Qty Safety & Health Combined PDF

CMA483: Quality, Safety, Noor Sahidah Samsudin Health and Environment 1 Week 2 : Safety and Health Part 1 2 Definition : SAFETY : The condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury. The...

CMA483: Quality, Safety, Noor Sahidah Samsudin Health and Environment 1 Week 2 : Safety and Health Part 1 2 Definition : SAFETY : The condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury. The state of being relatively free from harm, danger, injury or damage. HEALTH State of complete physical, mental, and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (source , WHO) 3  CONSTRUCTION SAFETY & HEALTH IN MALAYSIA Construction industries in Malaysia have a poor health and safety record. From January – Nov 2020, there are 58 number of death out of 222 accident reported in construction industry (Department of Safety and Health, DOSH) The construction industry has long been considered as a Difficult, Dangerous and Dirty occupation due to the high number of accidents, injuries and deaths. 4  FATAL ACCIDENT CASES REPORTED TO DOSH 1. The elevator pit has been used to dispose of garbage. 2. Employers failed to provide SOP for A sub-contractor worker died after being cleaning work, especially waste disposal. Workers hit by building materials that fell from 3. The employer failed to block or close killed by Construction, 2020-10-21 the 16th floor while the victim was the door of the 16th floor pit elevator to building Sabah carrying out cleaning work, throwing prevent garbage or building materials materials construction rubbish in the elevator pit. from falling. 4. Employers fail to make HIRARC assessment using lift pit as temporary channel to dispose of garbage. 1. There is no effect of landslides on the slope near the place the machinery is placed. Mechanic died A mechanic died after being crushed by 2. There are no procedures related to crushed by Construction, a roller compactor machine that fell the repair of damaged machinery 2020-09-02 roller Johor near the slope while the victim was during use at this construction site. compactor inspecting the machine. 3. The roller compactor repair activity is not done in the place provided. 4. There is no monitoring of the repair work activities. 5  1. Employers fail to ensure occupational safety and health as A sub-contractor worker died Worker died far as is practical for the plumbing activities of the Rainwater Construction, after fall from 5th floor while 2020-08-22 falling from Drainage Roof System resulting in fatal accidents. Penang doing piping installation height 2. Employers fail to ensure occupational safety and health to works the extent that the practice of open holes is not closed safely. Two sub-contractor workers 2 workers killed died after being electrocuted Still under investigation with the Energy Commission and 2020-08-09 Construction, Johor by electric shock while undergoing cable Putrajaya DOSH Forensic Engineering Division. installation work. Contruction A foreign construction worker dies Construction site, worker died after falling 2020-07-28 Still under investigation. falling from Terengganu while doing patch work on a height single frame staging. 1. Employers fail to build temporary barriers to prevent landslides / land failures. The victim was a foreign 2. The employer fails to supervise during the plumbing work subcontractor worker working 3. The employer fails to establish a Safe Working Procedure for worker died as a death welder after being plumbing work. Construction site, 2020-07-14 buried in buried in a landslide while the 4. Employers fail to conduct risk analysis / HIRARC for Sarawak landslides victim was carrying out pipe plumbing work welding work at a depth of 5. The employer is instructed to conduct an internal more than 2 meters. investigation and hold all necessary documents and come to the office for the purpose of recording conversations and further investigations. Worker dies A sub-contractor worker 1. HIRARC on RE Wall installation activities should be after being Construction, died after being crushed by a reviewed. 2020-02-20 crushed by a Selangor retaining wall during the 2. The employer must conduct an internal investigation to retaining wall panel realignment work. prevent the same accident from recurring. panel 6  "i. There is no SOP for the opening of The victim of a sub-contractor worker the 'diagonal prop'. ii. No PIC for Died, crushed was killed after a concrete panel Construction , supervision and review of WPC works. 2019-02-02 by concrete collapsed during a pre-dumping work Selangor iii. No PE calculation for panel on the diagonal prop wall precast recommendation support for 'weight concrete (WPC). and design' for 'WPC base' " Three construction workers were killed Died, crushed "i) Failure to investigate the Site Safety Construction after crush by steel truss that collapsed 2019-02-15 by steel Supervisor (SSS) ii. The site has yet to ,Penang due to a crushing of the mobile aerial structure be registered with JKKP platform Victims of a sub-contractor worker to Died falling Construction 2018-12-28 work on plastering wall plaster after *no information from height Sarawak falling from level 11. A building structure collapsed while two workers were opening the mold of Collapse of RC Coping while their position was Reinforced Construction exactly above the structure. As a result, 2013-06-05 Failure of structure Concrete Site - Johor the two workers fall down to the Coping ground. One of them suffered minor injuries while another was killed after the structure collapsed on him. 7  https://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/fatal-accident-case-1 During the incident, the victim was carrying out piling works. Suddenly, the Death by Construction piling machine collapsed and the victim 2012-04-22 No safe work procedures for piling works suffocation Site - Johor who was in the piling machine cabin could not escape as the cabin sinked into soft earth. Victim died due to suffocation when he accidentally fell into a ditch which the Died being Construction 2013-03-14 victim himself digged and the Unsafe working area buried Site - Johor surrounding earth afterwards fell into the ditch burying the victim. The victim is believed to be lifting a pipe using a tractor at the time of the incident. Died being Construction 2013-07-17 He was trying to loose the chain once the pipe was laid on the ground, then hit by object Site - Johor suddenly the bucket at the back of the tractor alighted and hit the victim's head. Died Incident occured during housekeeping crushed by Construction Brickwork of the wall was not properly 2013-12-12 works when suddenly a wall collapsed collapsing Site - Johor done and crash onto the victim. wall Work premises seems watery and Died due to Victim was allegedly electrocuted while through observation it was found that Construction 2013-10-22 electric cleaning the pipeline of new installed air severe electrical wiring was not properly Site - Johor shock conditioner. maintained and fully inspected by a competent person. 8  CONSTRUCTION SAFETY & HEALTH IN MALAYSIA (Cont’d) Construction workers are exposed to: Lack of standard guidelines on construction industry Falling from heights, requirements for the development of safety and health solutions in the industry; movement of the plant and machinery, electrical shocks, Lack of the communication between those in charge of construction processes and the workers executing them drowning, excessive noise etc. Misconception that occupational safety and health is an unnecessary expenditure that can be saved; The causes for the high number of incidents are: Lack of information on know-how on the occupational Lack of trained workers and competent site safety and health latest technology supervisors on construction occupational safety and health; Senior managers of the construction do not understand the benefits of having occupational safety and health Lack of occupational safety and health programs and how it could increase their productivity in information, training materials, courses and programmes for the benefit of workers in construction sector and inadequate provision of budget construction industry; and unclear specification on safety and health requirements for safety and health programs at the construction site; and Lack of enforcement on mandatory safety requirements. 9 Persons working in the construction industry are six times more likely to be injured than those in all other industries. 4th D = Death ! 10 Why OSH ? 