English Grade 10 Quarter 4 Module 1: Technical Terms Used in Research PDF

10 English Quarter 4 – Module 1: Technical Terms Used in Research English – Grade 10 Quarter IV – Module 1: Technical Terms Used in Research First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Phili...

10 English Quarter 4 – Module 1: Technical Terms Used in Research English – Grade 10 Quarter IV – Module 1: Technical Terms Used in Research First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Development Team of the Module Writer: Mary Joy Somoso-Remulta Editor: Judith A. Mosquete Reviewers: Shiela C. Alemania Illustrators: Ivory M. Tambala, Sydney Ellaine Adorico-Martinez Layout Artist: Melanio R. Florino, Jr. Template Developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz Management Team: Reynaldo M. Guillena Jinky B. Firman Marilyn V. Deduyo Alma C. Cifra Aris B. Juanillo May Ann M. Jumuad Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education –Davao City Office Address: DepEd Davao City Division, Elpidio Quirino Ave.,Davao City Telefax : 224- 3274 E-mail Address: [email protected]  10 English Quarter 4 – Module 1: Technical Terms Used in Research Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the English Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Technical Terms Used in Research. The activities in this module are arranged sequentially to help the learners understand the topic and develop the desired skill or learning competency. As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Remind the learner that if there are things he/she doesn’t understand, he/she must not hesitate to call for your help and assistance. For the learner: Welcome to the English Grade 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Technical Terms Used in Research. The activities in this module are arranged sequentially to help you understand the topic and develop the desired skill or learning competency. As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities in the module. If there are things you do not understand, do not hesitate to call your facilitator / teacher for assistance. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Do not forget to answer Let us Try before moving on to the other activities in the module. 3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. We hope that you will find meaningful learning as you go through the different activities in this module. 4  Let Us Learn Greetings of peace and solidarity to you learner! This module will help you distinguish and familiarize the different technical terms used in research. You may be able to encounter terms in your day to day experience in school, at home or everywhere both in oral conversations and in written outputs. May you discover and treasure the learning you will undergo in this module. Enjoy and have fun! After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Identify the different technical terms used in research. Let Us Try DIRECTIONS: Read the following statements and answer the questions that follow. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which technical term in research emphasizes the most important findings of the study? A. Results B. Summary C. Discussion D. Conclusion 2. Which technical term in research defines where and when the study is conducted and tells who the subjects are? A. Introduction B. Research Design C. Scope and Delimitation D. Significance of the Study 3. The following are attributes of a researcher EXCEPT- A. Reference properly used quotes. B. Acknowledge other people’s work when used. C. Get permission to use information for educational purposes. D. Ask permission to use figures and tables from other published sources. 4. The following are Research Ethics EXCEPT- A. It imposes a common standard among all researchers. B. It reflects respect for those who “take part” in research. C. It ensures sufficient knowledge shared by all researchers. D. It ensures unreasonable, unsafe, or thoughtless demands made by researchers. 5. Which of the following is the correct acronym for APA? A. American Psychosocial Association B. American Physiological Association C. American Philosophical Association D. American Psychological Association 5  This research will be conducted to study the causes of Tardiness among the Grade 10 students of Davao City National High School, Davao City for SY 2020-2021. 6. What technical term in research is the above example? A. Analysis of Data B. Scope and Delimitation C. Significance of the Study D. Summary and Conclusions 7. Which technical term in research introduces and describes the concept which explains why the research problem under study exists? A. Research Questions B. Purpose of the Study C. Role of the Researcher D. Theoretical Framework 8. Which refers to a group of individuals participating in the study or research? A. Respondents B. Research Locale C. Research Problem D. Statistical Treatment 9. Which describes in brief the place where the study was conducted and the rationale behind its choice? A. Methodology B. Research Locale C. Scope and Delimitation D. Significance of the Study 10. Which tells about the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes? A. Data Analysis B. Data Collection C. Related Literature D. Summary and Conclusions 11. Which presents the findings of the research in an orderly manner? A. Results B. Abstract C. Discussion D. Introduction 12. Which gives comment on the trends/ findings and show what the data suggest? A. Results B. Discussion C. Methodology D. Literature Review 6  Out of 255 Grade 10 students under the Special Program of Davao City National High School, 77 students were used as a sample in conducting the survey. 