Quarter 1 Physical Education PDF

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 9 1st Quarter INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL EDUCATION  Is an integral part of education that promotes the optimum development of individual physically, mentally, socially and emotionally through selected physical activity. Physical Education Physical Education Th...

PHYSICAL EDUCATION 9 1st Quarter INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL EDUCATION  Is an integral part of education that promotes the optimum development of individual physically, mentally, socially and emotionally through selected physical activity. Physical Education Physical Education That branch of education that promotes and develops the understanding, appreciation and embodiment of health, fitness and wellness through physical activity, exercise and sports  Advocates of Physical Education United Nation Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization or UNESCO (1978 convention) - described sport and physical education as a fundamental right for all. UNESCO (1999 convention) - , learning to move and enjoying the freedom of movement is a human right.  Legislation in the Field of Physical Education Comprehensive Laws cover all aspects of physical education that the legislative deems appropriate promotion/emphasis of top level sports Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, France Austrian Federal Sports Promotions Act Communist countries have sports and physical education in their constitution 1987 Philippine Constitution Article XIV, Section 19 further states that, “(1) The State shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league competitions, and amateur sports, including training for international competition, to foster self- discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry. (2) All education institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country in cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors.” DECS Order No. 58 Series of 1990 on Guidelines and Standards for the Collegiate Service PE Program: All students are required to take one PE per semester during the first two years, for a total of 8 units. DECS Order No. 84 Series of 1994 on Physical Education and School Sports as DECS Priority Program Importance should be given to Physical Education. Ensure the success of the implementation of Physical Education and Sports Program in all schools and to give it high priority  Objectives of Physical Education Physical Development Mental Development Social Development Emotional Development ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔  ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Relationship Between Cognitive and Motor Skills (van der Fels et al, 2014) Fine motor skills, bilateral body coordination, and timed performance in movements correlate with cognitive skills. Complex motor skills such as fine motor skills, coordination of movement in rhythm, and sequenced movements should be included in motor intervention programs to improve higher order cognitive skills or vice versa. Academic Performance and Aerobic Fitness (Rauner et al, 2013) Aerobic fitness was a significant predictor of academic performance; weight status was not. Therefore, to improve academic performance, school systems should focus on the aerobic fitness of every student. LIFESTYLE AND WEIGHT MANAGEMENT - is a behavioral pattern of choices from alternatives that are available to people according to their socio-economic circumstances and the ease with which they can choose certain ones over the other. It means we can choose the lifestyle we wanted to, and it is our choice which leads us to whatever result it may have whether good or bad results. (World Health Organization) WHAT IS LIFESTYLE?  What is weight management? Looking at the word itself, weight management is managing one’s weigh. This is not just an instant process because weight management is a long-term approach to healthful living and lifestyle. This should be associated with balanced healthful eating and combined with physical activities and exercises to support the energy needed by the body through workout.  Classification of Weight 1. Overweight – weight is excess of the average for an individual height. 2. Underweight – weight is lesser amount of the average for an individual height. 3. Obesity – this is an excessive increase of body fat. Sports officiating  a system of managing a sports, specifically on implementing the game rules and keeping order in the duration of the game. Sports officiating COMMON INJURIES ENCOUNTERED BY OFFICIATING OFFICIALS AND ATHLETES Sprain – is a stretched or tear of ligament, the band of connective tissues that joins the end of one bone with another. First Aid: ✓ Remove any clothing or jewelry around the joint ✓ Apply cold compress at once ✓ Elevate the affected joint ✓ The victim’s physician may recommend an over-the- counter anti-inflammatory medications (aspirin, ibuprofen) appropriate for the victim’s general health.  Heat Exhaustion – is a response to heat characterized by fatigue, weakness and collapse due to inadequate intake of water to compensate for loss of fluids during sweating. First Aid: ✓ Have the victim lie down with his/her feet elevated ✓ Keep the victim cool ✓ Give him/her electrolyte beverages to sip or make a salted drink ✓ Monitor the victim for signs of shock ✓ If the victim starts having seizures, protect him/her from injury and give first aid for convulsions ✓ If the victim loses consciousness, give first aid for unconsciousness  Strain – is a twist, pull or tear of a muscle or tendon – a cord of tissue connecting muscle to bone. First Aid: ✓ Rest the injured part ✓ Apply ice ✓ Compress the injured part ✓ Elevate the injured part Fracture – is a break in the bone that can occur from either a quick, one-time injury to the bone (acute fracture) or from repeated stress to the bone over time (stress fracture). First Aid: ✓ Check vital signs ✓ Do not move the injured part ✓ Immobilize the injured part by splinting ✓ Seek medical help immediately  Dislocation – is a partial or complete displacement of the bone. First Aid: ✓ Call for help immediately ✓ Splint the affected part ✓ Do not try to move a dislocated part or force it back into place ✓ Apply ice on the injured part to reduce swelling  Heart Attack – is caused by sudden obstruction of blood supply to the part of the heart muscle. First Aid: ✓ Help the person sit or lie down with head elevated ✓ Call for help immediately ✓ If the person is conscious, give him/her a full dose aspirin and advise him/her to chew it slowly ✓ Constantly monitor the vital signs. Be prepared to give rescue breaths and chess compression Muscle Cramps – is a strong, painful contraction or tightening of a muscle that comes on suddenly and lasts from a few seconds to several minutes. It often occurs in the legs. First Aid: ✓Stretch the cramped muscle and gently rub it to help it relax ✓Apply heat or cold Wounds – is a break in the continuity of a tissue or skin. First Aid: ✓ Wear gloves and remove or cut clothing as necessary to expose wound ✓ Control bleeding by applying direct pressure ✓ Elevate the injured part above the heart except for eye injury and wounds with embedded object ✓ Cover wound with sterile dressing and bandage ✓ Care for shock ✓ Consult a physician immediately  The role of an official is very crucial in a sporting