11 12  A view of the location of the incident where a gantry crane component fell at the Sungai Besi Ulu-Klang Expressway (SUKE) construction site near Puncak Banyan, Persiaran Alam Damai, Cheras, March 24, 2021. — Bernama pic Construction worker buried alive under landslide construction site in Kota One construction Damansara,, worker killed, another July 2020 hurt in Penang pillar collapse, Dec 2020 13  IMPORTANCE OF OSH : Ensure the workers can perform their work, ensure the smoothness of work progress on site and the project be able to complete as scheduled (Tey, 1990) Rate of injury at construction site in a big company can be reduce by good safety program. The success of a big company in tackling safety aspects is due to there are safety competency certificate holders exist among its workers not withstanding any working level (Hinze & Harrison, 1981) Good safety programs can help in reducing injuries at construction site and also minimise construction costs, increase productivity and profitability and more importantly it could save lives of workers and consequently contribute positively to construction industry (Khalid 1996) One of the most effective strategies in for holding down the cost of doing construction business is by providing a safe and healthy workplace. Accidents cause not only delays in operations and project deliverables but also directly and indirectly incur costs (Bakri et al, 2006). 14  BENEFITS of OSH Translate performance into dollars and sense: Fewer injuries Improve morale Real cost reduction – improved profitability Better performance in non-safety areas as a result of commitment to a quality management process Improved company reputation Ensure legal compliance Improved relationship with authorities 15  CONSTRUCTION WORK PROCESS CONSTRUCTION systematic approach to PROJECT evaluate Tenderers OSH capabilities & resources TENDER EVALUATION & SELECTION PRE-TENDER STAGE incorporated OSH requirements into specification CONTRACT documents MANAGEMENT COMPLETION OF PROJECT monitored and supervised TENDER STAGE Contactor’s OSH performance for the duration of the contract 16  Contract Specification under OSH Requirement indicating Contractor to OSH is an comply specific important OSH priority requirements Contractor to Contractor to verify demonstrate implementatio having OSH n & practice System 17  PARTIES INVOLVED IN SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) The Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) is a department under the Ministry of Human Resources. This department is responsible for ensuring the safety, health and welfare of people at work as well as protecting other people from the safety and health hazards arising from the work activities. National Institute of Safety and Health (NIOSH) The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness. Although NIOSH is generally characterized as a non-regulatory agency, guidance and recommendations issued by NIOSH are often used by other agencies responsible for developing and enforcing workplace safety and health regulations. 18  Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) of Malaysia Construction Industry Development Board was established under the Construction Industry Development Board Act 1994 (Act 520) to regulate, develop and facilitate the construction industry towards achieving global competitiveness. The Board advises the Federal and the State Governments, as well as other stakeholders on matters affecting or connected with the construction industry. The Act 520 spells out CIDB's functions as listed below: To promote and stimulate the development, improvement and expansion of the construction industry. To promote, stimulate and undertake research into any matter relating to the construction industry. To promote, stimulate and assist in the export of service relating to the construction industry. To advise and make recommendations to the Federal Government and the State Government on matters affecting or connected with the construction industry. To provide consultancy and advisory services with respect to the construction industry. To promote and encourage quality assurance in the construction industry. To regulate the conformance of standards for construction workmanship and materials. To obtain, publish, initiate and maintain information relating to the construction industry including the establishment of a construction industry information system. To provide, promote, review and coordinate training in the construction industry. To register and accredit contractors, to impose any conditions of registrations and accreditation of the contractors and to revoke, suspend or reinstate the registration and accreditation, and To register, accredit and certifying building personnel and to cancel, suspend or reinstate registration, accreditation and certification of such building personnel. Regulating implementation for safe and quality construction work. To regulate the implementation of the Industrial Buildings System in the construction industry. To manage any complaints or reports made in respect of any failure of construction work or completed construction work affecting public safety and take appropriate action to handle it. 19  BACKGROUND OF OSH LEGISLATION Traditional approach had major shortcomings – outdated, prescriptive and limited in coverage OSHA 1994 provides legislative framework to promote, stimulate, and encourage high standards of Health and Safety at work Superimposed over existing legislation such as Factories & Machineries Act, 1967 20 2021  FMA 1967 OSHA 1994 Objectives: Objectives : To provide for the control to secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at factories with respect to work against risks out of the activities at work; safety, health and welfare to protect person at a place of work other than Inspection and persons at work against risks out of the activities at registration of machinery PARADIGM work; SHIFT to promote an occupational environment for persons Note: the act applies to at work which is adapted to their physiological and factory & construction psychological needs; sites to provide the means to be progressively replaced by a system of regulations and approved industry code Prescriptive and to maintain or improve the standards of safety Limited and health. Government Dependent Self regulation (14 Regulations ) Consultation Workers Cooperation Broad range of the Working Population (7 Regulations + 2 Orders) 21 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT 1994 This act was enacted on 24th February 1994 by DYMM SPB Yang di-pertuan Agong in Malaysian Parliament. Applies throughout Malaysia to the industries specified in the First Schedule. Nothing in this act shall apply to work aboard ships governed by the Merchant Shipping Ordinance 1952, the Merchant Shipping Ordinance 1960 of Sabah or Sarawak or the armed forces. Industries specified in first schedule: 1. Manufacturing 2. Mining and Quarrying 3. Construction 4. Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 5. Utilities; Electricity, Gas, Water and Sanitary Services. 6. Transport, Storage and Communication 7. Wholesale and Retail Trades 8. Hotel and Restaurants 9. Finance, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services 10. Public Services and Statutory Authorities. 22  SCOPE OF OSHA 1994 Person at work: In all economic activities including public services and statutory authorities Except: 1. Military and Armed Forces 2. On boards ships or moving vessel in international water 23  PART V - GENERAL DUTIES OF DESIGNERS, ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS PART XI - ENFORCEMENT AND INVESTIGATION 39. Powers of entry, inspection, examination, seizure, 20. General duties of manufacturers, etc. as regards plant etc. PART 1 - PRELIMINARY for use at work. 40. Entry into premises with search warrant and power 1. Short title and application. 21. General duties of manufacturers, etc. as regards of seizure. 2. Prevailing laws. substances for use at work. 41.Entry into premises without search warrant and 3. Interpretation. 22. Explanations to sections 20 and 21. power of seizure. 23. Penalty for an offence under section 20 or 21. 42. Power of forceful entry and service on occupier of 4. Objects of the Act. signed copy of list of things seized from premises. PART VI - GENERAL DUTIES OF EMPLOYEES 43. Further provisions in relation to inspection. PART II - APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS 44. Power of investigation. 24. General duties of employees at work. 45. Power to examine witnesses. 5. Appointment of Officers. 25. Duty not to interfere with or misuse things provided 46. Employer, etc., to assist officer. 6. Appointment of independent inspecting body pursuant to certain provisions. 47. Offenses in relation to inspection. 7. Certificate of authorization 26.Duty not to charge employees for things done or 48. Improvement notice and prohibition notice. provided. 49. Penalty for failure to comply with notice. PART III - NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR 27. Discrimination against employee, etc. 50. Aggrieved person may appeal. