Pharmacology Quiz PDF

What is a ***drug***? A substance that is administered to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease, relieve pain, or improve physiological function What is an ***over-the-counter (OTC) drug***? This type of drug can be purchased without a prescription What is ***extra-label drug use***? When a veter...

What is a ***drug***? A substance that is administered to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease, relieve pain, or improve physiological function What is an ***over-the-counter (OTC) drug***? This type of drug can be purchased without a prescription What is ***extra-label drug use***? When a veterinarian prescribes a drug for a use not specifically listed on its label, it is called this What is ***drug compounding***? This term describes the process of combining or altering drugs to create a customized medication for a specific patient. 5. What is the ***duration of treatment***? Items on a prescription label include the name of the drug, quantity dispensed, route, frequency, and this important timeframe for administration 6. What is the ***therapeutic range*** this term describes the concentration of a drug in the body that produces a desired effect with minimal toxicity. 7. What is ***a loading dose?*** This type of dose is given in a higher initial amount to quickly reach the therapeutic range. 8. What is ***low margin of safety*** If a drug\'s ***effective dose*** is close to its ***lethal dose***, it has this type of ***Low*** margin of safety. 9. What is ***High Margin of Safety*** ? If the ***Lethal dose*** is \> than ***effective dose*** thi has type of margin of ***High*** margin of safety Cardio Vascular --------------- 10. What is ***protein binding?*** This is the term for drug molecules that bind to blood proteins like albumin, slowing their distribution. 11. What is ***ion trapping?*** This effect occurs when a drug becomes trapped in a body compartment due to pH differences 12. What is ***acetylcholine***? ***This neurotransmitter*** is released at ***the neuromuscular junction*** to stimulate ***muscle contraction***. 13. What is ***pancuronium***? This ***neuromuscular blocker*** competes with ***acetylcholine for receptor sites*** and requires a reversal agent ***to restore muscle function*** 14. What are ***positive*** dromotropic drugs ? This drug ***Increase conduction*** of myocardial electrical impulse and used to treat ***Heart Block*** 15. What are ***Negative*** dromotropic drug ? This drug ***decrease*** conduction of myocardial electrical impule and used to treat ***Av Block*** 16. What are ***Positive*** chronotropic drugs ? This drug ***Increase*** heart rate and used to treat ***Bradycardia*** 17. What are ***Negative*** chronotropic drugs This Drug ***Decrease*** heart rate and used to treat ***Tachycardia*** 18. What are ***positive*** inotropic drugs? This class of drugs ***increases the force*** of ***myocardial contraction*** and is used to treat **congestive heart failure**. 19. What are ***Negative*** inotropic drugs? This class of drug ***decrease*** ***the force of myocardial contraction*** and used to treat ***hypertension*** 20. What is ***Epinephrine*** Drug ? ( Cardiac Stimulant ) This drug ***Increase*** force and rate of contraction Vasoconstriction to ***increase*** BP Used to ***Cardiac*** Arrest & **Respiration** Arrest 21. What is ***Dopamine*** Durg ? ( Cardiac Stimulant ) This drug ***increase -*** BP & Heat Rate & Contraction Treat : ***Acute Heart Failure*** 22. What is ***Dobutamine*** drug ? ( Cardiac Stimulant ) This drug ***Increase*** Heart Contraction and used to ***treat*** cardiac depression with hypotension ***CHF*** 23. What is ***Digoxin & Digitoxin*** drug ? This Drug ***increase*** Strength of contraction and ***decrease*** heart rate and used to treat CHF Low TI ***Inodilator ( Gian Mach )*** 24. What is ***Pimobendane*** drug ? This drug use to ***Vasodilator*** and used to treat ***CHF*** ***Class IA - Membrane stabilizers*** 25. What is ***procainamide*** drug ? This Drug used to ***Increase*** conduction time and used to treat VPC 26. What is ***Quinidine*** drug ? This Drug used to ***increase*** Conduction time and used to ***treat*** ventricular Arrythmias ***Clas IB - Membrane stabilizers*** 27. What is ***Tocainide*** Drug ? This drug used to ***increase conduction time*** and used to treat ***Ventricular Tachycardia*** 28. What is ***Lidocaine*** drug ? This Drug used to ***increase conduction tim***e and used to treat ***Ventricular Tachycardia*** ***Cat sensitive due to CNS*** ***Class II - Beta Adrenergic Blockers*** 29. What is ***Propranolol*** ? This drug used to ***Decrease Automaticity*** ( Slow Depolarization phase ) and used to treat ***Ventricular Arrhythmias*** 30. What is ***Atenolol*** ?' This Drug used to ***Decrease Automaticity*** ( Slow Depolarization phase ) and used to treat ***Hypertension*** ***Class III -- Potassium Chanel blocker*** 31. What is ***Sotolol*** Vs ***Amiodarone*** vs ***Bretylium*** ? This drug used to ***reduce*** ***Sinus Rate*** used to treat ***Ventricular arrythmias*** ***Class IV -- Calcium Channel Blocker*** 32. What is ***Diltiazem vs Verapamil*** Drug ? This drug used ***to Reduces spontaneous depolarization*** and used to treat ***Ventricular Tachy Cardia*** 33. What is drug ***Amlodipine*** ? This Drug used to Treat ***Hypertension*** and ***inhibit movement of Ca2+*** 34. What is ***Vasodilator*** ? Open ***constricted BV*** making ***it easier for heart to pump blood through them*** 35. What is ***Arteriole Dilators ?