Consumer Behavior Quiz PDF

1. What is deindividuation? A. A sense of identity within a group B. Lost sense of identity within a group C. A method of social loafing D. A type of risky shift 2. What is the consideration set in the evaluation of alternatives? A. Brands we decide on taking into consideration while maki...

1. What is deindividuation? A. A sense of identity within a group B. Lost sense of identity within a group C. A method of social loafing D. A type of risky shift 2. What is the consideration set in the evaluation of alternatives? A. Brands we decide on taking into consideration while making the purchase decision B. Brands we are aware of but do not recall C. Brands that we have never heard of D. Brands that we have already purchased 3. What is the primary market for children? A. Children spend their own money B. Parents buy what their kids tell them to buy C. Children influence their parents' decisions D. Children are not considered in the market 4. What does the term 'social loafing' refer to? A. Groups are more effective than individuals B. Less effort put into group achievement of the goal C. Increased individual effort in groups D. A method of decision-making 5. What is the role of opinion leaders in consumer behavior? A. They have no influence on product choices B. They are experts with knowledge that influence others' choices C. They are consumers with no expertise D. They are marketers promoting products Answers: 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B 1. What is the impact of time pressure on consumer behavior according to the document? A. More time leads to less research B. More time leads to more research C. Time pressure has no effect on research D. Time pressure increases impulsive buying 2. In the context of personality theories, what does the superego represent? A. Instinctual desires B. Moral conscience C. Rational self D. Balance between ID and reality 3. What is the definition of subliminal perception as described in the document? A. Stimuli that are consciously perceived  B. Stimuli below the level of consumer’s awareness C. Stimuli that are easily recognized D. Stimuli that are always ignored 4. What does the weighted additive model in the evaluation of alternatives involve? A. Selecting the brand with the best outcome B. Multiplying scores of attributes and summing them up C. Choosing brands based on personal preference D. Ignoring the importance of attributes 5. What is the primary focus of psychographics in consumer behavior? A. Demographic variables B. Consumer lifestyles and values C. Economic factors D. Cultural norms Answers: 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 1. Consumer behavior includes all activities related to selecting, purchasing, using, and disposing of products to: a. Maximize company profits b. Satisfy needs and desires c. Avoid cognitive dissonance d. Establish brand loyalty 2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of consumer behavior? a. It involves several roles. b. It is a simple and linear process. c. It is complex and multidimensional. d. It is motivated by internal and external factors. 3. In consumer behavior, the role of the "influencer" is to: a. Make the purchase decision. b. Provide the money for the purchase. c. Affect others' decisions through suggestions. d. Use the product or service. 4. Problem recognition occurs when: a. The consumer is fully satisfied with their current state. b. A stimulus highlights a gap between the actual and ideal state. c. A product's attributes perfectly match the consumer's expectations. d. A marketer introduces a new product category. 5. Prepurchase information search is characterized by: a. Continuous learning about a product category. b. Minimal effort and low involvement.  c. High involvement in finding a specific product. d. Avoidance of external sources of information. 6. Which consumer type searches for information the most? a. Experts b. Newbies c. Intermediate-level consumers d. Low-involvement consumers 7. A dissociative group is one that: a. The consumer admires and aspires to join. b. The consumer belongs to and identifies with. c. The consumer avoids being associated with. d. The consumer uses as a source of expertise. 8. Which type of influence causes individuals to change their behavior to conform to societal expectations? a. Informational b. Utilitarian c. Value-expressive d. Normative 9. The sandwich generation refers to adults: a. Supporting pets as nonhuman family members. b. Living with both parents and children. c. Caught between caring for aging parents and their children. d. Returning home to live with their parents. 