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH PART XII - LIABILITY FOR OFFENSES 8. Establishment of the Council. PART VII - SAFETY AND HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS 51. General penalty. 28. Medical surveillance. 52. Offenses committed by body corporate. 9. Membership of the Council. 29. Safety and health officer 10. Second Schedule to apply. 53. Offenses committed by trade union. 30. Establishment of safety and health committee at place 54. Offenses committed by agent. 11. Powers and functions of the Council. of work. 55. Defence. 12.Appointment of secretary to the Council. 31. Functions of safety and health committee. 56. Body corporate or trade union liable to fine. 13. Committees. 57. Aiding and abetting. 14. Annual report. PART VIII - NOTIFICATION OF ACCIDENTS, 58. Safeguards against further personal liability. DANGEROUS OCCURRENCE, OCCUPATIONAL 59. Civil liability not affected by Parts IV, V and VI. 60. Onus of proving limits of what is practicable. PART IV - GENERAL DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS POISONING AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES, AND 61. Prosecutions. AND SELF-EMPLOYED PERSONS INQUIRY 62. Compounding of offenses. 15. General duties of employers and self-employed 32. Notification of accidents, dangerous occurrence, persons to their employees. occupational poisoning and occupational diseases, PART XIII - APPEALS 16. Duty to formulate safety and health policy. and inquiry. 63. Appeal committees. 17. General duties of employers and self-employed 33. Director General may direct inquiry to be held. 64. Powers of appeal committee. 34. Power of occupational safety and health officer at 65. Decision of appeal committee. persons to persons other than their employees. inquiry. PART XIV - REGULATIONS 18. Duties of an occupier of a place of work to 66. Regulations. persons other than his employees. PART IX - PROHIBITION AGAINST USE OF PLANT OR 19. Penalty for an offence under section 15. 16. 17 SUBSTANCE PART XV - MISCELLANEOUS or 18 35. Power to prohibit the use of plant or substance 67. Duty to keep secret. 36. Aggrieved person may appeal. PART X - INDUSTRY CODES OF PRACTICE 37. Approval of industry codes of practice. 38. Use of industry codes of practice in proceedings. 24  Regulations: 1. OSH (Employers’ Safety & Health General Policy Statements) (Exception) Reg 1995 2. OSH (Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards) Reg 1996 3. OSH (Safety & Health Officer) Reg 1997 4. OSH (Notification of Accident, Dangerous Occurrence, Occupational Poisonings and Occupational Diseases) Reg 2004 5. OSH (Safety and Health Committee) Reg 1996 6. OSH (Classification, Packaging & Labelling of Hazardous to Health) Reg 1997 7. OSH (Use & Standards or Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to Health) Reg 2000 25  Guidelines Code of Practice: 1. Occupational Safety & Health in the Office 2. Safety & Health in Tunnel Construction 3. Classification of Chemical Hazardous to Health 4. Labelling of Chemicals Hazardous to Health 5. Formulation of Chemical Safety Data Sheet 6. First Aid Facalities at Workplace 7. Registration of Assessor, Hygiene Technician & Occupational Health Doctor. 8. Trenching Safety for Construction Site 9. Preparation of Register of Chemicals Hazardous to Health 10.Code of Practice for Safe Working in Confined Space 26  PART IV GENERAL DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS AND SELF-EMPLOYED PERSONS So far as is practicable: Provide and maintain plant and safe system of work Make arrangements for the safe use, operation, handling, storage and transportation of substances and plant Provide information, instruction, training and supervision Provide and maintain place of work and means of access to and egress from any place of work Provide and maintain working environment that is safe and without health risk and with adequate welfare OTHER DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS, SELF-EMPLOYED AND OCCUPIERS Section 16 - Formulate written statement of his policy on OSH Conduct undertaking in such manner not to effect the other persons not his employees Provide information to other persons on ways his undertaking may effect them 27  PART V PART VI GENERAL DUTIES OF GENERAL DUTIES OF DESIGNERS, MANUFACTURES EMPLOYEES AND SUPPLIERS (PLANT & Section 24 SUBSTANCE) To take responsible care to avoid injury to themselves or to others by their work activities General Duties Of Manufacturers, Etc As Regards Plant For Use At Work (Section To cooperate with employers and others in meeting 20) statutory requirements So far as is practicable: Not to interfere with or misuse anything provided to To ensure plant/substance is designed and protect their safety, health or welfare in compliance with constructed to be safe and without risk to the act health when properly used Is protected from being discriminated or injured or has his position altered to his advantages Arrange for carrying out of testing and examination on the plant or substance PART VII SAFETY & HEALTH ORGANISATIONS Adequate information MEDICAL SURVEILLANCE (Section 28) For designers or manufacturers, to arrange From a certain class or description of industries, whose operation may pose risks to health of workers, the Minister for research to eliminate or minimize risks may through regulations, require that medical surveillance be carried out by persons registered with the Director General Safe erection and installation SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER (Section 29) An occupier of a place of work to which this section applies shall employ a competent person to act as a safety and health officer at the place of work 28  Requirement of Safety and Health Officer in Construction Project CHAIRMAN Safety and Health Officer (SHO) Project cost >RM 20m Site Safety Supervisor (Main con.) SECRETARY All construction site > 15 hour/week Contractor Safety Supervisor (Sub-con.) WORKERS MANAGEMENT REPS REPS > 7 hour/week Meeting at least once in 3 months SAFETY AND HEALTH COMMITEES Manage safety and health issues (Section 30) Main function: Every employer shall establish a safety and to keep under review the measures taken health committee a the place of work in to ensure the safety and health of accordance with this section if; persons at the workplace and investigate there are 40 or more persons employed any related matter arising at the place of work or the Director General directs the establishment of such committee at the place of work 29  FUNCTIONS OF SAFETY AND HEALTH COMMITTEE MEMBERS Investigate any safety and health matters that was brought to their attention by another employee. Report such safety and health matter to the employer Investigate accidents/incidents in his/her workplace Identify hazards in the workplace by doing regular inspections. Reporting such hazards in the correct manner. Attend safety and health Committee meetings and advise them on matters affecting safety and health of employees at work and causes of accidents/incidents. Review the effectiveness of the safety and health measures. Consult with inspectors at the workplace and accompany them on inspections of workplace. 30  PART VIII NOTIFICATION OF ACCIDENTS, DANGEROUS OCCURENCES, OCCUPATIONAL POISONING AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES AND INQUIRY (NADOOPOD) An employer shall notify the nearest DOSH office of any ADOOPOD which has occurred or is likely to occur at the work place Medical Officer to report a patient whom he believes to be suffering from any of the diseases listed in the Third Schedule of the FMA 1967 31  NOTIFICATION OF ACCIDENTS, DANGEROUS OCCURENCES, OCCUPATIONAL POISONING AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES REGULATION 2004 ❖ TWO-TIER SYSTEM First-level: Report by the quickest possible means (telephone, fax, email, letter) if the accident that occurs: Causes death Causes serious bodily injury Prevents the victim from doing his normal work for more than 4 days Is a dangerous occurrence Submit report in writing in the prescribed form within 7 days The second-level: Any other type of accident other than described above, Record detail in a log and submit a summary before 31st January the following year Delayed action: If within one year of a work accident the injured person dies, then the employer must report the death of the worker to the Director general (DG) of DOSH in writing. 