endeavor. He defines the success or failure of a certain physical activity. It is therefore necessary for an aspiring officiating official to possess a number of qualities for him to meet the goal of having a satisfying, complain-free, impartial, and successful game. The following are some of the qualities to be considered: Physical Qualities Emotional Qualities Mental Qualities Social Qualities Qualities of an Officiating Official:  These qualities refer to the physical attributes of an officiating official. Since an officiating official needs to catch up with every detail of what the athletes or players do oncourt, he needs to have a high level of fitness to be able to perform his job. To determine his level of fitness he or she has to consider the following: Physical Qualities  As has been defined in preceding modules in Physical Education, physical fitness is the capacity of an individual to perform his or her daily tasks without undue fatigue and still has extra energy for recreation and emergencies. Physical fitness is not achieved overnight. One must work on with elevating his own level of fitness if he or she has to perform better in his chosen field of endeavor. Several ways to determine one’s fitness which are basis in improving it include: Body Mass Index PMHR and THR (Personal Maximal Heart Rate and Training Heart Rate) Fitness or Exercise Program Nutrition and weight management Physical Fitness  These qualities refer to the emotional readiness of an officiating official to perform his or her role in a game. He or she might have mastered all the rules and possesses a high level of fitness but if the emotional attributes don’t warrant him or her to perform the duties and responsibilities of an officiating official, failure is expected. Emotional attributes that an officiating official should possess include confidence. It is having belief in oneself. Confidence can be situation-specific, but practicing it through actual game immersions and observations of game officiating activities can help improve it. Emotional Qualities  Just as physical and emotional qualities are essential, mental characteristics are also equally necessary. Mental toughness is the term used to refer to all of the qualities pertaining to one’s mental preparations in officiating a game. To be mentally tough requires one to stay focused, regulate one’s performance, ability to handle pressure, awareness and control of thoughts and feelings and one’s command and control of the environment. This can be achieved by having a thorough knowledge on the rules of the game, alertness, vigilance which result to timely, decisive, honest and impartial judgment. Decisiveness results to integrity of the result of the game leading to a satisfying result and acceptance of success and failure for both competiting teams or players. Mental Qualities  Social qualities refer to the ability to deal with others at any given situation. Complaints are inevitable in a game. It is the ability of an officiating official to settle disputes without sacrificing the integrity of a game and the officiating team. To develop such qualities requires practice just as the emotional qualities do. Surrounding oneself with people who make wise decisions especially in officiating endeavors might help one improve his or her decision-making skills. Social Qualities  When we register as officials, and volunteer to work at events, we agree to uphold these values, and follow the related guidelines listed in each section. Ethics and Guidelines  A primary value of officiating is to provide a benefit to those with whom one interacts in the competition area (athletes, coaches, spectators, volunteers, and other officials). A related value is to do no harm. A. Be a Benefit and Cause No Harm  These values mean that officials should strive for accuracy and consistency in their officiating actions, as well being dependable and trustworthy in their work as officials. The latter implies that officials should accept the responsibility for their errors that may affect competitions, and work to increase or sustain others’ (athletes, coaches, spectators, other officials) trust. Be Accurate and Responsible  Officials should exhibit loyalty and politeness towards BC Athletics, Athletics Canada, and other organizations to which the official belongs or is representing in the context of a competition. They should extend such loyalty and politeness to individuals involved in athletics at all levels. C. Be supportive of other participants and loyal to our Sport Organizations.  Integrity refers to firm adherence to an ethical code as well as to the absence of impairment or disability. This implies that officials will (a) not allow their judgment to be adversely influenced by personal loyalties or personal gain, (b) will adhere whenever possible to the specifics of this ethical code, and (c) will avoid officiating when their mental or physical competence may be impaired (e.g., through physical illness, emotional distress, or some other personal limitation). D. Act with Integrity  Fairness refers to performing one’s duties in an unbiased manner. This implies that officials will act in a manner that does not create advantage or disadvantage to any athlete or club. E. Act with Fairness  Professionalism means exhibiting a courteous, conscientious, and generally business-like manner in the workplace (including volunteer workplace). Applied to athletics officials, it means that officials, as part of their volunteer duties, will conform to reasonable technical standards of their area of practice (e.g., starter, track umpire, throws judge) as well as to any ethical standards that govern them. G. Exhibit Professionalism  Officials have the duty to respect individual athletes or other parties at competitions, independent of cultural, ethnic, gender, age, or other characteristics of the individual that may set the other person apart from the official’s own background and sense of familiarity. Although this is usually meant to prevent discrimination on the basis of gender, ethnicity, or disability (all areas of human diversity that are associated with human rights legislation), it also applies to areas of diversity such as age or experience in the athletic event or officiating task. Thus, it applies to treating very young (and thus immature) athletes Show Respect for Participants’ Rights and Dignity  This value presumes that athleticism is part of a generally healthy lifestyle, and that BC Athletics and Athletics Canada encourage not only athletic competition, but enhanced health in their members and in the general public. H. Model Appropriate Health Habits  This means obeying the law (e.g., criminal code of Canada, human rights codes, and IAAF or other rules of competition). I. Adhere to Legal Standards  In our society, we now recognize that some individuals (e.g., persons with disabilities) are more vulnerable to poor treatment because of their relative youth, mental or physical disability, or other characteristics that place them at a disadvantage. This code of conduct recognizes that such individuals may require special attention. J. Protect Vulnerable Persons  gestures used by sports officials to communicate to the players and audiences specifically game related events, like fouls, points and the like. Hand Signals OFFICIALS’ SIGNALS PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST Beginning of the School Year