QCM Treating Cancer PDF

**1. Why is cancer difficult to treat?**\ a. Cancer cells are prokaryotic and resist human treatments.\ b. Cancer cells can rapidly adapt and resist treatments.\ c. Cancer cells do not divide rapidly.\ d. Cancer treatments are ineffective in targeting any tissue.\ **Answer:** b **2. What is the pri...

**1. Why is cancer difficult to treat?**\ a. Cancer cells are prokaryotic and resist human treatments.\ b. Cancer cells can rapidly adapt and resist treatments.\ c. Cancer cells do not divide rapidly.\ d. Cancer treatments are ineffective in targeting any tissue.\ **Answer:** b **2. What is the principle behind anti-tumor therapies?**\ a. Completely eradicate all cells in the body.\ b. Exploit differences between cancer and healthy cells.\ c. Target both healthy and cancer cells equally.\ d. Use antibiotics to kill cancer cells.\ **Answer:** b **3. Which of the following is NOT a difference between tumor and healthy tissue?**\ a. Increased genome stability in cancer cells.\ b. High proliferation in cancer cells.\ c. Altered metabolism in cancer cells.\ d. Presence of mutated proteins in cancer cells.\ **Answer:** a **4. What makes tumor cells more visible in diagnostic imaging like PET scans?**\ a. High glucose uptake due to the Warburg effect.\ b. Lower glucose consumption.\ c. Increased oxygen metabolism.\ d. Resistance to radiation.\ **Answer:** a **5. What radioactive molecule is used in PET scans to detect tumors?**\ a. FDG-6P (fluorodeoxyglucose-6-phosphate).\ b. ATP analogs.\ c. Carbon-14.\ d. Fluorescent antibodies.\ **Answer:** a **6. What is the primary goal of tumor surgery?**\ a. Completely or partially resect tumors and adjacent tissues.\ b. Kill tumor cells by radiation.\ c. Inhibit tumor metabolism.\ d. Induce apoptosis in cancer cells.\ **Answer:** a **7. Which cancers are most suitable for surgery as a treatment?**\ a. Inaccessible tumors.\ b. Benign or localized cancers.\ c. Metastatic cancers.\ d. Tumors with extensive angiogenesis.\ **Answer:** b **8. What is a major limitation of surgical tumor treatment?**\ a. It is toxic to surrounding healthy tissues.\ b. It does not address cancer relapse if cells remain.\ c. It cannot be combined with chemotherapy.\ d. It is only effective for blood cancers.\ **Answer:** b **9. What analysis follows tumor resection?**\ a. Flow cytometry of blood.\ b. Anatomopathological analysis.\ c. Imaging via MRI.\ d. Antibody staining of non-resected tissues.\ **Answer:** b **10. Which advantage does surgery offer over chemotherapy or radiotherapy?**\ a. Targets metastasis.\ b. It is less toxic to non-cancerous tissues.\ c. It addresses tumor angiogenesis directly.\ d. Removes cancer cells without the need for imaging.\ **Answer:** b **11. What is the primary characteristic of chemotherapy?**\ a. Induces apoptosis only in non-dividing cells.\ b. Targets rapidly replicating cells.\ c. Focuses on non-replicating tissue.\ d. Is specific to mutated proteins.\ **Answer:** b **12. Why does chemotherapy cause side effects like hair loss and anemia?**\ a. It only targets tumor cells.\ b. It affects all replicative cells, including healthy ones.\ c. It damages only DNA in tumor cells.\ d. It increases glucose metabolism in healthy tissues.\ **Answer:** b **13. Which phase of the cell cycle do alkylating agents primarily target?**\ a. G1 phase\ b. S phase\ c. M phase\ d. G2 phase\ **Answer:** b **14. What is the mechanism of alkylating agents?**\ a. Cross-linking DNA bases, leading to double-strand breaks.\ b. Inhibiting microtubule assembly.\ c. Substituting purines in DNA synthesis.\ d. Preventing RNA transcription.\ **Answer:** a **15. Which class of chemotherapeutic agents inhibits microtubule assembly?**\ a. Antimetabolic agents\ b. Antimicrotubule agents\ c. Alkylating agents\ d. Monoclonal antibodies\ **Answer:** b **16. What phase do antimicrotubule agents primarily target?**\ a. S phase\ b. M phase\ c. G1 phase\ d. G2 phase\ **Answer:** b **17. Which chemotherapeutic agent acts as a nucleotide analog?**\ a. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)\ b. Cyclophosphamide\ c. Vincristine\ d. Cisplatin\ **Answer:** a **18. What is a common side effect of chemotherapy due to damage to replicating cells?**\ a. Increased angiogenesis.\ b. Pancytopenia (low blood cell count).\ c. Hyperproliferation of tissues.\ d. Reduced immune suppression.\ **Answer:** b **19. Which chemotherapeutic approach is most toxic?