Question Set 2 Part 2 PDF

**Section: Neonatal Adaptations** **51. What closes in the neonatal heart to separate systemic and pulmonary circulation?**\ A) Ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale\ B) Umbilical vein\ C) Chorionic villi\ D) Aortic valves\ E) Endocardial cushions\ **Correct Answer:** A **52. How does the liver func...

**Section: Neonatal Adaptations** **51. What closes in the neonatal heart to separate systemic and pulmonary circulation?**\ A) Ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale\ B) Umbilical vein\ C) Chorionic villi\ D) Aortic valves\ E) Endocardial cushions\ **Correct Answer:** A **52. How does the liver function differently in a newborn compared to an adult?**\ A) Produces more bile enzymes\ B) Stores higher quantities of glycogen\ C) Does not produce adult bilirubin for the first two weeks\ D) Functions as the primary site of erythropoiesis\ E) Regulates hormones in place of the hypothalamus\ **Correct Answer:** C **53. What is the primary role of vernix caseosa on a fetus?**\ A) Facilitate implantation in the uterus\ B) Aid in nutrient absorption\ C) Protect fetal skin from amniotic fluid\ D) Encourage fetal movements\ E) Strengthen the fetal immune system\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section: Puberty and Growth** **54. What is a characteristic of puberty in males?**\ A) Early cessation of growth\ B) Decrease in testosterone production\ C) Enlargement of the larynx\ D) Delayed development of primary sexual characteristics\ E) Decrease in metabolic rate\ **Correct Answer:** C **55. What physiological changes mark the transition from adolescence to adulthood?**\ A) Cessation of neurogenesis\ B) Completion of epiphyseal plate closure in long bones\ C) Reduction in red blood cell production\ D) Increase in gametogenesis\ E) Decline in metabolic activity\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Aging and Reproductive Health** **56. What physiological change contributes to a decrease in male fertility with aging?**\ A) Increase in seminiferous tubule thickness\ B) Decline in interstitial cell function\ C) Elevated prostate-specific antigen levels\ D) Increased spermatogenesis\ E) Enhanced testosterone secretion\ **Correct Answer:** B **57. What condition is associated with menopause in females?**\ A) Increased uterine elasticity\ B) Reduced bone density due to decreased estrogen\ C) Enhanced vaginal lubrication\ D) Increased ovarian follicular activity\ E) Elevated progesterone secretion\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Genetics** **58. Which type of inheritance involves traits determined by multiple genes?**\ A) Mendelian\ B) Codominance\ C) Polygenic\ D) Incomplete dominance\ E) X-linked\ **Correct Answer:** C **59. Which genetic disorder is caused by a mutation on the X chromosome?**\ A) Sickle cell anemia\ B) Huntington's disease\ C) Hemophilia A\ D) Cystic fibrosis\ E) Marfan syndrome\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section: Clinical Terminology and Disorders** **60. What term describes the absence of menstrual cycles?**\ A) Menarche\ B) Amenorrhea\ C) Dysmenorrhea\ D) Menopause\ E) Oligomenorrhea\ **Correct Answer:** B **61. What is an ectopic pregnancy?**\ A) Implantation in the endometrium\ B) Implantation outside the uterine cavity\ C) Early termination of fetal development\ D) Formation of a trophoblastic tumor\ E) Development of a placenta previa\ **Correct Answer:** B **Advanced Topics in Reproductive Biology** **62. How does capacitation affect sperm cells?**\ A) Enables the release of enzymes for penetrating the zona pellucida\ B) Inhibits their motility\ C) Protects them from acidic environments\ D) Prepares them for acrosome reaction in the epididymis\ E) Stimulates genetic exchange between sperm cells\ **Correct Answer:** A **63. What structural component allows sperm to move?**\ A) Acrosome\ B) Mitochondria\ C) Flagellum\ D) Sertoli cells\ E) Seminiferous tubule lining\ **Correct Answer:** C **Questions 64-70 (Miscellaneous)** **64. What is the fate of the Graafian follicle if fertilization does not occur?**\ A) It persists as the corpus luteum\ B) It degenerates into the corpus albicans\ C) It becomes the primary follicle\ D) It continues producing estrogen\ E) It divides by mitosis\ **Correct Answer:** B **65. During which phase of the uterine cycle does the functional layer proliferate?**\ A) Menses\ B) Proliferative phase\ C) Secretory phase\ D) Follicular phase\ E) Luteal phase\ **Correct Answer:** B **66. What triggers the formation of the blastocyst?**\ A) Completion of gastrulation\ B) Hatching from the zona pellucida\ C) Activation of chorionic villi\ D) Migration through the uterine tube\ E) Differentiation of germ layers\ **Correct Answer:** B **67. Which layer of the embryo forms muscle tissue?**\ A) Ectoderm\ B) Mesoderm\ C) Endoderm\ D) Trophoblast\ E) Chorion\ **Correct Answer:** B **68. What structure contributes to the fetal portion of the placenta?**\ A) Chorion\ B) Endometrium\ C) Amniotic sac\ D) Yolk sac\ E) Primitive streak\ **Correct Answer:** A **69. What process occurs in the amniotic cavity?**\ A) Formation of germ layers\ B) Gas exchange for the fetus\ C) Production of enzymes for digestion\ D) Protection and cushioning of the embryo\ E) Transfer of genetic material\ **Correct Answer:** D **70. What is the primary function of the neural crest cells?**\ A) Form the central nervous system\ B) Contribute to sensory and postganglionic autonomic neurons\ C) Generate the amniotic sac\ D) Differentiate into somites\ E) Develop into the trophoblast\ **Correct Answer:** B