32  ACCIDENT NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES (Section 32) Where the accident or dangerous occurrence causes a fatality or serious damage to plant or other property, no person shall, unless authorized in writing to do so by a DOSH Officer, remove or interfere with plant/ equipment or other evidence except such removal is meant to save life & property: o Prevent injury to or relieve suffering of persons o Maintain the essential access for the general public, and o Prevent further damage to or loss of property PART IX PROHIBITION AGAINST USE OF PLANT OR SUBSTANCE DG may by order prohibit the use of any plant or substance which in his opinion is likely to effect the safety and health of person at work ENFORCEMENT AND INVESTIGATION An OSH Officer at any reasonable time and upon the production of his certificate of authorization enter, inspect and examine any place of work other than a place used solely for residential purposes. 33  OSH EMPLOYERS’ SAFETY & HEALTH GENERAL POLICY STATEMENTS (EXCEPTION) REGULATION 1995 Section 16 of the Act apply to every employer and every self-employed person except to those with less than 5 employees 34 35  CMA483: Quality, Safety, Noor Sahidah Samsudin Health and Environment 1 Week 3 : Safety and Health Part 2 2  OSH Management System : OSHMS is a set of interrelated or interacting elements to establish and implement OSH policy and objectives, and also to achieve those objectives. OSHMS is basically part of the organisation's overall management system and used to manage OSH risks. Compliance with the OSH requirements pursuant to national laws and regulations, and practice, is the responsibility and duty of the employer. The employer must show strong leadership and commitment to OSH activities in the organisation, and make appropriate arrangements for the establishment of an OSHMS. The system includes the main elements of policy, organising, planning and implementation, evaluation and action for improvement 3 ELEMENTS OF OSH Policy Evaluation Include activities related to the development of the Addresses those functions associated with measuring the organisation's OSH policy statement and structures management system's performance. This involves the and practices that insure active and meaningful development of performance monitoring and measurement worker participation in OSH arrangement. protocols, investigation practices for accidents, auditing methods and management review arrangement. Organising Addresses the establishment of OSH responsibilities Action for Improvement and accountabilities structures, a training system, Addresses issues associated with preventive/corrective competency definitions, documentation practices actions and continual improvement. With the information and a communication system. obtained from performance monitoring and measurement, investigations, audits, and management review, Planning & Implementing appropriate prevention/corrective and continual Addresses those activities associated with the improvement actions can be taken. fulfilment of the principles expressed in the OSH policy statement. These activities include the initial assessment of the OSH arrangement that then support the actual system planning, development and implementation functions. 4 IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK 5 POLICY An OSH policy is a written document which expresses the organisation‟s commitment to employee‟s health, safety and well being. It is a foundation for the efforts taken to provide a suitable working environment. The policy should influence all the activities including the selection of people, equipment and materials, the way work is done and how you design and provide goods and services. The policy statement can be brief, but it would mention: commitment to prevent work related incident OSH commitment to comply with relevant national OSH legislations and other POLICY requirements to which the organization subscribes. management's commitment to protect the safety and health of employees. management’s commitment to improve the performance of the OSHMS who is responsible for occupational safety and health policy the general responsibilities of all employees The policy statement may include: safety and health shall not be sacrificed for expediency unacceptable performance of safety and health duties will not be tolerated the organization's basic safety and health philosophy 6 POLICY The policy should be: Drawn in participation with employees and their representatives, Stated in clear, unambiguous, and unequivocal terms, Signed by the most senior accountable person in the OSH organization, POLICY Kept up-to-date, Communicated to employees and individual or groups concerned with or affected by the OSH performance, Adhered to in all work activities. 7  Situation where employees are involved in some way with decision-making regarding safety and health issues in a organization. OSH participation involves: the sharing of relevant information about OSH and welfare with employees; giving employees the opportunity to express their views and to contribute to the resolution of OSH and welfare issues; and valuing the views of employees and taking them into account. Employee Participation Encouragement on by the following but not limited to these procedures: Formal management and employee participations through OSH councils and similar bodies; Involvement in hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control; Initiatives to encourage employee OSH participations, review and improvement activities in the workplace, and feedback to management on OSH issues; Employee OSH representatives with defined roles and communication mechanisms with management, including, for example, involvement in accident and incident investigation, site inspection and etc. 8  Employees participation may take place via three methods: OSH Committee - where employees are elected to an OSH Committee. OSH Representatives - representatives are elected by other employees of the business Other agreed arrangements such as : o Holding regular staff meetings where employees have their Employee concerns o Considered by employer (OSH could be made a regular agenda Participation item) o Holding specific OSH meetings when concerns are discussed o Holding „tool box‟ meetings which are informal meetings, where the employer and employees can discuss OSH concerns and issues. o Training on all aspect of OSH including emergency arrangements associated with their work 9 ORGANIZING ORGANIZING addressed the establishment of OSH responsibilities, accountabilities, structures, a training system, competency definitions, documentation practices and a communication system. The role, responsibility, accountability and authority of employees who perform duties that are part of the OSHMS must be clearly defined, documented and communicated to respective employees through job descriptions, manuals and procedures. All employees should possess the necessary mental skills (e.g. knowledge capability), physical preparation, and knowledge to work safely. Management and employees should demonstrate competence to safely conduct or supervise work. This competence can be acquired through a combination of education, certification(s), experience, and workplace training. The organisation should give specific consideration to the competency requirement for those person(s) who will be: the management representative performing hazard identification risk assessment and risk control (HIRARC) performing exposure assessment performing audit performing behavioural observation performing incident investigation performing high risk task others who may require competency in carrying out their work safely. 10 ORGANIZING The organization should maintain up-to-date documentation that is sufficient to ensure that its OSHMS can be adequately understood and effectively and efficiently implemented. Generally, the OSHMS documentation consists of: OSHMS Manual - describes how the organization will implement each element of the OSHMS and their inter-relations Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) - includes control of documents, hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control, emergency prevention, preparedness and response, procurement, contracting, incident investigation, audit Operation Controls /Work Instructions specific This figure present the document and record management to the processes and plant. schematic. It shows the relationship between the highest level, policy statements, then procedures, work instructions and finally Forms to support the above documentation. records. This hierarchy well established in all management system structures throughout the world. 