Past Paper Questions - IT/Computer Science PDF

Question 1: An online retail company experiences a sudden surge in web traffic during a major sale event. To maintain website responsiveness and prevent any single server from becoming overwhelmed, which strategy should the company implement? A. Clustering B. Load Balancing C. Geographic Dispers...

Question 1: An online retail company experiences a sudden surge in web traffic during a major sale event. To maintain website responsiveness and prevent any single server from becoming overwhelmed, which strategy should the company implement? A. Clustering B. Load Balancing C. Geographic Dispersion D. Journaling Correct Answer: B. Load Balancing Explanation: Load balancing distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers to ensure no single server is overwhelmed, maintaining website responsiveness during high traffic periods. Clustering primarily provides failover capabilities, geographic dispersion spreads risk across locations, and journaling relates to data backup and recovery. Question 2: A healthcare facility wants to ensure that its critical systems remain operational during a power outage lasting several hours. Which combination of power solutions should the facility deploy? A. Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) only B. Generators only C. Both UPS and generators D. Load balancing systems Correct Answer: C. Both UPS and generators Explanation: UPS provides immediate power during outages for short durations, while generators supply power for longer outages. Using both ensures that critical systems remain operational continuously. Load balancing is unrelated to power solutions. Question 3: A university plans to establish a backup site for its primary data center to safeguard against natural disasters. They require the backup site to be fully operational within minutes of a failure. Which type of site should the university select? A. Hot Site B. Warm Site C. Cold Site D. Virtual Site Correct Answer: A. Hot Site Explanation: A hot site is a ready-to-use, fully mirrored data center that can become operational within minutes of a failure. Warm sites require some setup time, cold sites need significant setup, and virtual sites are not explicitly defined in the provided content. Question 4: A financial institution seeks to avoid dependency on a single cloud provider to enhance its operational flexibility and resilience. What strategy should the institution adopt? A. Single-Cloud Systems B. Multi-Cloud Systems C. On-Premises Data Centers D. Hybrid Clustering Correct Answer: B. Multi-Cloud Systems Explanation: Multi-cloud systems involve leveraging multiple cloud service providers to spread data and applications across diverse platforms, providing redundancy and avoiding vendor lock-in. Single-cloud systems depend on one provider, on-premises data centers do not involve multiple cloud providers, and hybrid clustering is unrelated to cloud diversity. Question 5: During a simulated cyberattack, a company\'s IT team successfully switches operations to a backup server without any downtime. Which testing strategy does this scenario best represent? A. Tabletop Exercises B. Failover Testing C. Simulation D. Parallel Processing Correct Answer: B. Failover Testing Explanation: Failover testing involves deliberately causing system failures to observe the automatic switching to backup systems, ensuring minimal downtime. Tabletop exercises are scenario discussions, simulations emulate disruptions without actual switching, and parallel processing runs systems simultaneously without triggering failover. Question 6: A manufacturing company wants to ensure that it can quickly restore its data to the state it was in just before a ransomware attack. Which data recovery method should the company implement? A. Full Backups B. Incremental Backups C. Differential Backups D. Journaling Correct Answer: D. Journaling Explanation: Journaling records changes to datasets, allowing rollbacks to previous states, which is ideal for restoring data before a ransomware attack. Incremental and differential backups back up changed data but may not provide point-in-time restoration, and full backups are comprehensive but less efficient for specific rollbacks. Question 7: A company wants to ensure that its backup data is safe even if the primary location is compromised by a natural disaster. What backup strategy should the company adopt? A. Onsite Backups B. Offsite Backups C. Snapshots D. Replication Correct Answer: B. Offsite Backups Explanation: Offsite backups store data in a separate location, safeguarding against disasters that affect the primary site. Onsite backups remain vulnerable to the same disasters, snapshots capture data at specific points, and replication continuously copies data but may not inherently ensure geographic separation. Question 8: A software company is planning to distribute its services across multiple geographic locations to minimize the risk of regional outages. What is this strategy called? A. Load Balancing B. Clustering C. Geographic Dispersion D. Multi-Cloud Deployment Correct Answer: C. Geographic Dispersion Explanation: Geographic dispersion involves spreading sites across different locations to mitigate risks like natural disasters or regional power outages. Load balancing and clustering focus on server and system management, while multi-cloud deployment relates to using multiple cloud providers. Question 9: An organization wants to prepare for maintaining essential functions during a disruption. Which activity should the organization prioritize? A. Capacity Planning B. Continuity of Operations C. Platform Diversity D. Parallel Processing Correct Answer: B. Continuity of Operations Explanation: Continuity of operations ensures that essential functions continue seamlessly during disruptions. Capacity planning predicts future needs, platform diversity spreads risk across platforms, and parallel processing involves running systems simultaneously for validation. Question 10: A retail business needs to handle increased customer service inquiries during peak shopping seasons. What aspect of capacity planning should the business focus on? A. Infrastructure B. Technology C. People D. All of the above Correct Answer: D. All of the above Explanation: Capacity planning involves ensuring that people, technology, and infrastructure resources are available to