Physical Education and Sports for CWSN - Class 12 PDF

Okay, here is the markdown format of the text in the images you sent. ### Inclusion - Its Needs and Implementation #### Code: J4G0EP * Inclusion in education refers to a model wherein CWSN spend most or all of their time with students with non-special needs. It is based on the notion that Inclu...

Okay, here is the markdown format of the text in the images you sent. ### Inclusion - Its Needs and Implementation #### Code: J4G0EP * Inclusion in education refers to a model wherein CWSN spend most or all of their time with students with non-special needs. It is based on the notion that Inclusive Education is more effective for students with special needs since they get a mixed experience. This social interaction leads to success in later life. * Inclusion plays a big role in creating a safe, comfortable and emotionally secure environment in any educational institution. Inclusion is not a law to be forced on anyone. * It is a process which enables a child's smooth transition to understand, accept and implement the culture of inclusion in different situations. Physical education and sports play a very important role in promoting inclusion in any educational institute. ### Implementation of Inclusive Education In India #### Code: J4G0EP India should emphasize the following measures for effective implementation of inclusive education. 1. Ensuring effective implementation of the Right to Education in all states so that no child is left out of the ambit of education so that we are able to take care of the needs of CWSN. 2. Equipping teachers, especially in rural areas, through appropriate training and in-service workshops to teach CWSN in an inclusive classroom. 3. Developing a support team through regular analysis of schools, curriculum and amenities in order to give access to the regular curriculum methods to children with difficulties in learning. 4. Encouraging a flexible approach towards curriculum transaction whereby teachers and students are able to diagnose and resolve the problems that they face during the teaching-learning process. 5. Involving parents as partners and as a resource in the decision-making process for enhancing their child's learning so that collaborative effort results in effective inclusive education. 6. Looking at all children at what they can do rather than what they cannot do. It is important for the student's self-esteem that a child with special needs is not looked at with sympathy, but is recognized for her/his talents, capabilities, and abilities. 7. Designing schools and classes in ways that help children learn and achieve to their fullest potential. Enrolling of CWSN in regular schools requires a lot of adjustments in terms of classrooms, transport facilities and educational materials and assistive devices such as audio textbooks of Braille text books, etc. 8. Developing education goals according to each child's abilities. Curriculum experts should carefully design programmes so that the curriculum is made parallel for all the children with or without special needs in inclusive education. This also means that children do not need to have the same education goals in order to learn together in regular classes and will require the designing of a suitable examination system and putting in place periodic evaluation of CWSN to meet the challenges and changing trends. 9. Making sincere efforts to develop good relations and understanding between families of students with disabilities and without disabilities. In this way, all students will also develop good relations among themselves and thereby create an appropriate environment for implementing inclusive education. 10. Providing students related materials like uniforms, books, stationery, transport allowance, stipend for girls, boarding and lodging facilities, therapeutic services, teaching and learning materials, assistive devices, etc. ### Advantages of Physical Activities for CWSN #### Code: J4G0EP Physical activity can also improve general mood and wellness. Regular fitness can be linked to improved self-esteem, social awareness, and self-confidence, which aid in empowering the lives of children with special needs. 1. **Physical Benefits :** Scientific studies of disability groups have demonstrated that participation in physical activity and sport leads to improved levels of well-being and physical health. Children with intellectual disabilities may have additional physical disabilities resulting in below-age-level performance in typical motor skills. 2. **Mode of Recreation and Fun :** CWSN frequently miss out on social activities, recreation, and fun. Participation in extracurricular and sports activities can help them overcome this obstacle, providing them with the ability to engage in social interactions, make friends and initiate social skills. 3. **Improved Emotional Health :** Including physical activity in a healthy lifestyle is proven to decrease rates of depression. CWSN often tend to have more emotional problems like depression. Participating in regular exercise can be a life-changing benefit by improving mental health and wellbeing. Physical activity can also improve general mood and wellness, which aids in empowering the lives of children with special needs. 4. **Channelizing the Surplus Energy :** Children with disabilities like ADHD display hyperactivity which, if appropriately directed, can bear positive results related to cognitive benefits and constructive behavior. 