13. Which technical term in research is the boxed example above? A. Analysis of Data B. Scope and Delimitation C. Significance of the Study D. Summary and Conclusions 14. Which introduces the goal, the methodology, results, and findings of the study? A. Abstract B. Introduction C. Theoretical Lens D. Results and Discussion 15. Which technical term in research refers to an answerable inquiry into a specific concern or issue? A. Research Locale B. Research Purpose C. Research Questions D. Research Participants Let Us Study There is always an instant in our lives where we ask questions about something that is happening around us or about anything that we want to unfold. It is just anything that pops up and flows out from our mind. Yet, we cannot easily find the answer. Maybe we just do not know how to find it or what to do about it. Hence, all we could do is stare at the wilderness and sigh. We cannot avoid these occurrences. It is just but natural and normal to feel this way. When we have some queries, let us be strong in facing them. Let us not halt from searching for the answer. What you are going to learn in this module will help you develop your skill to become more effective investigator in whatever field you want to embrace in the future. Examine the given pictures and analyze what they convey. 7 Activity 1: 4 Pics 1 Word __________________________ Are you familiar with these images? What do you think are these for? What perhaps are the girls doing? Have you done any of these in the pictures before or maybe just recently? Given these four (4) pictures, what do you think is that one (1) word which refers to all of them? Write your answer on the blank just under the pictures. What is that word again? Alright! You are correct! The word is research and that is what you are going to discover later. Are you ready? You will be acquainted more of this lesson as you move further and explore the different activities provided for you in this module. Moving on, what do you know about research? Have you experienced doing it before? If not yet, therefore, this is the most appropriate time for you to learn about it because sooner or later, you will undergo research not just in English subject but even in some other subjects. But wait, do not be afraid for you will not be working on it yet.J What you will do through the help of this module is just to know and be familiar with the technical terms used in research. What is important, you have the basic knowledge about its content, and terminologies. So, hang on! 8 Activity 2: Look at Me! Look closely at the illustrations. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The study aims to assess the students’ experiences and feedbacks regarding the new implementation of inclusive education in Davao City National High School. Specifically, it seeks to know: 1. What are the struggles being experienced by the students under inclusive education? 2. How do the students deal and cope with the changes brought by the new system? 3. What are the changes on how students socialize with one another? SCOPE AND DELIMITATION The respondents of the study will be 6 Grade 11 students who are under the inclusive education system. The study will conduct an interview with 15 questions anchored with the experiences of the students. Furthermore, the interview will be conducted only inside the school and only when the Grade 11 students are available. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to see whether the implementation of this inclusive education is preferable by students than the special program system. This study is conducted to assess the students’ experiences and feedbacks regarding the new system. Therefore, the following will benefit the study: Students, because their claims and feedbacks regarding the system will be heard and will possibly reach to the in-charge personnel. Parents, because through this study, they will be able to see their children’s struggles and successes in school that will be brought by the new system. Teachers, because they can use the results of this study to formulate effective teaching methods that will cater to the students’ needs. Administrators, because they will know whether the system is positively or negatively affecting the students. It will also help them decide whether they will discontinue or just improve the implementation of the system. Future Researchers, because this study can serve as a future source of data that may help them in their own studies. Considering all of them, what information come into your mind? 9  Have you come across or encountered paragraphs like these before? Maybe others would say YES, but for some, it is perhaps their first time to read items like these. But again, as I mentioned earlier, you will learn all about these together. Before anything else, let me present to you the very meat of this module. So, brace yourselves and be ready! J What you have just read on the preceding pages are examples of some parts of a research paper. To understand fully about it, study the given information below. What is Research? Research presents information gathered from interviews, reference books, websites, or other sources. It is a careful, systematic, and scientific study and investigation in some field of knowledge. It is a product of a careful or diligent inquiry into a certain subject for the purpose of discovering and interpreting facts and then presenting them to a reader. What are the technical terms used in research? There are many technical terms used in research. Most of them may differ in terms but their functions and meanings are somewhat similar. Consider the examples below. Each research type has corresponding parts. Examine