10. Social stratification involves: a. Horizontal mobility only. b. The dynamic distribution of power and prestige. c. Strictly fixed and closed social systems. d. Homogeneous consumer behaviors across all classes. 11. Which of the following is NOT a method for measuring social status? a. Reputational b. Subjective c. Quantitative d. Objective 12. High-income levels always correlate with high social class. a. True b. False 13. Which of the following describes an **approach-avoidance conflict**? a. Choosing between two desirable outcomes. b. Facing two equally undesirable outcomes. c. Wanting a goal but simultaneously wishing to avoid it. d. Resolving a conflict by rationalization. 14. What type of need is described as hedonic? a. Survival-driven b. Entertainment or fun-driven c. Physical comfort  d. Nutritional needs 15. In the perceptual process, absolute threshold refers to: a. The ability to detect differences between stimuli. b. A consumer’s capacity to identify subliminal cues. c. The minimum level of stimulation detectable. d. The subjective organization of sensory input. 16. In classical conditioning, stimulus generalization can lead to: a. Extinction of conditioned responses. b. Differentiating between similar stimuli. c. Responding to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus. d. Ignoring unrelated stimuli entirely. 17. Observational learning requires: a. Physical practice of the observed behavior. b. Rewards and punishments for reinforcement. c. Attention to others' behavior and imitation. d. Long-term memory storage of repeated trials. 18. Retroactive interference occurs when: a. New information disrupts recall of old information. b. Old information strengthens new learning. c. Current behavior influences future learning. d. Memory retrieval is enhanced by association. 19. A consumer believes a product's performance meets their expectations. This describes: a. Attitude-object linkage b. Cognitive dissonance c. Balance theory d. Cognitive consistency 20. Which psychological principle makes scarcity appealing to consumers? a. Authority b. Reciprocity c. Liking d. Scarcity 21. The Fishbein model calculates overall attitudes by: a. Multiplying attributes by probability linkages and summing them. b. Ranking attributes in descending order of importance. c. Weighting attributes equally across all alternatives. d. Comparing recall rates across products. Answers 1. b 2. b 3. c 4. b 5. c 6. c 7. c 8. b 9. c 10. b 11. c 12. b 13. c 14. b 15. c 16. c 17. c 18. a 19. d 20. d 21. a 22. Deliberate information search occurs when: a. The search is unintentional but leads to relevant data. b. A consumer specifically looks for information to solve a problem.  c. A consumer is overwhelmed by too many product options. d. The consumer relies on their own knowledge without external sources. 23. Cybermediaries like Trivago help consumers by: a. Eliminating the need for ongoing searches. b. Recommending products based on personal preferences. c. Compiling information for easier comparison. d. Avoiding price transparency in purchases. 24. Which decision-making strategy involves imposed cutoffs for each attribute? a. Lexicographic b. Elimination by aspects c. Simple additive d. Weighted additive 25. A primary group is defined by: a. Formal, structured relationships such as coworkers. b. Informal, close relationships such as family and friends. c. Temporary associations such as social networks. d. Aspirational memberships based on admiration. 26. Which of the following is an example of utilitarian influence? a. Choosing a brand because a friend uses it. b. Purchasing an item to improve social status. c. Buying a product based on professional advice. d. Avoiding a brand linked to a disliked group. 27. What type of decision is made autonomically in families? a. One made jointly by both partners. b. One made independently by a single family member. c. One requiring consensus among all family members. d. One influenced by external marketing efforts. 28. Vertical social mobility refers to: a. Movement between jobs in the same social class. b. A change in socioeconomic class, upward or downward. c. The consistent hierarchy of social stratification. d. The inability to move across class boundaries. 29. Which variable is NOT included in the Hollingshead Index of Social Position? a. Occupation b. Education c. Income level d. Housing type 30. A marketer helping consumers resolve avoidance-avoidance conflict may: a. Highlight the benefits of both options. b. Emphasize unexpected benefits of one option. c. Use scarcity to pressure a decision. d. Offer discounts on competing options. 