11 ORGANIZING The organization should maintain up-to-date documentation that is sufficient to ensure that its OSHMS can be adequately understood and effectively and efficiently implemented. Generally, the OSHMS documentation consists of: OSHMS Manual - describes how the organization will implement each element of the OSHMS and their inter-relations Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) - includes control of documents, hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control, emergency prevention, preparedness and response, procurement, contracting, incident investigation, audit Operation Controls /Work Instructions specific to the processes and plant. Forms to support the above documentation. The employer should set up a COMMUNICATION system to draft, update and disseminate OSH related information across the organization. Communication system includes all communications channels whether verbal, written or electronic communication. Communication can be in the form such as: OSH briefings for employees and other interested parties, Notice boards containing OSH performance data, newsletter, poster, etc. Providing coaching session(s) and demonstrations Organisation's booklets Sending memos 12 Intranet/ internet PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION To conduct INITIAL REVIEW and the result shall serve as a basis for establishing an OSHMS. Some of useful documents and records to be reviewed during the initial review include but not limited to: audit reports and findings; exposure, hazard, and/or risk assessments; relevant local and national OSH laws and regulations; existing OSH program/system manuals, policies, and/or procedures; regulators citations and/or fines; audit findings, SOPs and recommendations; and OSH training procedures and records The result of the initial review should be reported and documented including: Method of conducting initial review e.g. interview, workshop, meetings etc; Sources of information; Findings on current status; and Recommendations (may include plan of action) OSH OBJECTIVES need to be specific, measureable, time-bound activities which the employers develop for the purpose of improving working conditions. Clear objectives can lead to measureable goals, and enable the organization to determine whether or not it is being effective in achieving these goals. 13 PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION HIRARC – Hazard identification is the process of identifying hazards in the workplace or for a work procedure. Risk assessment involves the estimation and evaluation of risks levels taking into account the existing controls. Risk is estimated by taking into consideration the levels of likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event with specified period or in specified circumstances and the severity of injury or damage. Appropriate risk control should be established and implemented according to the level of risks identified. Determining whether these risks are tolerable; and determining the appropriate risk controls, where these are found to be necessary (workplace hazards and the way they are to be controlled are often defined in regulations, codes of practice, guidance published by regulators, and industry guidance documents). 14 The relative risk value can be used to prioritize necessary actions to effectively manage work place hazards. Table D determines priority based on the following ranges of risk value: 15 16 17 Emergency management is a comprehensive system set up to address and handles man-made and natural hazards. It has four phases: 1. Prevention - efforts attempt to prevent hazards from developing into disasters altogether, or to reduce the effects of disasters when they occur. The 2. Preparedness - consist advance planning and preparation process for emergencies. 3. Response - includes the mobilization of the necessary emergency services and first responders in the disaster area. 4. Recovery - to restore the affected area to its previous state including rebuilding destroyed property, re-employment, and the repair of other essential infrastructure. The MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE addresses OSH concerns and issues associated with the installation of new processes or modification of existing processes or operations (internal changes), or changes in legislations or voluntary code of practices (external changes). Organisational merger may introduce new work processes activities, and accommodation of new set of employees which may introduce new or additional hazards and risks. Management of change arrangements typically includes the review of the following: the overall arrangement and functioning of processes & procedures, raw materials used in existing processes, OSH controls, stationary and mobile equipment, facility fixtures, available resources and OSH arrangement costs, employee skills, training and the controllability of their behaviour, emergency/disaster preparedness arrangements, regulations/standards updates and revisions. 18 The organisation should establish a documented procedure for controlling the process of PROCUREMENT. The following should also be considered in developing and maintaining procurement procedure: 1. General control measures 2. Performance of hazardous tasks 3. Use, handling, storage and security of hazardous materials 4. Facilities and equipment's including personal protective equipment's 5. contractors and external personnel related to the implementation of procurement 19 CONTRACTING : There are different types of contractors and they may require specific safety and health arrangements. Examples are; Long-term contract employees who provide support on a daily basis for an extended period of time (e.g. security services, janitorial). Vendors who provide services on a regular basis, but who may only be on site for short period (e.g. short-term facilities maintenance). Construction work related to the modifications of the facility or installation of equipments (e.g. major construction, plumbing repairs). Arrangements for contractors working on site should: include OSH criteria in procedures for evaluating and selecting contractors; establish effective ongoing communication and coordination between appropriate levels of the organisation and the contractor prior to commencing work. This should include provisions for communicating hazards and the measures to prevent and control them; include arrangements for reporting of work-related fatalities, injuries, disabilities, ill health, diseases and near misses among the contractors' employees while performing work for the organisation; provide relevant workplace safety and health hazard awareness and training to contractors or their employees prior to commencing work and as work progresses, as necessary; regularly monitor OSH performance of contractor activities on site; and ensure that on-site OSH procedures and arrangements are followed by the contractor. 20 EVALUATION PERFORMANCE MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT are important inmanaging OSH issues in the organization. They provide feedback on what is happening so that we can shape appropriate actions to respond to changing circumstances. 21  Audits should be conducted by competent persons, Incidents Investigation - The organisation internal or external to the organisation that is should establish, implement and maintain independent of the activity being audited. The procedures to notify, investigate record, internal auditor should be selected and trained by analyze and document all OSH related the organisation in a manner to ensure objectivity incidents. and impartiality of the audit process. All work-related fatalities, injuries, disabilities, The OSHMS audit process consists of series of well ill health, diseases and near misses shall be planned phases. Each phase is intended to notified to the employer and/or relevant achieve certain objectives and is dependent on the authorities in accordance to national laws for it results of the preceding phase. to be investigated by the organisation. In order to prevent recurrence, the The OSHMS audit phases can be divided into: investigation should determine the root causes a) Before Audit - Planning – who, what, when, of all incidents where, and how related to audit objective, criteria in order to identify: and scope, Preparation-tools needed for audit b) During (site) Audit - Opening meeting, Verifying a) the need for corrective action(s); compliance to audit criteria by reviewing, b) opportunities for preventive action(s); documentation, interviewing key persons and c) opportunities for continual improvement. observing work conditions, Closing meeting c) After Audit - Write audit report d) Conducting audit follow up 22 MANAGEMENT REVIEW should be carried out by the employer and senior management, on a regular basis (e.g. quarterly, semi-annually, or annually) and can be carried out by meetings or other communication means. Partial management reviews of the performance of the OSH MS can be held at more frequent intervals, if appropriate. Different reviews may address different elements of the overall management review. The management representative has the responsibility for ensuring that reports on the overall performance of the OSH MS are presented to employer and senior management, for review. 