Quality and Safety Management PDF

CEE311 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY/SENG CUIB DOUALA Eng Eric MBOKEH/Consultant in QHSE UNIT- IV: QUALITY AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT Concept of Total Quality Management, Safety Provisions as per National Proc...

CEE311 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY/SENG CUIB DOUALA Eng Eric MBOKEH/Consultant in QHSE UNIT- IV: QUALITY AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT Concept of Total Quality Management, Safety Provisions as per National Processing Code of Cameroon, Safety Equipment, MIS in Construction Project, Project Management System-MS Project, Processing and Chemical Industries. Concept of Total Quality Management: To understand the meaning of “Total quality management”, let us first know what does Quality mean? Quality refers to a parameter which decides the superiority or inferiority of a product or service. Quality can be defined as an attribute which differentiates a product or service from its competitors. Quality plays an essential role in every business. Total Quality Management Total Quality management is defined as a continuous effort by the management as well as employees of a particular organization to ensure long term customer loyalty and customer satisfaction. Total quality management ensures that every single employee is working towards the improvement of work culture, processes, services, systems and so on to ensure long term success. Total Quality management can be divided into four categories: (PDCA cycle) ▪ Plan ▪ Do ▪ Check ▪ Act Planning Phase Planning is the most crucial phase of total quality management. In this phase employees have to come up with their problems and queries which need to be addressed. They need to come up with the various challenges they face in their day to day operations and also analyze the problem’s root cause. Doing Phase In the doing phase, employees develop a solution for the problems defined in planning phase. Strategies are devised and implemented to overcome the challenges faced by employees. The effectiveness of solutions and strategies is also measured in this stage. Checking Phase Checking phase is the stage where people actually do a comparison analysis of before and after data to confirm the effectiveness of the processes and measure the results.  CEE311 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY/SENG CUIB DOUALA Eng Eric MBOKEH/Consultant in QHSE Acting Phase In this phase employees document their results and prepare themselves to address other problems. Total Quality Management Principles / Elements of TQM Total quality management can be summarized as a management system for a customer-focused organization that involves all employees in continual improvement. It uses strategy, data, and effective communications to integrate the quality discipline into the culture and activities of the organization. 1. Customer-focused The customer ultimately determines the level of quality. No matter what an organization does to foster quality—the customer determines whether the efforts were worthwhile. 2. Total employee involvement All employees participate in working toward common goals. Total employee commitment can only be obtained after fear has been driven from the workplace, when empowerment has occurred, and management has provided the proper environment. 3. Process-centered A fundamental part of TQM is a focus on process thinking. A process is a series of steps that take inputs from suppliers (internal or external) and transforms them into outputs that are delivered to customers (again, either internal or external). 4. Integrated system Although an organization may consist of many different functional specialties often organized into vertically structured departments, it is the horizontal processes interconnecting these functions that are the focus of TQM. 5. Strategic and systematic approach A critical part of the management of quality is the strategic and systematic approach to achieving an organization’s vision, mission, and goals. This process, called strategic planning or strategic management, includes the formulation of a strategic plan that integrates quality as a core component. 6. Continual improvement A major thrust of TQM is continual process improvement. Continual improvement drives an organization to be both analytical and creative in finding ways to become more competitive and more effective at meeting stakeholder expectations. 7. Fact-based decision making In order to know how well an organization is performing, data on performance measures are necessary. TQM requires that an organization continually collect and analyze data in order to improve decision making accuracy, achieve consensus, and allow prediction based on past history.  CEE311 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY/SENG CUIB DOUALA Eng Eric MBOKEH/Consultant in QHSE 8. Communications During times of organizational change, as well as part of day-to-day operation, effective communications plays a large part in Some general reasons for lack of conspicuous success of TQM include (i) lack of top down, high-level management commitment and involvement; (ii) inadequate use of statistical methods and insufficient recognition of variability reduction as a prime objective; (iii) diffuse as opposed to focused, specific objectives; and (iv) too much emphasis on widespread training as opposed to focused technical education and actual implementation. Importance of Quality Management “Quality management” ensures superior quality products and services. Quality management is essential for customer satisfaction which eventually leads to customer loyalty. Quality management tools help an organization to design and create a product which the customer actually wants and desires. Quality Management ensures increased revenues and higher productivity for the organization. Quality management helps organizations to reduce waste and inventory. Quality Management Tools Quality Management tools help employees identify the common problems which are occurring repeatedly and also their root causes. Following are the quality management tools: ▪ Check List - Check lists are useful in collecting data and information easily.Check list also helps employees to identify problems which prevent an organization to deliver quality products which would meet and exceed customer expectations. ▪ Pareto Chart - The credit for Pareto Chart goes to Italian Economist - Wilfredo Pareto. Pareto Chart helps employees to identify the problems, prioritize them and also determine their frequency in the system. ▪ The Cause and Effect Diagram - Also referred to as “Fishbone Chart” (because of its shape which resembles the side view of a fish skeleton) ▪ Histogram - Histogram, introduced representation showing intensity of a particular problem. Histogram helps identify the cause of problems in the system by the shape as well as width of the distribution.  