5. **Psychological Benefits :** Regular participation in sports and physical activities is not just beneficial for the body, it is beneficial for the mind, too. Physical activity improves general mood and wellness in CWSN by improving their self-esteem, social awareness, and self-confidence, all of which are factors essential for empowering their lives 6. **Healthy Lifestyle :** CWSN are about twice as likely as other children to be overweight or obese often due to the greater likelihood of being sedentary due to their disability. As a result of their disability, their levels of participation in sports and physical activity is much lower than that of their peers. It is imperative that these children, as much or more, than other students must learn about the steps to leading a healthy lifestyle, within the abilities and limitations of their respective conditions. 7. **Increased Independence :** Participation in Physical Education and Sports is a mode to transit towards greater independence due to improved daily life skills. For a person with a disability, an increase in physical activity can lead to more independence and freedom. Increased physical strength and energy that comes from regular exercise allows persons with disability to do more daily tasks without assistance. ### Strategies to Make Physical Activities Accessible for CWSN #### Code: J4G0EP Participation in physical activity is beneficial for all children, including those with disabilities. In fact, participation of children with disabilities in sports and recreational activities promotes inclusion, minimizes deconditioning, optimizes physical functioning, and enhances overall well-being. **Communication** * Advance information about activity, space, resource person or any change in activity should be communicated clearly. * A variety of different instructional strategies such as verbal, visual and peer teaching should be used for performing various types of physical activities so that children get the opportunity to participate in physical activity. The teacher could use visuals or social story about the activity. Give positive, corrective or specific feedback. * As per the ability of the child, specific instruction must be provided in simple words and sentences. The tone should be low and one instruction should be given at a time. If necessary, a communication board or communication book could be used. **Space** For CWSN, space should be approachable for people having a physical disability. The area for the physical activity should be limited. Space for activities should be disturbance free (noise, heat, cold, texture of floor, audience etc.). It is always better to start with indoor space. Boundaries should be demarked clearly as starting point, finishing point, sitting area. **Equipment** A lack of appropriate equipment, coupled with a lack of professionals trained to support physical activity among children and youth with different ability levels, discourages participation. There are a growing number of disabled people who are interested in recreation and sport activities. There are many examples of simple and sophisticated equipment, including computerized devices like wheelchairs for recreation and sport activities. There are sport competitions involving four groups of disabled sportspersons, namely: 1. The deaf, 2. People with physical disability, 3. People with intellectual (mental) disability, **Graded Activities** During initial stage activities should be simple and each activity should be based on a single action. There should be a gradual move from non-locomotor to locomotor to manipulated activities. For these activities, the level of assistance should be physical, verbal and independent. CWSN need help in learning a fundamental motor skill. It will need to be practiced with the students so they are able to visualize it through the teacher's body action. In addition, one can use videos. As they watch the video, words or phrases that highlight the important part on which the demonstration is focusing must be used. They could also be asked to demonstrate the skill to ensure the instructions have been understood before commencing practice and they must start practice immediately after viewing a demonstration. It's easier for children to be motivated when they enjoy the activity. At first, the CWSN should be encouraged to watch others. Once the child sees people having fun as they play, she/he will be motivated to participate too. Then, the child could be started on individual training, and transferred to a small group with supervision and reminder. The Teacher must act as a mediator, helping the CWSN interact with other members of the group. There should be individual check on each person who is participating and they should be motivated with reminders whenever they get distracted. Each person should be greeted before the session and each lesson should end with positive feedback. **Psychological Strategies** Because of previous exclusion or limited access, children with disabilities need a lot of motivation to participate in physical activity. It's all about the cycle of conditioning: active kids who stay active grow stronger and more physically literate as they age. The cycle of deconditioning works the same way: for children who don't participate, the less they do, the less they're able to do. In fact, "Psychological barriers are the most influential. Changing attitudes is the key to increasing participation..." These barriers include attitudes, opinions and perceptions preventing participation in sport. * Personal attitudes of persons with disability; * Attitude of non-disable people. All individuals benefit from regular physical activity and children with special needs especially gain from these physical, mental and social benefits of being active. Once children see improvements in muscle strength, coordination, and flexibility and experience better balance, motor skills and body awareness, they will have positive changes towards sports. It has been found that children with a disability choose to play sport for a number of reasons including: * To improve and learn new skills; * To have fun; * Stay fit; * Be physically challenged. Let me know if I can help with anything else.