meet future demands. The retail business must plan for additional customer service staff (people), appropriate technology systems, and sufficient infrastructure to handle increased inquiries. Question 11: After implementing a new multi-cloud strategy, a company wants to ensure there are no security gaps due to the complexity of managing multiple platforms. What should the company prioritize? A. Increasing the number of cloud providers B. Reducing the number of security policies C. Careful management and consistent configurations D. Relying on individual cloud provider security features Correct Answer: C. Careful management and consistent configurations Explanation: Careful management and maintaining consistent configurations across multiple cloud platforms help avoid security gaps and manage the complexity effectively. Increasing cloud providers or reducing security policies can introduce more risks, while relying solely on individual provider security may not cover all vulnerabilities. Question 12: A hospital wants to ensure that its critical power-dependent equipment remains operational during both short-term and long-term power outages. Which combination of solutions should the hospital implement? A. UPS only B. Generators only C. Both UPS and generators D. Load Balancers Correct Answer: C. Both UPS and generators Explanation: UPS provides immediate power during short outages, while generators supply power during long-term outages. Together, they ensure continuous operation of critical equipment. Load balancers are unrelated to power management. Question 13: During a disaster recovery drill, a company conducts a scenario-driven discussion to evaluate decision-making processes. What type of testing strategy is this? A. Failover Testing B. Tabletop Exercises C. Simulation D. Parallel Processing Correct Answer: B. Tabletop Exercises Explanation: Tabletop exercises involve scenario-driven discussions to understand and evaluate decision-making during crises. Failover testing involves actual switching to backup systems, simulations mimic disruptions, and parallel processing tests new systems alongside old ones. Question 14: A business wants to ensure that their data is continuously copied to a backup location in real-time. Which data protection method should they use? A. Snapshots B. Replication C. Differential Backups D. Incremental Backups Correct Answer: B. Replication Explanation: Replication involves continuously copying data to ensure real-time backups, providing up-to-date data in the backup location. Snapshots capture data at specific points in time, while differential and incremental backups focus on changes since the last full backup. Question 15: A company is evaluating its resilience strategies and determines that relying solely on a single cloud provider poses a significant risk. What is the primary risk associated with this approach? A. Increased complexity in management B. Vendor lock-in C. Redundancy D. Cost efficiency Correct Answer: B. Vendor lock-in Explanation: Relying on a single cloud provider can lead to vendor lock-in, where switching providers becomes difficult and costly. Increased complexity and security gaps may also arise, but vendor lock-in is the primary risk. Redundancy and cost efficiency are generally benefits of multi-cloud strategies, not single-provider approaches. Question 16: A financial services firm wants to ensure that their backup data can be quickly accessed in the event of a system failure. Should they opt for onsite or offsite backups to achieve this goal? A. Onsite Backups B. Offsite Backups C. Both Onsite and Offsite Backups D. Neither Correct Answer: A. Onsite Backups Explanation: Onsite backups provide quick data access due to their proximity to the primary systems, allowing for rapid recovery in the event of a system failure. Offsite backups offer protection against site-specific disasters but may not provide the same level of immediate access. Question 17: A company is planning to conduct an exercise where they run both the old and new systems simultaneously to ensure the new system\'s effectiveness without disrupting operations. What type of testing are they performing? A. Tabletop Exercise B. Failover Testing C. Simulation D. Parallel Processing Correct Answer: D. Parallel Processing Explanation: Parallel processing involves running both old and new systems simultaneously to validate the new system's effectiveness without risking ongoing operations. Tabletop exercises involve discussion, failover testing involves switching systems, and simulations mimic disruptions without running systems concurrently. Question 18: An organization aims to maintain uninterrupted access to its services even if one or more servers fail. Which strategy should they implement? A. Load Balancing B. Clustering C. Geographic Dispersion D. Multi-Cloud Systems Correct Answer: B. Clustering Explanation: Clustering links multiple servers to work as a single system, providing failover capabilities to maintain service availability if one or more servers fail. Load balancing distributes traffic but doesn\'t inherently provide failover, geographic dispersion spreads risk across locations, and multi-cloud systems involve multiple cloud providers. Question 19: A company wants to regularly capture the state of its data at specific points in time to facilitate quick recovery. Which type of backup should they utilize? A. Incremental Backups B. Snapshots C. Journaling D. Replication Correct Answer: B. Snapshots Explanation: Snapshots capture data at specific points in time, allowing for quick recovery to those states. Incremental backups capture only changes since the last backup, journaling records changes for rollback, and replication continuously copies data rather than capturing specific points. Question 20: A business anticipates future growth and increased demand on its IT resources. To effectively plan for this, what activity should the business undertake? A. Continuity of Operations B. Capacity Planning C. Load Balancing D. Failover Testing Correct Answer: B. Capacity Planning Explanation: Capacity planning involves predicting future needs and ensuring that resources such as people, technology, and infrastructure are available to meet anticipated demands. Continuity of operations focuses on maintaining operations during disruptions, load balancing distributes traffic, and failover testing evaluates backup systems. Question 21: A company is reviewing its backup strategy and wants to ensure that only the data changed since the last full backup is saved. Which backup method should they choose? A. Full Backups B. Incremental Backups C. Snapshots D. Replication Correct Answer: B. Incremental Backups Explanation: Incremental backups save only the data that has changed since the last full backup, making the process more efficient. Full backups copy all data, snapshots capture data at specific points, and replication continuously copies all data to another location. Question 22: During a power outage, a company\'s critical systems remained operational thanks to an immediate power supply, but only for a short duration. What power solution ensured this continuity? A. Generators B. Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) C. Load Balancers D. Clustering Correct Answer: B. Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) Explanation: UPS provides immediate power during outages for short durations, allowing critical systems to remain operational until generators can take over for longer outages. Generators supply power for extended periods, while load balancers and clustering are unrelated to power supply. Question 23: A tech startup wants to test its disaster recovery plan by emulating potential real-world disruptions without affecting actual operations. What testing method should they employ? A. Tabletop Exercises B. Failover Testing C. Simulation D. Parallel Processing Correct Answer: C. Simulation Explanation: Simulation involves emulating potential disruptions to validate response strategies without impacting actual operations. Tabletop exercises are discussion-based, failover testing involves actual system switching, and parallel processing runs systems simultaneously. Question 24: An organization is evaluating different types of backup sites and decides they need a location equipped with hardware but not necessarily the most current data. Which type of site should they choose? A. Hot Site B. Warm Site C. Cold Site D. Virtual Site Correct Answer: B. Warm Site Explanation: A warm site is equipped with hardware and may require data updates before becoming fully operational. Hot sites are fully ready with mirrored data, and cold sites have necessary infrastructure but lack hardware and data. Virtual sites are not specifically defined in the provided content. Question 25: A company experiences periodic natural disasters in their primary location and wants to minimize the risk of both the primary and backup sites being affected simultaneously. What strategy should they employ? A. Clustering B. Load Balancing C. Geographic Dispersion D. Multi-Cloud Deployment Correct Answer: C. Geographic Dispersion Explanation: Geographic dispersion involves dispersing sites across different geographic locations to mitigate risks of regional disasters affecting multiple sites simultaneously. Clustering and load balancing manage server and traffic distribution, while multi-cloud deployment spreads across multiple cloud providers but doesn\'t specifically address geographic risk. Question 26: An organization wants to ensure that during a crisis, only the most essential functions continue to operate seamlessly. What should the organization focus on? A. High Availability B. Continuity of Operations C. Capacity Planning D. Platform Diversity Correct Answer: B. Continuity of Operations Explanation: Continuity of operations focuses on maintaining or quickly resuming essential functions during disruptions. High availability ensures services remain accessible, capacity planning anticipates future needs, and platform diversity spreads risk across different platforms. Question 27: A company conducts a drill where they deliberately cause a system failure to test its automatic recovery process. What type of test is this? A. Tabletop Exercise B. Failover Testing C. Simulation D. Parallel Processing Correct Answer: B. Failover Testing Explanation: Failover testing involves deliberately causing system failures to observe the automatic switching to backup systems, ensuring the recovery process works effectively. Tabletop exercises are scenario discussions, simulations emulate disruptions without actual failures, and parallel processing runs systems simultaneously without triggering failover. Question 28: A business wants to ensure that during high-traffic events, not only is the server load balanced but also that if one server fails, another can immediately take over. Which two strategies should the business implement? A. Load Balancing and Journaling B. Load Balancing and Clustering C. Clustering and Geographic Dispersion D. Multi-Cloud Deployment and Replication Correct Answer: B. Load Balancing and Clustering Explanation: Load balancing distributes traffic across servers to prevent overload, while clustering ensures that if one server fails, another can take over, maintaining service availability. Journaling relates to data backups, geographic dispersion spreads risk geographically, and multi-cloud deployment with replication deals with multiple cloud providers but doesn\'t directly address server load and failover. Question 29: A company wants to conduct scenario-driven discussions to evaluate their response to a potential data breach. What testing method should they use? A. Tabletop Exercises B. Failover Testing C. Simulation D. Parallel Processing Correct Answer: A. Tabletop Exercises Explanation: Tabletop exercises involve scenario-driven discussions to understand and evaluate decision-making during specific crises, such as a data breach. Failover testing involves switching to backup systems, simulations emulate disruptions, and parallel processing runs systems simultaneously without scenario discussions. Question 30: A business wants to ensure that its data can be rolled back to a previous state in case of unintended changes or corruption. Which data protection method should they implement? A. Replication B. Journaling C. Snapshots D. Incremental Backups Correct Answer: B. Journaling Explanation: Journaling records changes to datasets, allowing the business to roll back to previous states in case of unintended changes or corruption. Replication continuously copies data, snapshots capture data at specific points, and incremental backups save only changed data since the last backup but do not inherently provide rollback capabilities.