23 Management review should ensure the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the OHSMS by: a) evaluating the results and trends of incident investigations; performance monitoring and measurement; and audit findings; b) Evaluating internal and external inputs as well as changes, including the needs of the organisation, that could affect the OSHMS; c) evaluating the overall strategy of the OSHMS to determine whether it meets planned objectives; d) evaluating the need for changes to the OSHMS, including OSH policy and objectives; e) identifying action(s) that is necessary to remedy any deficiencies in a timely manner, including adaptations of other aspects of the organisational structure and performance measurement; f) evaluating the effectiveness of follow-up actions from earlier management reviews; and g) providing feedback and direction, including the determination of priorities, for meaningful planning and continual improvement. 24 The findings from management review should be consistent with the organisation's commitment to continual improvement and should include any decisions and actions related to possible changes to: a) OSHMS performance; b) OSHMS policy and objectives ; c) current hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control processes; d) current levels of risk and the effectiveness of existing control measures; e) adequacy of resources (financial, employee, material); f) the state of emergency prevention, preparedness and response; g) an assessment of the effects of foreseeable changes to legislation or technology; and h) other elements of the OSHMS. 25 ACTION FOR IMPROVEMENT The organization should have effective procedures for PREVENTIVE AND CORRECTIVE action resulting from OSHMS performance monitoring and measurements, OSHMS audits and management reviews. These arrangements should include: a) identifying and analysing the root causes of any non-conformities with relevant applicable National Laws and legislations and/or OSHMS requirements; b) reviewing potential problems and deciding appropriate control measure to stop the problem from occurring. Whenever the preventive and control measure is inadequate then the new control measure should be implemented (see 3.3.3.3); c) the response and timing of such actions appropriate to the nature and scale of the nonconformity and the OSH risk; and d) completed and documented. 26 Arrangements for CONTINUAL IMPROVEMENT should be establish which may include the following steps: Step 1: Analyze continual improvement elements based on the following information; the OSH objectives of the organisation; the results of hazard identifications and risk assessments; the results of performance monitoring and measurements; the investigation of work-related fatalities, injuries, disabilities, diseases, ill health, near misses and the results and recommendations of audits; the outcomes of the management review; the recommendations for improvement from all members of the organisation, including the safety and health committee, where it exists; Changes in national laws and regulations, voluntary programmes and collective agreements; new relevant information; and the results of employees health surveillance, health protection and promotion programmes. Step 2: Exploring opportunities for improvement such as; Reduction of the resources Reduction ill health Reduction in workplace incident Increase in employee participation Increase in hazard reporting 27 Step 3: Create an action plan Based on the opportunities then define responsibilities and resources to be made available for implementing the plan. Step 4: Communicate action plan to the relevant person Step 5: Monitor implementation plan The safety and health processes and performance of the organisation should be compared with others for benchmarking in order to improve OSH performance of the organisation. Output of continual improvement can contribute to the following: a better year on year result, as measured by falling rates of all work-related fatalities, injuries, disabilities, ill health, diseases and near misses; achieving in steady or improved results, but with fewer resources because the OSHMS itself improves and effort is better targeted; a situation that moves the culture of the whole organisation across a threshold into a new state of effectiveness and efficiency, often described as “breakthrough performance”; and Improvement in the system itself, so that it is more comprehensive, easier to understand, or in other respects better than before. 28 29  CMA483: Quality, Safety, Noor Sahidah Samsudin Health and Environment 1 Week 4 : Safety and Health Part 3 2  Pre-Construction OSH Preparation : Introduction : PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT Proper planning should be an integral part of efficient running of a construction operation. It is not only for overall preparation and budgeting purposes but also a proactive measure for handling and managing occupational safety and health matters for the work to be carried out. Examine contract documents, specifications and drawings to establish any constrains which might affect the site layout or method of construction 3 PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT Determine logical sequence of work and identify any high-risk operations, hazardous process, etc. Determine the type and capacity of plant and need for competent operators: Crane, Lifting Appliances, Mobile Plant, Power Supply, Workshop Requirement, On Site Transportation, Access Equipment etc Location of Determine requirements for temporary accommodations Sites Environmental : Canteen, Temporary Accommodation, Site Office, Matters welfare, First Aid Facilities etc. Determine storage requirements e.g., for, Steel, Formwork, Cements, Pre-cast Units, Scaffolding, Bricks, Blocks & Sand, Structural elements, Highly flammable liquids, LPG, explosives and waste. Define areas of the site for: access for plant, materials and emergency services, fixed plant, e.g., tower cranes, batching plant, bar bending and workshops, mobile plant, e.g., cranes, dumpers, forklifts, concrete trucks, Nature of Site pumps, etc. temporary accommodation. material storage. Determine measures for site security and protection of the public, particularly children, and arrangements for liaison with neighbourhood Sets out the arrangements for securing OSH at work based on preliminary assessment outcome. 4 DEVELOPING PROJECT SAFETY PLAN Arrangeme nts for It should include: HIRARC, ERP, etc. 1. OSH Policy & 2. Assignment of OSH Objectives responsibilities 3. Methods for HIRAC, 4. Accident investigation & Project Safety Arrangements JSA, etc. reporting & for Control & Health Plan Monitoring of 5.On-site ERP 6. Site communications OSH 7. Safety audit program 8. Co-ordination of on-site trade activities OSH risks to workers & others 5 POLICY ORGANIZING 1. Individual job descriptions having a safety content. 2. Details of specific safety responsibilities. 3. The role and function of safety committee(s). 4. The role and function of SHO & SSS. 5. an organization chart - lines of responsibility & accountability 6  ARRANGEMENT SITE SECURITY 1. This part deals with the practical arrangements by which the policy will be effectively implemented. 2. These include: a) Site Safety Induction. b) Risk Management. c) Safe Work Procedures. d) Workplace Inspection. e) Consultation & Communication. f) Emergency Preparedness. Standard of fencing required for a particular site will g) Incident Investigation & depend on the hazards and environmental conditions of Reporting. the worksite as well as its location. h) Occupational Health Arrangements. Some of the factors to be consider are : i) Performance Monitoring. building height (e.g. more than 1 storey). j) Non-Compliance. location near shops, offices, schools, residential areas. k) Promotion, etc. whether the site is vacant outside work hours whether there are any trenches and trench depth. 7 SITE SECURITY SAFE MEANS OF ACCESS 8  MATERIAL STORAGE LIFTING APPLIANCES Physical features on the site, building under construction and environmental constraints will determine positioning of cranes, hoist and other lifting appliances. Location of store and storage areas will be determined by: availability of space nature of the materials suitable off loading areas and lifting equipment statutory requirements 9  TEMPORARY STRUCTURE SITE WASTE MANAGEMENT The positioning and marking of temporary services should be carefully undertaken to avoid possibility of accidental damage. Garbage dumping area must be allocated. Arrangements for regular disposal must be determined particularly for scheduled waste. LIFTING APPLAINCES Adequate space must be allowed for lighting towers and for scaffolding and other support work. CAR PARKING Consideration should be given in parking facilities either on or off site 10  APPOINTMENT OF SAFETY PERSONAL/ORGANISATION No ACT/REGULATION ACTIVITIES 1 Section 29, Occupational Safety & Health Act 1994. Appointment of safety and health officer. 