**\ a. Hormone therapy\ b. Alkylating agents\ c. Immunotherapy\ d. Antimetabolic agents\ **Answer:** b **20. Which chemotherapy side effect is linked to intestinal epithelial damage?**\ a. Diarrhea and vomiting\ b. Hair loss\ c. Pancytopenia\ d. Neuropathy\ **Answer:** a **21. What is the primary goal of targeted therapy?**\ a. Selectively target cancer-specific molecules or pathways.\ b. Destroy all dividing cells.\ c. Prevent angiogenesis.\ d. Improve hormone production.\ **Answer:** a **22. Which molecule class is NOT targeted by targeted therapy?**\ a. Mutated intracellular proteins\ b. Normal metabolic enzymes\ c. Surface receptors unique to cancer cells\ d. Cancer-associated proteins\ **Answer:** b **23. What is the action of monoclonal antibodies in targeted therapy?**\ a. Target intracellular DNA synthesis.\ b. Block mutated surface receptors.\ c. Prevent cytokine release.\ d. Inhibit microtubule formation.\ **Answer:** b **24. What is an example of a monoclonal antibody used in breast cancer treatment?**\ a. Anti-HER2 mAb\ b. Anti-PD1 antibody\ c. Anti-CD28 antibody\ d. Anti-TNF antibody\ **Answer:** a **25. What is a limitation of targeted therapy?**\ a. It is effective against solid tumors.\ b. It is highly specific but can fail against highly heterogeneous cancers.\ c. It targets all metabolic pathways.\ d. It causes severe damage to normal cells.\ **Answer:** b **26. What is the main principle of immunotherapy?**\ a. Directly kill tumor cells.\ b. Enhance the immune system's ability to fight cancer.\ c. Reduce tumor oxygen levels.\ d. Block immune suppression.\ **Answer:** b **27. What are the four main types of immunotherapy?**\ a. Radiation, hormone therapy, vaccines, and CAR-T therapy.\ b. Non-specific immunotherapy, vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and cellular therapy.\ c. Chemotherapy, vaccines, radiation, and immune suppression.\ d. Surgery, CAR-T, vaccines, and anti-angiogenic drugs.\ **Answer:** b **28. What is the function of immune checkpoint inhibitors?**\ a. Inhibit microtubule depolymerization.\ b. Block immune suppression mechanisms used by tumors.\ c. Reduce glucose consumption in tumors.\ d. Prevent angiogenesis.\ **Answer:** b **29. Which receptor is targeted by anti-PD1 therapies?**\ a. CTLA-4\ b. PD-1\ c. TCR\ d. HER2\ **Answer:** b **30. What type of immunotherapy uses engineered T cells to fight cancer?**\ a. Non-specific immunotherapy\ b. CAR-T cell therapy\ c. Cancer vaccines\ d. Radiation therapy\ **Answer:** b **31. What is a limitation of CAR-T therapy?**\ a. Only effective for solid tumors.\ b. Completely nontoxic to patients.\ c. Ineffective for solid tumors and highly toxic in some cases.\ d. Only works with bacterial infections.\ **Answer:** c **32. Which cancers have shown the most success with CAR-T therapy?**\ a. Leukemias and lymphomas\ b. Solid tumors like breast cancer\ c. Pancreatic cancer\ d. Brain cancer\ **Answer:** a **33. What molecule class is used to create CAR receptors?**\ a. Antibodies fused to signaling domains.\ b. Nucleotide analogs.\ c. Microtubule inhibitors.\ d. MHC molecules.\ **Answer:** a **34. What is the purpose of cancer vaccines?**\ a. Prevent cancer formation.\ b. Educate the immune system to recognize cancer antigens.\ c. Directly kill tumor cells.\ d. Replace DNA damage.\ **Answer:** b **35. What are immune checkpoint ligands expressed by tumors designed to do?**\ a. Enhance immune cell activity.\ b. Suppress immune system function.\ c. Increase immune recognition.\ d. Prevent apoptosis in tumor cells.\ **Answer:** b **36. Which cytokine is commonly used in non-specific immunotherapy?**\ a. IL-2\ b. TNF-α\ c. VEGF\ d. TGF-β\ **Answer:** a **37. What is the primary mechanism of action for anti-CTLA-4 therapies?**\ a. Suppress angiogenesis.\ b. Block immune checkpoints to restore T-cell activity.\ c. Inhibit glucose metabolism.\ d. Prevent microtubule polymerization.\ **Answer:** b **38. Which immune cells are directly enhanced by checkpoint inhibitors?**\ a. Erythrocytes\ b. T cells\ c. Neutrophils\ d. B cells\ **Answer:** b **39. Why are CAR-T cells effective in blood cancers but not solid tumors?**\ a. CAR-T cells cannot penetrate the dense matrix of solid tumors.\ b. CAR-T cells cannot identify antigens in the bloodstream.\ c. CAR-T cells target only normal cells.\ d. CAR-T cells require CTLA-4 activation.\ **Answer:** a **40. What major challenge remains in immunotherapy development?**\ a. Resistance to chemotherapy.\ b. Finding specific antigens for solid tumors.\ c. Increasing angiogenesis in tumors.\ d. Reducing glucose in the TME.\ **Answer:** b