Management Leadership PDF

# Management Leadership McGeapr proposed managers hold 2 distinct views about human beings ## Theory X - Based on traditional organizational thinking, because of the dislike for work, most employees have to be closely monitored and directed - Managers tend to have an authoritarian style (dictator...

# Management Leadership McGeapr proposed managers hold 2 distinct views about human beings ## Theory X - Based on traditional organizational thinking, because of the dislike for work, most employees have to be closely monitored and directed - Managers tend to have an authoritarian style (dictatorship) ## Theory Y - Based on the goals of the individual and the organization can be integrated - Personal satisfaction can be achieved in the workplace. - Control and punishment are not required and, if present, would hinder motivation ### Assumption of theory X 1. Employees inherently dislike working. 2. Managers need to use coercive means or punishments to make them work hard. 3. Employees tend to avoid responsibility and seek formal direction to guide their work. 4. Employees have little ambition. They focus on job security. ### Implications of theory X - Theory X employees are best motivated by monetary rewards. - Theory X employees are mainly motivated by lower-level needs. ## Assumption of theoryY 1. Employees perceive work as part of their life. Work is as natural as rest or play. 2. Employees are self-motivated and exercise self-control. 3. Employees can learn to accept or even seek responsibilities. 4. Employees are willing and able to make decisions. ### Implications of theory Y - Theory Y employees do not work for money. They want job satisfaction. - Theory Y employees are mainly motivated by higher-level needs. - Theory Y employees want challenging tasks and move outside of the box. # Leadership The process of influencing people so that they will perform a variety of tasks in an effective manner who can inspire and motivate the employees. ## Leadership Qualities - A vision and sense of direction as to where the business should be going. - Innovation and the creation of new ways of doing things. - Dedication and commitment to the business. - Ability, self-belief, and qualities that promote support from others. ## Differentiate Differences between leadership and management. - A Manager is someone who has, as a result of appointment to a particular role or position, legitimate power to do that role. - A leader, by contrast, is someone who emerges and their ability to lead other people comes more from their ability and personality than from their formal position. - A Manager may also be a leader and vice versa, but not necessarily so. ## Leaders VS Managers | Leaders | Managers | |---|---| | Encourage | Control | ## Autocratic - Leader is the one that makes all the decisions and prefers not to delegate any responsibility. - High degree of dependency on the leader. - Con: Create demotivation and alienation of staff (result in high absenteeism and labor turnover). - May be valuable in some types of business where decisions need to be made quickly and decisively. - E.g., military, Disciplinary, Emergency decisions. ## Paternalistic - Leaders treat their employees as if they were family members by guiding them through a consultation process and acting in the best interest of their subordinates. - Negative paternalistic: occurs when the leader perceives the workers as less than capable, so leads by guidance and control. - Positive paternalistic: occurs when the leader perceives the worker as highly capable, so nurtures and develops the workers. ## Democratic - Encourages decision making from different perspectives. - Workers feel strong ownership of the firm and its business objectives. - Improves the sharing of ideas and experiences within the business. - Can delay decision making. ## Laissez-Faire - "Let it be"/ "Hands off" - the leadership responsibilities are shared by all. - Can be very useful in businesses where creative ideas are important. - Can be highly motivational as people have control over their working life. - Can make coordination and decision making time consuming and lacking in overall direction. - Relies on good teamwork. ## Factors that affect Leadership Styles - The leader's personality: a dominant individual will tend to be more autocratic than someone who listens carefully to others. - The leader's skills and abilities: respect and loyalty normally have to be earned. - Circumstances: some rise during a crisis, whilst others are better in less chaotic circumstances. - Culture: the ways in which a business is run can also affect what style of leader it works best under. - The workforce: if it is prone to laziness for poor standards then a more dictatorial style of a leadership will be needed. ## 7 Dimensions of Wellness | Dimension | |---|---| | Intellectual | | Environmental | | Physical | | Occupational | | Spiritual | | Social | | Emotional | ## Physical Wellness - Maintaining a flexible and aerobically fit body. ## Emotional Wellness - Awareness of your own feelings - E.g., Positive emotions: happy, ecstatic - Negative emotions: depressed, angry, anxious - Mature management and expression of emotions. - Capability to adapt to changes (Stress Management) - Ability to handle various stressful situations - Relaxation exercise ## Mental perspective - Protection of resources and understand their limits ## Social Wellness - Ability to create and sustain relationships ## Intellectual Wellness - Understanding that learning is a life-long process. ## Spiritual Wellness - Awareness of Values and Beliefs. - Know your own values. ## Occupational Wellness - Attainment of personal satisfaction.