2 Occupational Safety & Health (Safety & Health Officer) To appoint qualified person as safety and health officer Regulations 1997. 3 Occupational Safety & Health (Safety & Health Officer) To appoint full time qualified safety and health officer for work with contract sum more than Orders1997. RM20 million. 4 Regulation 25, Factories & Machinery (Building Operations & Main contractor to appoint a part-time site safety supervisors. Works of Engineering Construction) (Safety) Regulations 1986. 5 Regulation 26, Factories & Machinery (Building Operations & Other contractor than the main contractor to appoint part-time contractors’ safety supervisors if Works of Engineering Construction) (Safety) Regulations 1986. employ more than 20 workers. 6 Sub-Reg. 18 (1), F&M (BOWECS) 1986 – Public Vehicular Traffic To appoint competent person as designated person for controlling public vehicular traffic. 7 Sub-Reg. 29 (1), (2) & (3), F&M (BOWECS) 1986 – Concrete Work, To appoint competent person as designated person for supervising concrete work, formwork, Formwork, Shoring & Other Supports shoring and other support systems. 8 Sub-Reg. 54(1), F&M (BOWECS) 1986 – Safety Belt / Safety To appoint competent person as designated person for inspection and maintenance of safety Harness belts/harnesses. 9 Sub-Reg. 57 (1), F&M (BOWECS) 1986 – Safety Net To appoint competent person as designated person for inspection and maintenance of safety nets. 10 Sub-Reg. 74 (1) & 85 (1), F&M BOWECS) 1986 - Scaffolds To appoint competent person as designated person for erection, alterations, dismantling and maintenance of scaffolds. 11 Reg. 103, F&M (BOWECS) 1986 – Demolition To appoint competent person as designated person for supervising demolition works. 12 Sub-Reg. 111 (2) & 113 (2), F&M (BOWECS) 1986 – Excavation To appoint competent person as designated person for supervising excavation works. Work 13 Reg. 125 & 127, F&M (BOWECS) 1986 – Piling To appoint competent person as designated person for supervising pile driving and load tests. 14 Reg. 135, F&M (BOWECS) 1986 – Blasting & Handling of To appoint competent person as designated person for supervising works related to the use of Explosives explosives and blasting. 15 Regulation 11, Occupational Safety & Health (Use & Standards of To appoint chemical risk assessor when using chemical hazardous to health. Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to Health) Regulations 2000 16 Section 30, Occupational Safety & Health Act 1994 To establish Safety & Health Committee when employing 40 or more workers or as directed by the Director General of DOSH. 11 ARRANGEMENT WITH SUBCON 9. Requirements and provision of appropriate items to be agreed, together with arrangements for storage, 1. Copies of main contractor’s safety policy should be inspection and any necessary training. given to all sub-contractors name of Safety & Health 10. Agree on any processes or operation requiring a Officer/Supervisor. permit-to-work/enter system. Determine which sub- 2. All sub-contractors shall furnish main contractor with contractors are affected and establish formal copies of their policies and name of their Safety & procedures. Health Officer/Supervisor. 11. Responsibilities and procedures for dealing with 3. Relevant codes and standards to be adopted as term of references should be identified and agreed. access problems common to all sub-contractors 4. Requirements for sub-contractors representatives in (such as scaffolds, floor openings, etc.) and disputes the project Safety & Health Committee should be on safety matters. discussed and appropriate arrangements made. 12. Agree provision of appropriate fire fighting 5. Procedures and arrangements for any necessary equipment for work processes and, stores, mandatory and site specific induction training and accommodation and offices. other necessary training through out the duration of 13. Agree procedures in the event of fire, rescue from the contract should be identified and agreed. confined spaces and any other emergency that 6. Establish and agree procedures for reporting injuries, occurred at the workplace. diseases and dangerous occurrences both to relevant 14. Agree arrangements for the storing of materials and authority and site management. 7. Arrangement's welfare and first aid facilities are to be the cleaning of waste on a regular basis. Provision agreed and any shared facilities are to be confirmed. should be made for the main contractor to contra- 8. First aid arrangements should include the charge sub-contractors where these arrangements appointment of first aiders and procedures for are not followed. responding quickly to an accident and for calling emergency services 12 ARRANGEMENT WITH SUBCON 15. Determine site rules, to include where appropriate, client’s rules. Copies of site rules to be issued to all sub-contractors. 16. Arrangements for early installation of a telephone or any other suitable means of communication are essential for both business and safety reasons 17. Telephone numbers to be contacted in the event of an emergency should be displayed. 18. A specific general site rules outline the do’s and dont’s should be established. 13  STATUTORY NOTIFICATION CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT BOARD NO LEGAL PROVISION APPLICATION 1 Part VI, Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan Malaysia 1994 Contractor Registration 2 Part VIII, Lembaga Pembangunan Industri Pembinaan Malaysia 1994 Contractor Registration & Levy for Contract Sum More Than RM500,000.00 DEPARTMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 1 Section 34, Factories & Machinery Act 1967 and Regulation 3, Factories and Machinery Registration of factories such as casting yard and batching plant – JKJ 101. (Notification, Certificate of Fitness and Inspection) Regulations 1970 2 Section 35, Factories & Machinery Act 1967 and Regulation 3, Factories and Machinery Registration of construction sites when work is expected to be completed for a period more (Notification, Certificate of Fitness and Inspection) Regulations 1970 than six weeks – JKJ 103. 3 Section 36(2) of the Act and Regulation 7(1) of Factories and Machinery (Notification, Permission to install machinery requiring Certificate of Fitness such as tower cranes, Certificate of Fitness and Inspection) Regulations 1970 gantry, etc. – JKJ 105 & JKJ 127. 4 Section 34, Regulation 7(2) of Factories and Machinery (Notification, Certificate of Fitness Permission to use/operate other machinery (not requiring COF) for the first time – JKJ 106. and Inspection) Regulations 1970 5 Reg. 14, Occupational Safety & Health (Safety & Officer), Regulations 1997 Employer to notify JKKP on the appointment and termination of Safety & Health Officer within one month 14 STATUTORY NOTIFICATION DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT Section 20(1), Environmental Quality Act 1974 Approval of plans to carry out work that would cause land or building to become prescribed premises. Regulations 5(1) Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluents) Regulations Approval of plans to carry out on any premises or land that may result in a new 1979 source of effluent discharge. LOCAL AUTHORITIES By-Law 3(1)(c) and 16(2) of the Uniform Building By-Laws Submission of Plans for Approval. By-Law 19 of the Uniform Building By-Laws Application for temporary permits for erection of sheds for store, depositing of materials on streets, etc. By-Law 21(1) of the Uniform Building By-Laws Notice of Commencement of Resumption of Building Operations By-Law 23(1) of the Uniform Building By-Laws Notice of Completion of Setting Out. By-Law 24 of the Uniform Building By-Laws Notice of Completion of Excavation for Foundation By-Law 25(1) of the Uniform Building By-Laws Certificate of Fitness for Occupations. OTHER DEPARTMENT / AGENCIES Fire & Rescue Department Storage of Flammable Materials. Health Department Food Handler to be Vaccinated. Report on Epidemics. Police Department Handling & Use of Explosives 15 TEMPORARY TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 1. As with other potential hazards that may arise in the course of any construction work, a temporary traffic management must be developed before commencement of work. 2. The objective is to safeguard Not only the workers involved In the work but also members of the public who might be affected by the work activities. Consider the following: 1. Width of road – is there enough room for traffic and plant to manoeuvre safely? 