormone Which of the following conditions is associated with a low serum osmolality? a. Dehydration b. Overhydration c. Hypernatremia d. Hypoglycemia What is the primary role of HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) in the body? a. Transport triglycerides b. Store fat c. Transport cholesterol from tissues to the liver d. Transport cholesterol to tissues Which of the following is used to measure the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood? a. Hematocrit b. Hemoglobin c. RBC count d. Reticulocyte count Which of the following conditions can cause hyponatremia? a. Dehydration b. Excessive salt intake c. SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone) d. Cushing's syndrome The primary function of the kidneys in acid-base balance is to: a. Excrete CO2 b. Reabsorb bicarbonate c. Excrete chloride d. Reabsorb hydrogen ions Which of the following is a common cause of metabolic alkalosis? a. Prolonged vomiting b. Diabetic ketoacidosis c. Renal failure d. Lactic acidosis The measurement of serum TSH is important in diagnosing: a. Hyperparathyroidism b. Addison's disease c. Thyroid disorders d. Cushing's syndrome Which of the following is a marker for bone resorption? a. N-telopeptide b. Osteocalcin c. Alkaline phosphatase d. Calcium Which of the following is a measure of the body's ability to carry oxygen? a. RBC count b. Hemoglobin c. Hematocrit d. MCV What is the primary use of the Schilling test? a. Diagnose vitamin B12 deficiency b. Diagnose folic acid deficiency c. Measure intrinsic factor d. Assess liver function Which of the following conditions is associated with an increased level of uric acid? a. Diabetes mellitus b. Hyperthyroidism c. Gout d. Cushing's syndrome Which of the following is the main cation in extracellular fluid? a. Potassium b. Sodium c. Calcium d. Magnesium What is the primary use of serum amylase measurement? a. Diagnose myocardial infarction b. Assess liver function c. Diagnose pancreatitis d. Assess kidney function Which of the following is a common cause of a falsely low sodium measurement? a. Hyperlipidemia b. Hemolysis c. Lipemia d. Icterus Which of the following conditions can cause hypocalcemia? a. Hyperparathyroidism b. Vitamin D deficiency c. Addison's disease d. Hyperthyroidism Which enzyme is primarily used to assess liver function? a. CK b. ALT c. LDH d. Lipase What is the main purpose of the urea breath test? a. Diagnose liver function b. Detect Helicobacter pylori infection c. Assess kidney function d. Diagnose diabetes mellitus