31. Which is an example of perceptual vigilance?  a. Ignoring an ad for fast food while on a diet. b. Paying attention to low-fat product labels while shopping. c. Adapting to repetitive exposure and tuning out a stimulus. d. Being influenced by a product’s unusual packaging. 32. Which factor is NOT a stimulus selection factor? a. Size b. Color c. Individual motivation d. Novelty 33. The 3-times rule in classical conditioning focuses on: a. Encouraging awareness, information, and stress on benefits. b. Reducing the effort consumers invest in product selection. c. Conditioning a response through immediate repetition. d. Minimizing overexposure to maintain interest. 34. Stimulus discrimination in learning occurs when: a. A conditioned response weakens after repeated exposure. b. Consumers learn to distinguish between similar stimuli. c. Generalization leads to responses across stimuli. d. The conditioned and unconditioned stimuli are identical. 35. In instrumental conditioning, punishment results in: a. Increased likelihood of behavior repetition. b. Decreased likelihood of behavior repetition. c. Neutral effects on future behavior. d. Creation of entirely new behaviors. 36. The self-perception theory explains attitudes by: a. Observing others’ behaviors for clues. b. Identifying inconsistencies between beliefs and actions. c. Rationalizing attitudes based on past actions. d. Accepting information within the non-commitment zone. 37. The zone of rejection in social judgment theory refers to: a. Attitudes that align closely with personal values. b. Information that is incompatible with current beliefs. c. Neutral attitudes requiring further persuasion. d. Indifference to new or conflicting data. 38. In the balance theory, which triad does NOT need to be consistent? a. Person’s perception of self b. Perception of another person c. Perception of an unrelated third-party product d. Perception of an attitude object 39. Organizational buying typically excludes: a. Impulse purchases b. Group decision-making c. Emphasis on specifications d. B2B selling emphasis 40. Risk in organizational buying decisions stems from:  a. Emotional impulse purchases. b. Unstructured decision-making processes. c. High stakes for business operations. d. Minimal financial commitments. 41. Which is NOT a characteristic of organizational buyer behavior? a. Involves fewer people than consumer buying. b. Decisions are often risky and planned. c. Money volume is substantial. d. Emphasis on long-term relationships. 42. A consumer classified as a survivor in VALS analysis is: a. Ambitious and status-conscious. b. Focused on materialistic success. c. Struggling with basic needs and limited opportunities. d. Highly self-expressive and self-assured. 43. Which trait is associated with consumers seeking unique experiences? a. Extroversion b. Materialism c. Innovativeness d. Self-consciousness 44. A lifestyle characterized by a belonger is: a. Competitive and driven by success. b. Conventional, conservative, and family-oriented. c. Passionate about activism and social responsibility. d. Focused on exotic and adventurous experiences. 45. Hofstede's power distance dimension measures: a. Acceptance of individualism versus collectivism. b. Resistance to change in uncertain situations. c. Tolerance of unequal power distribution. d. Preference for long-term over short-term orientation. 46. Which is a key feature of high-context cultures? a. Messages are explicit and self-contained. b. Nonverbal cues and context carry much of the meaning. c. Information is provided in clear and detailed formats. d. Communication is focused exclusively on verbal content. 47. Which factor does NOT define a subculture? a. Place of residence b. Religious beliefs c. Income level d. Ethnic background 48. The illusion of truth effect involves: a. Forgetting information over time. b. Believing repeated false statements to be true. c. Enhancing recall through vivid imagery. d. Confusing old memories with recent events. 49. A product that satisfies both utilitarian and hedonic needs is:  a. A simple lightbulb. b. A luxury car. c. A generic food item. d. A basic utility service. 50. Which of the following is a macro-level factor in defining target markets? a. Individual preferences b. Product specifications c. Economic and demographic trends d. Social media campaigns Answers 22. b 23. c 24. b 25. b 26. a 27. b 28. b 29. c 30. b 31. b 32. c 33. a 34. b 35. b 36. c 37. b 38. c 39. a 40. c 41. a 42. c 43. c 44. b 45. c 46. b 47. c 48. b 49. b 50. c