*** Arteriolar smooth muscle relaxation so\... reduces afterload 36. What is ***ACE Inhibitors ?*** Drugs works ***by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme***, leading to ***vasodilation*** and ***reduced cardiac afterload***. ***Anticoagulants*** 37. What is ***Acetylsalicylic Acid*** ? ***prevents clot*** formation by ***inhibiting thromboxane***, a substance that makes ***platelets sticky*** 38. What is ***EDTA*** ? Chelates ***Ca2+*** = prevents clot formation used to - Blood Test or ***Chelates lead poison*** 39. What is Heparin ? ***stops conversion*** of ***prothrombin*** to thrombin used to - ***Blood test or transfusion*** 40. What is ***Hemostatic Drugs ( Stop Bleeding )*** Stop bleeding by promote clotting ***Drug : Silver Nitrate + Gel foam*** ***Parental : Vitamin K + Protamine Sulfate*** 41. What is ***Blood Enhancing Drug ?*** Make Red Blood Cell that produce in Kidney ***Iron*** (ferrous\.....) - Nutritional supplement ***Erythropoietin*** - Natural protein -- made by protein **Nervous System** 1. *What is the **sympathetic nervous system**?* *This system is responsible for the **\"fight or flight**\" response.* 2. *What is the **parasympathetic nervous system**?* ***Acetylcholine** is the **primary neurotransmitter** in this energy-saving division of the **autonomic nervous system**.* 3. *What are **sympathomimetics**? ( adrenergic )* *These drugs **mimic** the effects of **the sympathetic nervous system*** 4. *What er **Sympatholytic** ? ( Adrenergic Blocking )* *These Drug **Inhibit** the effect of the **sympathetic nervous system*** 5. *What are **Parasympathomimetic** ? ( Cholinergic )* *These Drug **mimic** the effect of the **Parasympathetic nervous system*** 6. *What are **Parasympatholytic** ? ( Anti Cholinergic )* *These drug **Inhibit** the effect of **the Parasympathetic Nervous system*** 7. *What is **Diazepam ?*** *This **GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter*** 8. *What is **pentobarbital ?*** ***This barbiturate** is often used **in euthanasia solutions.*** 9. What is ***Potassium bromide ?*** This ***anticonvulsant requires blood levels of the drug to be monitored*** as it has ***a low therapeutic index***. It is used ***in dogs only***. 10. What is ***Acepromazine*** ? This drug use to ***[sedation]*** and ***anti- emetic*** 11. What is ***Xylazine ?*** This drug use to ***sedation*** and ***anti- emetic Treat GI pain In Horse too*** 12. What is ***Dexmedetomidine*** This drug use to ***sedation and analgesia ( giam dau )*** 13. What is ***Doxapram*** ? 10 What two blood tests may be performed on a patient receiving ***phenobarbital ( Anti Convulsant )*** ? Why would they be performed? drug blood levels ***3-4 weeks post*** start or dose ∆ then \~ q 6 mos ***liver function*** \~ q 6 mos ***Respiratory Drug*** 1. What are ***goblet cells*** and ***cilia***? These two cellular structures ***help trap*** and ***remove*** foreign ***materia***l from the ***respiratory tract.*** 2. What are ***antitussives***? ***A non-productive cough*** is typically suppressed using this class of drugs 3. What are ***anticholinergics***? This class of drugs ***competitively blocks acetylcholine*** receptors ***to prevent bronchoconstriction.*** 4. *What is **acetylcysteine?*** This mucolytic drug is also used ***to treat acetaminophen toxicity in cats and dogs.*** 5. What are 2 potential uses for ***Guaifenesin?*** ***Increase*** liquid secrete Horse - ***muscle relax*** 6. Differentiate the role of ***mucolytics*** vs ***expectorants*** in respiratory medicine and\ provide examples of each. ***Mucolytic*** : wet cough when cilia cant remove thick and sticky mucus ***Expectorant*** : Increase liquid secrete increase mucus fluid 7. How does ***phenylephrine*** enhance respiration? Why should it be avoided in\ patients with hypertension or tachycardia? ( ***Decongestant )*** Used to decrease blocking nasal passage Avoid : because it will increase Blood pressure and hear rate 8. How are ***methylxanthine bronchodilators*** suspected to work? ***Inhibits enzyme*** in bronchial smooth muscles that promotes ***bronchoconstriction***? 9. What are ***terbutaline and albuterol***? These two ***β2-adrenergic agonist*** drugs are commonly used for ***feline asthma ( hen xuyen )***