QQuiz 1.docx

Quiz 1: Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Pathophysiology Multiple-Choice Questions: 1\. What is the primary defect in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus? \- A) Insulin resistance \- B) Absolute insulin deficiency due to beta-cell destruction \- C) Increased insulin secretion \- D) Glucagon excess Answer: B)...

Quiz 1: Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Pathophysiology Multiple-Choice Questions: 1\. What is the primary defect in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus? \- A) Insulin resistance \- B) Absolute insulin deficiency due to beta-cell destruction \- C) Increased insulin secretion \- D) Glucagon excess Answer: B) Absolute insulin deficiency due to beta-cell destruction 2\. Which of the following is most commonly associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? \- A) Autoimmune destruction of beta cells \- B) Peripheral insulin resistance \- C) Ketosis-prone diabetes \- D) Pancreatitis Answer: B) Peripheral insulin resistance 3\. What is the primary metabolic complication of untreated Type 1 Diabetes? \- A) Hypoglycemia \- B) Diabetic ketoacidosis \- C) Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state \- D) Lactic acidosis Answer: B) Diabetic ketoacidosis 4\. Which of the following is a common risk factor for the development of Type 2 Diabetes? \- A) Autoimmune diseases \- B) Sedentary lifestyle \- C) Chronic infections \- D) Hypothyroidism Answer: B) Sedentary lifestyle 5\. Which laboratory test is used to monitor long-term glycemic control in diabetic patients? \- A) Fasting blood glucose \- B) Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) \- C) HbA1c \- D) Random blood glucose Answer: C) HbA1c 6\. Which of the following is an acute complication of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? \- A) Diabetic ketoacidosis \- B) Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state \- C) Hypoglycemia \- D) All of the above Answer: B) Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state 7\. What percentage of cases does Type 1 Diabetes account for among all diabetes cases? \- A) 10% \- B) 50% \- C) 70% \- D) 90% Answer: A) 10% 8\. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Type 2 Diabetes? \- A) Rapid onset \- B) Often asymptomatic in early stages \- C) Primarily affects young children \- D) Requires insulin therapy from diagnosis Answer: B) Often asymptomatic in early stages 9\. Which of the following is a primary environmental factor contributing to Type 2 Diabetes? \- A) Viral infections \- B) High physical activity \- C) Poor dietary habits \- D) Adequate sleep Answer: C) Poor dietary habits 10\. Which of the following autoantibodies is commonly associated with Type 1 Diabetes? \- A) Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (Anti-GAD) \- B) Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) \- C) Anti-mitochondrial antibodies \- D) Rheumatoid factor Answer: A) Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (Anti-GAD) 11\. Which of the following conditions is most likely to lead to the development of Type 1 Diabetes? \- A) Genetic mutations in insulin receptors \- B) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells \- C) Chronic pancreatitis \- D) Prolonged use of corticosteroids Answer: B) Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells 12\. Which of the following is a common microvascular complication of Diabetes Mellitus? \- A) Retinopathy \- B) Coronary artery disease \- C) Peripheral arterial disease \- D) Stroke Answer: A) Retinopathy 13\. Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of hyperglycemia? \- A) Polyuria \- B) Polydipsia \- C) Weight gain \- D) Blurred vision Answer: C) Weight gain 14\. Which of the following is the first line of treatment for Type 2 Diabetes in obese patients? \- A) Sulfonylureas \- B) Metformin \- C) Insulin \- D) Thiazolidinediones Answer: B) Metformin 15\. Which of the following is a risk factor specific to gestational diabetes? \- A) History of large-for-gestational-age infant \- B) Obesity \- C) Age over 35 \- D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 16\. Which test confirms the diagnosis of gestational diabetes? \- A) Fasting glucose test \- B) Random glucose test \- C) Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) \- D) HbA1c Answer: C) Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 17\. What is the main goal of diabetes management? \- A) To eliminate insulin use \- B) To achieve normal blood glucose levels \- C) To increase body weight \- D) To eliminate carbohydrate intake Answer: B) To achieve normal blood glucose levels 18\. Which of the following lifestyle changes is recommended for managing Type 2 Diabetes? \- A) Increased carbohydrate intake \- B) Regular physical activity \- C) Increased alcohol consumption \- D) Smoking cessation Answer: B) Regular physical activity 19\. Which of the following symptoms is more specific to Type 1 Diabetes? \- A) Rapid weight gain \- B) Acanthosis nigricans \- C) Ketosis/ketonuria \- D) Hypertension Answer: C) Ketosis/ketonuria 20\. What is the primary goal of treatment in diabetes management? \- A) Reduction of hyperglycemia \- B) Inducing weight loss \- C) Managing cardiovascular risk factors \- D) Treating infections Answer: A) Reduction of hyperglycemia Short Answer Questions: 1\. What are the main features that distinguish Type 1 Diabetes from Type 2 Diabetes? Answer: Type 1 Diabetes is characterized by an absolute insulin deficiency due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, often presenting in younger individuals, while Type 2 Diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, commonly associated with obesity and occurring later in life. 2\. Explain the role of HbA1c in the management of diabetes. Answer: HbA1c reflects the average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months and is used to assess long-term glycemic control and adjust therapy accordingly. 3\. What is the significance of ketosis in Type 1 Diabetes? Answer: Ketosis in Type 1 Diabetes indicates a lack of insulin, leading to fat breakdown and the production of ketones, which can result in diabetic ketoacidosis, a potentially life-threatening condition. 4\. Describe the primary treatment approach for a newly diagnosed patient with Type 2 Diabetes who is overweight. Answer: The primary treatment approach involves lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise to promote weight loss, along with metformin as first-line pharmacotherapy to improve insulin sensitivity.