qQuiz 2.docx

Multiple-Choice Questions: 1\. Which of the following is the most common chronic complication of diabetes? \- A) Diabetic retinopathy \- B) Coronary artery disease \- C) Peripheral neuropathy \- D) Diabetic nephropathy Answer: C) Peripheral neuropathy 2\. Which of the following is a hallmark...

Multiple-Choice Questions: 1\. Which of the following is the most common chronic complication of diabetes? \- A) Diabetic retinopathy \- B) Coronary artery disease \- C) Peripheral neuropathy \- D) Diabetic nephropathy Answer: C) Peripheral neuropathy 2\. Which of the following is a hallmark of diabetic retinopathy? \- A) Hematuria \- B) Microaneurysms in the retina \- C) Proteinuria \- D) Glaucoma Answer: B) Microaneurysms in the retina 3\. What is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in diabetic patients? \- A) Diabetic nephropathy \- B) Hypertension \- C) Obesity \- D) Hyperlipidemia Answer: A) Diabetic nephropathy 4\. Which of the following is a common clinical sign of diabetic neuropathy? \- A) Blurred vision \- B) Loss of sensation in the extremities \- C) Frequent urination \- D) Hypertension Answer: B) Loss of sensation in the extremities 5\. Which of the following is a macrovascular complication of diabetes? \- A) Coronary artery disease \- B) Diabetic retinopathy \- C) Neuropathy \- D) Cataracts Answer: A) Coronary artery disease 6\. What is the primary intervention to prevent diabetic foot ulcers? \- A) Daily foot inspections and proper foot care \- B) Increased carbohydrate intake \- C) Regular use of insoles \- D) Avoidance of physical activity Answer: A) Daily foot inspections and proper foot care 7\. Which of the following medications is commonly used to manage neuropathic pain in diabetic patients? \- A) Metformin \- B) Insulin \- C) Amitriptyline \- D) Aspirin Answer: C) Amitriptyline 8\. Which of the following is the best screening test for diabetic nephropathy? \- A) Serum creatinine \- B) Urine microalbumin test \- C) Blood glucose levels \- D) HbA1c Answer: B) Urine microalbumin test 9\. Which of the following is a key preventive strategy for cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients? \- A) Aggressive lipid management \- B) Increased salt intake \- C) Regular use of beta-blockers \- D) High-protein diet Answer: A) Aggressive lipid management 10\. Which of the following complications is most directly associated with poor glycemic control? \- A) Hypertension \- B) Diabetic retinopathy \- C) Dyslipidemia \- D) Osteoporosis Answer: B) Diabetic retinopathy 11\. Which of the following symptoms is an early indicator of diabetic nephropathy? \- A) Hematuria \- B) Microalbuminuria \- C) Polyuria \- D) Hypoglycemia Answer: B) Microalbuminuria 12\. Which medication class is recommended to reduce proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy? \- A) ACE inhibitors \- B) Calcium channel blockers \- C) Beta-blockers \- D) Diuretics Answer: A) ACE inhibitors 14\. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of metformin in diabetic patients? \- A) Hypoglycemia \- B) Gastrointestinal upset \- C) Weight gain \- D) Hyperkalemia Answer: B) Gastrointestinal upset 15\. Which of the following is a potential benefit of GLP-1 agonists in diabetes management? \- A) Weight loss \- B) Increased appetite \- C) Weight gain \- D) Hypoglycemia Answer: A) Weight loss 16\. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of SGLT2 inhibitors? \- A) Urinary tract infections \- B) Hypoglycemia \- C) Weight gain \- D) Hypernatremia Answer: A) Urinary tract infections 17\. What is the primary purpose of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in diabetic patients? \- A) To prevent hypoglycemia \- B) To identify periods of hyperglycemia \- C) To guide adjustments in therapy \- D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 18\. Which of the following is a key factor in the development of macrovascular complications in diabetes? \- A) Hyperglycemia \- B) Hypoglycemia \- C) Hypotension \- D) Low cholesterol Answer: A) Hyperglycemia 19\. Which of the following is recommended to reduce the risk of progression in diabetic nephropathy? \- A) Intensive blood glucose control \- B) Increased protein intake \- C) Reduced insulin usage \- D) Low salt diet Answer: A) Intensive blood glucose control 20\. Which of the following is a feature of proliferative diabetic retinopathy? \- A) Neovascularization \- B) Cataracts \- C) Glaucoma \- D) Optic neuritis Answer: A) Neovascularization Short Answer Questions: 1\. What are the primary microvascular complications of diabetes? Answer: The primary microvascular complications of diabetes include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. 2\. Explain the role of ACE inhibitors in the management of diabetic nephropathy. Answer: ACE inhibitors reduce blood pressure and proteinuria, slowing the progression of diabetic nephropathy by decreasing intraglomerular pressure. 3\. Describe the importance of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) in patients with diabetes. Answer: SMBG is important for detecting and managing hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, guiding treatment adjustments, and improving overall glycemic control. 4\. What is the significance of microalbuminuria in the early detection of diabetic nephropathy? Answer: Microalbuminuria is an early marker of kidney damage in diabetic patients and indicates the need for more intensive management to prevent the progression of nephropathy.