2. Can the road shoulders be used to provide an additional traffic lane. 3. Traffic density – what will be the likely effects on safety and health, and delays in traffic movements and construction time of the alternative option. 4. Percentage of heavy vehicles – consider seasonal operations. 5. Terrain – will terrain introduce additional hazards such as curves, swamp, etc. 6. Environmental factors – take into account the range of environmental conditions, such as wet conditions, poor visibility and darkness. 16  PROTECTION OF PUBLIC 1. Pedestrian detours are clearly defined, and pedestrians protected from the dangers of road traffic when using any detour. 2. The passage of vehicles across footpaths is to be supervised, to remove danger to the public. 3. Flagmen, barriers, signs or traffic lights are used to stop the public passing under suspended loads (unless there is a protective gantry). 4. Excavations are fenced, and, if they are like to retain water, are covered and securely fenced to prevent access for children. If in public places, they should have warning signs, and warning lights at night 5. Pneumatic tools are to have silencers, and piling dollies are to be of timber or neoprene so that noise is kept to acceptable levels. 6. If scaffolding must intrude on to footpaths, it is to be clearly marked, and padded if there is any risk of causing injury. 7. Adequate security of the site is to be provided during non-working periods. 17  PROTECTION OF WORKERS 1. Define speed limit. 2. Minimize the amount of noise workers are exposed through administrative or engineering control. 3. Protection for slope/ sides of excavation. TRAFFIC DIVERSION PLAN Depending on the circumstances, movement of traffic may be achieved in one of three ways: through the work site; or around the work site; or redirected past the work site by detour, which may be via an existing road or side track. should meet the standard requirements as stipulated under Arahan Teknik Jalan JKR or relevant local authorities 18  PPE MANAGEMENT Unless required by the law, PPE should be opted as the last line of defence after due considerations have been given to other alternative controls – elimination, substitution, isolate and administrative control. Every employer should assess the need for personal protective equipment on the basis of risk. Once risk has been assessed, personal protective equipment can be selected according to availability, appropriateness and suitability for the wearer. SAFETY SIGNAGE PROHIBITION WARNING MANDATORY SAFE CONDITION 19  SAFETY SIGNAGE 1. With the multi background of construction workers, safety signs play vital role in disseminating information and instruction to the workers and others. 2. The purpose of hazard and safe signs is to draw attention to objects and situation which may affect or could affect safety or health. 3. Unfortunately the safety signs being used on most construction sites are of various types and standards. 4. Safe Colour - A colour to which a specific safety or health meaning or purpose is assigned. 1. If identification is required of places where there is risk of 5. Contrasting Colour - A colour that collision, falling, stumbling, falling objects or where there contrasts with the safety colour in order to are steps, holes in floor or similar hazards. make the latter more conspicuous. 2. Combination of fluorescent orange-red* or safety colour 6. Symbols - A pictorial representation used yellow in either black case on a safety or health sign 20 21 OSH BUDGETING 1. Accurately forecasting the cost of future projects is vital to the OSH BUDGETING CONSIDERATION includes: Special Hazards – Applicable Acts, Codes of Practice, survival of any business. Standards and Guidelines 2. Cost estimators develop the cost Statutory Notification & Other Requirements information that business owners or Induction & Other Training Requirements managers need to make a bid for a Control and Monitoring contract or to determine budget for Site Access the work to be executed efficiently. Safe Means of Access/Work Place 3. They also determine which Temporary Lighting endeavors are making a profit. Manual Lifting/Handling 4. Construction Safety & Health Buried Services Officer could assist the cost Electrical Safety Fire Protection estimator in identifying safety and Occupational Health Risks health requirements for a particular Welfare Amenity Provisions project 22  SAFETY AND HEALTH ASSESSMENT SYSTEM IN CONSTRUCTION (SHASSIC) 23 Safety and Health Assessment System in Construction, or SHASSIC, is an independent method to assess and evaluate the safety and health performance of a contractor in construction works/projects. The assessment shall cover 25% to 75% of a project’s physical progress and shall be inclusive of construction planning stage and construction stage. Objectives of SHASSIC SHASSIC was designed and developed to enable the user to achieve any, or a combination, of the following objectives: To establish a standard system on occupational safety and health assessment in the construction industry To assess and evaluate the contractor’s occupational safety and health performance based on a particular project To evaluate the performance of contractor(s) on occupational safety and health practices at site As a feedback mechanism to improve and to take necessary corrective and preventive measure on occupational safety and health performance and management at the site To benchmark the level of occupational safety and health performance of the Malaysian construction industry. 24 Scope of SHASSIC This standard sets out the safety and health management and practices of the contractor for various aspects of the construction work activities. The new proposed standard covers all two stages of construction project cycle - construction planning stage and construction. Each phase is assessed through three (3) main components of assessment such as document check, workplace inspection and construction personnel interviews. The components encompass: i. OSH policy ii. Leadership and worker participation iii. Planning, support, operation iv. OSH organisation v. Hazard Identification, risk assessment and control measures determination vi. OSH training and promotion vii. Machinery and equipment management viii. Materials management ix. Emergency preparedness x. Incident and accident investigation and reporting xi. Records management and performance monitoring, etc. xii. Application shall cover OSH management system and practices during construction planning xiii. stage and construction work activities, particularly work activities covered under CIDB Act 520. 25 Use of SHASSIC SHASSIC is intended to assess the OSH performance of a project. Preferably, the assessment shall be carried out when there are different types of activity that are ongoing at the same time (concurrent activities) and many workers of different levels (main contractor, main subcontractor and subcontractor) are involved at the site. It is not intended to be used independently to decide if the project site or parts of the project site is in accordance with the requirement of the relevant Acts and Regulations or OSH Management System. It is the responsibility of all parties involved directly in a project site to ensure that safetyand health of the construction site conform to the legislation's requirement, approved standards, code of practice, guidelines, specifications and contractual requirements. 26 SHASSIC Assessment Approach Document check Checking of OSH-related documents and records will enable the assessor to determine the compliances of the establishment of safety and health programmes and activities. Workplace inspection Workplace inspection shall be conducted in order to assess the OSH implementation at the site. There are two checklists developed to assess the workplace; the first checklist is to assess the general OSH management implementation and facilities at site while the second checklist is to exclusively assess three (3) high-risk construction work activities currently ongoing on-site at the time of assessment. Questionnaire Employees shall be randomly selected from all levels of occupation so that they could be interviewed by the assessor using established standard questionnaire. The employees are grouped into three (3) categories as follows: Category A - One (1) employee from managerial personnel - project manager, construction manager, site agent and project engineer Category B - Three (3) employees from supervisory personnel - site supervisor, designated person (DP), OSH committee members and/or a combination of both, safety and health officer and site safety supervisor. Category C - Nine (9) employees from working personnel - preferably three people from each 27 high-risk construction work activities. 28 29 30 31 32 33  CMA