Leadership Styles PDF

1. Leadership is composed of two general kinds of behaviors: task behaviors and relationship behaviors. 2. Task behaviors facilitate goal accomplishment: They help group members to achieve their objectives. 3. Relationship behaviors help followers feel comfortable with themselves, with each...

1. Leadership is composed of two general kinds of behaviors: task behaviors and relationship behaviors. 2. Task behaviors facilitate goal accomplishment: They help group members to achieve their objectives. 3. Relationship behaviors help followers feel comfortable with themselves, with each other, and with the situation in which they find themselves. 4. The central purpose of the behavioral approach: is to explain how leaders combine these two kinds of behaviors to influence followers in their efforts to reach a goal. 5. One of the first studies have been conducted to investigate the behavioral approach: The Ohio State University studies (1940s). 6. The main purpose of the Blake and Mouton research in the early 1960s: how managers used task and relationship behaviors in the organization setting. 7. How did the Ohio State studies analyze how individuals acted when leading a group: having followers complete questionnaires about their leaders. 8. How many questions are in the questionnaire they used: 150. 9. Researchers found that followers' responses on the questionnaire clustered around two general types of leader behaviors: initiating structure and consideration. 10. Initiating structure behaviors are essentially task behaviors. 11. Initiating structure behaviors include: organizing work, giving structure to work context, and defining role responsibilities. 12. Consideration behaviors are essentially relationship behaviors. 13. Consideration behaviors include: building camaraderie, respect, trust, and liking between leaders and followers. 14. The two types of behaviors identified by the LBDQ-XII represent the core of the behavioral approach and are central to what leaders do. 15. The program of research at Michigan studies identified two types of leadership behaviors: employee orientation and production orientation. 16. Employee orientation is the behavior of leaders who approach subordinates with a strong human relations emphasis. 17. Employee orientation is similar to the cluster of behaviors identified as consideration in the Ohio State studies. 18. Production orientation consists of leadership behaviors that stress the technical and production aspects of a job. 19. Production orientation parallels the initiating structure cluster found in the Ohio State studies. 20. A multitude of studies were conducted by researchers from both Ohio State and the University of Michigan to determine how leaders could best combine their task and relationship behaviors: to maximize the impact of these behaviors on the satisfaction and performance of followers.