CEE311 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY/SENG CUIB DOUALA Eng Eric MBOKEH/Consultant in QHSE ▪ Scatter Diagram - Scatter Diagram is a quality management tool which helps to analyze relationship between two variables. ▪ Graphs - Graphs are the simplest and most commonly used quality management tools. Total Quality management works on a very simple principle: Customers play an important role in total quality management. Customer feedbacks should be regularly and carefully monitored before formulating any major business strategy. Understand the needs and demands of the customers Total quality management ensures that employees understand their target customers Safety Provisions as per National Building Code of India Safety Management Safety is one of the vital issues in the success of the project. Safety programme ensures the worker to be mentally and physically prepared to execute a job quickly, fearlessly and efficiently. It must be part of every individual at every time during performance of any activity. Working in a fearless protected environment makes the team to be more productive and efficient. Safety is an important parameter to measure a project, as cost of implementation and time of completion of the project. Although every manager, supervisor, worker accept their safety requirement, hence Construction is highly accident prone industry. In India, construction industry is labour intensive, with unskilled and untrained worker. Fatal accidents and minor accidents are very frequent. They are unaware of the hazard during their work and generally the company hardly makes an effort to explain this worker's inherent risk involved with the job. Medical check-up of the workers is not carried out before engaging them in the construction work. Also, many accidents occur due to the use of improper tools and equipments. Improper methods and processes are used to cut the time of execution. Such as scaffoldings are not properly made, ladders are not checked properly. Many a time poor quality of safety belts are used, which gets broken during accident. The major causes of accidents in construction industry are due to – 1. Fall from high elevation 2. Electrification 3. Being struck by equipment 4. Being caught by equipment 5. Trench excavation, cave-in 6. Drowning (bridge and offshore construction)  CEE311 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY/SENG CUIB DOUALA Eng Eric MBOKEH/Consultant in QHSE 7. Overexertion 8. For construction, the 10 OSHA standards most frequently included in the agency’s citations in FY 2004 were: 1. Scaffolding 2. Fall protection (scope, application, definitions) 3. Excavations (general requirements) 4. Ladders 5. Head protection 6. Excavations (requirements for protective systems) 7. Hazard communication 8. Fall protection (training requirements) 9. Construction (general safety and health provisions) 10. Electrical (wiring methods, design and protection) It has been found that more than 40-50% of accidents due to fall from height or fall of an object. Salient Points of Safety Management It is the responsibility of the construction manager to create safety programs that will prevent these accidents. The philosophy of the company must be that all accidents are prevented and the actions expected to accomplish that goal must be clearly stated to the employees. Without a safety plan, a project cannot be described as a successful construction project. The safety should be the highest priority of the company. The company must be committed to the improvement of safety. The safety code of conduct should be communicated to the employees in the company, who should also be made aware of the pros and cons of the accidents. A company with a better culture of safety attracts the right kinds of employees and builds a good, consistent safety record. During the project planning in the beginning of the work, a unique job-specific safety plan must be developed. Safety Programs Safety program should be developed as a culture of the company. It should be at all times, at all places and all types of work. Every employee of the company should think and work about Safety. Supervisors and managers play a very important role in safety management. The workers  CEE311 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY/SENG CUIB DOUALA Eng Eric MBOKEH/Consultant in QHSE should feel that the safely constraints are for their betterment. A company can develop it own plan and culture. Some of the major components of a company safety plan should be – 1. First aid equipment should be available and known to the employee 2. Every employee's need requires personal safety equipment 3. Formal training program for each employee should be mandatory 4. Procedures for emergency evacuation of injured employees should be clearly explained and employees should be trained for such situations 5. Safety record and accident report of the company should be honestly examined 6. Site visit requirement for supervisory personnel plays a very important role in safety management 7. Training for all supervisors and the managers should be mandatory Construction Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Eye and Face Protection ▪ Safety glasses or face shields are worn any time work operations can cause foreign objects to get in the eye. For example, during welding, cutting, grinding, nailing (or when working with concrete and/or harmful chemicals or when exposed to flying particles). Wear when exposed to any electrical hazards, including working on energized electrical systems. ▪ Eye and face protectors – select based on anticipated hazards. Foot Protection ▪ Construction workers should wear work shoes or boots with slip-resistant and punctureresistant soles. ▪ Safety-toed footwear is worn to prevent crushed toes when working around heavy equipment or falling objects. Hand Protection ▪ Gloves should fit snugly. ▪ Workers should wear the right gloves for the job (examples: heavy-duty rubber gloves for concrete work; welding gloves for welding; insulated gloves and sleeves when exposed to electrical hazards). Head Protection ▪ Wear hard hats where there is a potential for objects falling from above, bumps to the head from fixed objects, or of accidental head contact with electrical hazards. ▪ Hard hats – routinely inspect them for dents, cracks or deterioration; replace after a heavy blow or electrical shock; maintain in good condition.  