Medical Sociology Quiz 1

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Questions and Answers

What does the dependency ratio indicate?

The total cases of diseases within a population

The ratio of economically inactive to economically active individuals (correct)

The number of elderly people per 100 children

The total number of youth in a population

Which term describes the total proportion of cases within a population at any given time?

Morbidity

Mortality

Incidence

Prevalence (correct)

What does a high youth dependency ratio typically indicate about a country like Nigeria?

A growing elderly population

Low overall population growth

A high economic burden on working adults (correct)

A balanced workforce between youth and elderly

What condition is defined as having more than one medical condition simultaneously?

Co-morbidity Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a disease that is consistently present within a specific geographical area?

Endemic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a disorder?

A condition that impairs body's regular function Signup and view all the answers

How is mortality defined in the context of health and illness?

The proportion of deaths in a population Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of population pyramids?

They visualize age and sex ratios in a population Signup and view all the answers

Which theory focuses on the way individuals interpret and interact with each other through symbols?

Symbolic Interactionism Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of Functionalism as described?

Not open to social change Signup and view all the answers

In the context of leading causes of death, which condition significantly affects women more than men?

Alzheimer’s disease Signup and view all the answers

According to Conflict Theory, who predominantly influences societal norms and institutions?

Individuals with wealth and power Signup and view all the answers

Which theory emphasizes the allocation of resources based on social class and demographic variables?

Conflict Theory Signup and view all the answers

The Sociological Imagination allows individuals to understand personal troubles as what?

Public issues that affect many Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical downside of Symbolic Interactionism?

Assumes all symbols are universally understood Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a leading cause of death in men according to the provided content?

Alzheimer’s disease Signup and view all the answers

What demographic characteristic is associated with a high elderly dependency ratio?

An aging population with fewer young supporters Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?

Providing insulin therapy for diabetes management Signup and view all the answers

How does the sociological perspective contribute to understanding health issues in society?

It examines how social environments shape behaviors and health outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of immigration on the working-age population in terms of dependency ratios?

It creates a balanced dependency ratio. Signup and view all the answers

What does relative risk measure in epidemiology?

The strength of association between exposed and unexposed groups Signup and view all the answers

What is a key concern of sociologists when researching health and diseases?

Inequalities in access to healthcare resources Signup and view all the answers

What defines an epidemic in the context of disease occurrence?

A sudden increase in disease incidence above expected levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for calculating the cause-specific mortality rate?

Number of deaths from a specific cause ÷ total population × 100,000 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Sociology Concepts

Incidence: Probability of new medical conditions occurring within a specific population.
Prevalence: Total proportion of all existing cases of a disease in a population at a given time.
Mortality: Refers to death rates within a population.
Morbidity: State of diseased health or poor health due to various causes.
Co-morbidity: Presence of multiple medical conditions occurring simultaneously.

Dependency Ratios

Dependency Ratio: Indicates the ratio of economically inactive individuals compared to economically active ones.
Total Dependency Ratio: Ratio of both youth (ages 0-14) and elderly (ages 65+) populations per 100 working-age individuals (ages 15-64).
Youth Dependency Ratio: Ratio of the youth population per 100 people of working age.
Elderly Dependency Ratio: Ratio of the elderly population per 100 individuals of working age.
Population Pyramids: Visuals showing age and sex distributions, aiding in understanding economic support ratios between dependent and working populations.
- High Youth Dependency Ratio: Example shown in Nigeria with potential for workforce growth but current economic burden on adults.
- High Elderly Dependency Ratio: Example in Japan reflects economic strain from an aging population.
- Balanced Dependency: The U.S. uses immigration to stabilize the working-age demographic while managing aging challenges.

Health Epidemiology Concepts

Pandemic: Wide spread of disease across regions, e.g., COVID-19.
Endemic: Disease present within a specific geographical area, e.g., Malaria in tropical regions.
Epidemic: Rapid spread of disease beyond expected levels in defined areas, e.g., Zika, Ebola.

Prevention Strategies

Primary Prevention: Aims to prevent diseases before they occur, e.g., exercise to prevent diabetes.
Secondary Prevention: Reduces impact of diseases or injuries that have already occurred, e.g., screening for diabetes.
Tertiary Prevention: Alleviates symptoms and impacts of chronic illnesses, e.g., insulin therapy for diabetes.

Sociological Perspectives

Social Environment: Key in shaping behaviors, attitudes, and life outcomes concerning health.
Demographic Changes: Impact on social structures, especially related to youth and elderly dependency ratios.

Sociological Themes

Social Inequality: Unequal distribution of wealth and resources impacting health outcomes.
Social Institutions: Institutions like education play a crucial role in meeting basic needs and influencing health.

Major Theorists and Theoretical Perspectives

Mills and Sociological Imagination: Linking personal troubles with public issues.
Functionalism (Durkheim): Focuses on how social institutions work together to maintain societal equilibrium.
Conflict Theory (Marx): Examines struggles between different social classes and interests.
Symbolic Interactionism (Mead, Cooney): Investigates social interactions and meanings.
Bureaucratic Theory (Weber): Emphasizes the role of socioeconomic status and rationality in health stratification.

Leading Causes of Death (U.S.)

Overall leading causes include heart disease, cancer, COVID-19, and strokes.
Men's Leading Causes: Heart disease, cancer, accidents, chronic liver disease.
Women's Leading Causes: Heart disease, cancer, with higher susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease and stroke.

Utilizes demographic variables to analyze health risks categorized by race, sex, and social class.

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Description

This quiz explores the emergence of medical sociology, focusing on critical terms such as incidence, prevalence, and morbidity. Participants will analyze demographic trends and their impacts on the population pyramid. Prepare to engage with real-world examples of health and illness sociology.