CEE311 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY/SENG CUIB DOUALA Eng Eric MBOKEH/Consultant in QHSE Hearing Protection ▪ Use earplugs/earmuffs in high noise work areas where chainsaws or heavy equipment are used; clean or replace earplugs regularly. MIS in Construction Project DEFINITION OF MIS: MIS has more than one definition, some of which are given below. 1. MIS is defined as a system which provides information support for decision making in the organization. 2. MIS is defined as an integrated system of man and machine for providing the information to support the operations, the management and the decision making function in the organization. 3. MIS is defined as a system based on the database of the organization evolved for the purpose of providing information to the people in the organization. 4. A Management Information System is An integrated user-machine system For providing information To support the operations, management, analysis, and decision-making functions The system utilizes Computer hardware & software Manual procedures Models for analysis, planning, control, and decision making, and a database MIS for Strategic & policy Planning and Decision making | Management information for tactical planning & decision making | Management information for Operational planning, decision making, and Control | Transaction processing Inquiry response  CEE311 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY/SENG CUIB DOUALA Eng Eric MBOKEH/Consultant in QHSE Fig: PYRAMID STRUCTURE OF MIS SUBSYSTEMS OF AN MIS: Two approaches of defining the subsystems of an MIS are: According to the organizational functions which they support According to managerial activities for which they are used. Role of Management Information Systems in an Organization The role of the MIS in an organization can be compared to the role of heart in the body. The information is the blood and MIS is the heart. In the body the heart plays the role of supplying pure blood to all the elements of the body including the brain. The heart works faster and supplies more blood when needed. It regulates and controls the incoming impure blood, processes it and sends it to the destination in the quantity needed. It fulfills the needs of blood supply to human body in normal course and also in crisis. MIS plays exactly the same role in the organization. The system ensures that an appropriate data is collected from the various sources, processed, and sent further to all the needy destinations. The system is expected to fulfill the information needs of an individual, a group of individuals, the management functionaries, the managers and the top management. MIS satisfies the diverse needs through a variety of systems such as Query Systems, Analysis Systems, Modeling Systems and Decision Support Systems, MIS helps in Strategic Planning, Management Control, Operational Control and Transaction Processing. STRUCTURE OF A MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM Information system can be classified in terms of the following. 1. Operating elements 2. Decision support 3. Management activity 4. Organizational function. Project Management System - MS Project. Microsoft Office Project, also referred to as Microsoft Project, is a suite of tools for more efficient project and portfolio management. Project is used in a variety of industries including construction, manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, government, retail, financial services and health care. The main modules of Microsoft Project include project work and project teams, schedules and finances. Microsoft Project is designed to help users set realistic goals for project teams and customers by creating schedules, distributing resources and managing budgets.  CEE311 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY/SENG CUIB DOUALA Eng Eric MBOKEH/Consultant in QHSE The Project Guide helps users create projects, track tasks, and report results. The software helps contractors gain control over their resources and finances by simplifying the assignment of resources to tasks and budgets to projects. Features Project creates budgets based on assignment work and resource rates. As resources are assigned to tasks and assignment work estimated, the program calculates the cost, equal to the work times the rate, which rolls up to the task level and then to any summary tasks and finally to the project level. Resource definitions (people, equipment and materials) can be shared between projects using a shared resource pool. Each resource can have its own calendar, which defines what days and shifts a resource is available. Resource rates are used to calculate resource assignment costs which are rolled up and summarized at the resource level. Each resource can be assigned to multiple tasks in multiple plans and each task can be assigned multiple resources, and the application schedules task work based on the resource availability as defined in the resource calendars. All resources can be defined in label without limit. Therefore, it cannot determine how many finished products can be produced with a given amount of raw materials. This makes Microsoft Project unsuitable for solving problems of available materials constrained production. Additional software is necessary to manage a complex facility that produces physical goods. The application creates critical path schedules, and critical chain and event chain methodology third-party add-ons also are available. Schedules can be resource leveled, and chains are visualized in a Gantt chart. Additionally, Microsoft Project can recognize different classes of users. These different classes of users can have differing access levels to projects, views, and other data. Custom objects such as calendars, views, tables, filters, and fields are stored in an enterprise global which is shared by all users