them closely and try to compare and/ or contrast them. What have you noticed on the parts under each chapter? Quantitative Research Qualitative Research CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION (Background of the Study) Purpose of the Study Review of the Related Literature and Studies Research Questions Theoretical Framework Theoretical Lens Conceptual Framework Significance of the Study Statement of the Problem Definition of Terms Hypothesis Scope and Delimitation CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED 10  Research Design LITERATURE AND STUDIES Research Locale CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY Research Respondents Research Design Research Instrument Role of the Researcher Data Gathering Procedure Research Participants Statistical Tools Data Collection Ethical Consideration Data Analysis Trustworthiness of the Study CHAPTER 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Ethical Consideration CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION AND CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION RECOMMENDATION Summary of Findings CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING Conclusion REMARKS Recommendation REFERENCE (APA Format) REFERENCE (APA Format) They may come from different types of research but if you are going to scrutinize them well, they mean the same thing, except only for few terminologies which really have various functions. Let us take them one by one and analyze very carefully how they work and function in the research. All you have to do is be familiar with these basic and commonly used terminologies so that when the time comes for you to write your own research paper, you already have the knowledge on how to do it. What you are going to learn in this module are merely the technical terms that are commonly used in the research. These are the following: INTRODUCTION It is the first paragraph of a written research paper, or the first thing you say in an oral presentation, or the first thing people see, hear, or experience about your study. It gives the readers the beginning of the piece of thread so they can follow it. It presents information from global, national, and local settings. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY It is a statement of "why" the study is being conducted, or the goal of the study. The goal of a study might be to identify or describe a concept or to explain or predict a situation or solution to a situation that indicates the type of study to be conducted (Beckingham, 1974). It identifies the variables, population and setting for a study. Every study has an explicit or implicit purpose statement. The research purpose should be stated objectively or in a way that does not reflect biases or values of the researcher. 11 REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE It is a process and documentation of the current relevant research literature regarding a topic or subject of interest. It is a systematic identification and location of documents concerning information related to the research problem. It is composed of discussions of facts and principles to which the present study is related. It presents the readings related to the study. They may be obtained from the books, journals, magazines, internet, etc. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK/ LENS It is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. It introduces and describes the concept which explains why the research problem under study exists. It refers to the theories or studies of varied authors as proven and tested. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK It refers to visual templates, illustrations, and examples to determine theories and methodologies for the research. It is a visual plan on how to conduct the research. It is the structure or chart that shows the dependent and the independent variables. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM/ RESEARCH QUESTIONS It states the questions that are ought to be answered by the researcher/s. It refers to an answerable inquiry into a specific concern or issue. It is the initial step in a research project. The 'initial step' means after you have an idea of what you want to study, the research question is the first active step in the research project. HYPOTHESIS It is an educated prediction that can be tested. It is a specific, clear, and testable proposition or predictive statement about the possible outcome of a scientific research study based on a particular property of a population, such as presumed differences between groups on a variable or relationships between variables. 12 DEFINITION OF TERMS Defining important terms is essential to ensure a common understanding of key concepts and terminology is shared between the author and the readers or audience, particularly if the term is unusual or not widely known. These are general words and phrases defined within the context of how they apply to the research study. It refers to the conceptually defined (taken from dictionary) and operationally defined (as used in the study by the researcher/s) terms or words in the research study. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY It mainly focuses on the question “Who will benefit from the study?” It describes what contribution the study will make and the usefulness of the study in the society. It tells what you hope will benefit others and/or how readers will benefit or learn from your research study. It is a statement which intentionally addresses to a specific individual or groups. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION It is to whom will the study be focusing (delimited). It contains the explanation of what information or subject is being analyzed. It deals with the extent of the study to be made. It defines where and when the study is conducted and who the subjects are/ METHODOLOGY It discusses the process or method the research study was done or completed. It tells the main instrument used in gathering of data (survey form, researcher-made questionnaire, interview, etc.) RESEARCH DESIGN It refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring you will effectively address the research problem. It constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and analysis of data. 13  A research design may also include: Ø Type of research Ø Measurement and scaling Ø Construct and pre-test questionnaire Ø Sampling process and sample size Ø Data analysis plan Ø Budget and scheduling RESEARCH LOCALE It refers to the place where the research study was conducted. RESEARCH RESPONDENTS/ RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS It tells who the group of individuals are used in the research study. ROLE OF THE RESEARCHER The primary role of the researcher is to safeguard the participants and their data. Mechanisms for such safeguarding must be clearly articulated to participants before the research begins. RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS These are measurement tools (for example, questionnaires or scales) designed to obtain data on a topic of interest from research subjects. It tells the main instrument used in gathering of data (survey form, researcher-made questionnaire, interview, etc.) DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE/ DATA COLLECTION It gives the procedure/ process of conducting the research (permission to conduct the study, administration and retrieval of the questionnaires, tabulation of data gathered, etc.). 14 DATA ANALYSIS/ RESULTS AND DISCUSSION It discusses the answers based on the listed statement of the problem. It is also where explanations and tables be found. STATISTICAL TOOLS/ TREATMENT These are methods involved in carrying out a study which include planning, designing, collecting data, drawing meaningful interpretation, and reporting of the findings. It indicates the statistical method used or utilized in the study. Example: Mean, T-test, Standard Deviation, Pearson, Regression, One-way Anova, etc.) TRUSTWORTHINESS OF THE STUDY/ ETHICAL CONSIDERATION There are several reasons why it is important to adhere to ethical norms in research. First, norms promote the aims of research, such as knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error. For example, prohibitions against fabricating, falsifying, or misrepresenting research data promote the truth and minimize error. Second, since research often involves a great deal of cooperation and coordination among many different people in different disciplines and institutions, ethical standards promote the values that are essential to collaborative work, such as trust, accountability, mutual respect, and fairness. For example, many ethical norms in research, such as guidelines for authorship, copyright and patenting policies, data sharing policies, and confidentiality rules in peer review, are designed to protect intellectual property interests while encouraging collaboration. Most researchers want to receive credit for their contributions and do not want to have their ideas stolen or disclosed prematurely. CONCLUSIONS These are statements drawn or formulated based on the findings of the study. It is the last paragraph or the last part in the research paper. It is in some ways like the introduction. You restate your thesis statement and summarize your main points of evidence. RECOMMENDATIONS These are stated based on the findings/ results and the conclusions of the research. 15  These are suggestions, proposals that could be given to those who will benefit the study (refer to the significance of the study) that would somehow help them in one way or the other. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS It states the answers in summary form/ already the gist of the study. It is the textual generalization, that is, a summary of the important data consisting of text and numbers. APA (American Psychological Association) It is the style of documentation of sources used by the American Psychological Association. This form of writing research papers is used mainly in the social sciences (like psychology, anthropology, sociology, as well as education and other fields). QUALITATIVE RESEARCH It is a type of social science research that collects and works with non- numerical data and that seeks to interpret meaning from these data that help understand social life through the study of targeted populations or places. It is used to gain insights into people’s feelings and thoughts. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH It is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to find patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to wider populations. 16  Let Us Practice Activity 3: Pick Me Up! DIRECTIONS: Identify the parts of the research excerpt and tell the technical term appropriate for it. Write you answer on the separate sheet of paper. The consumption of plastics in the world is very alarming with millions of tons of plastics being used. The benefits of plastics are undeniable, that is why there are millions of them created each year. It is cheap, lightweight, and easy to make. But the problem is that, as the production of plastics skyrocketed for all its desirable characteristics, we were not able to cope with the amount of plastic waste we generated. 1. For half a century plastic have been among the most used materials in cups, bottles, and food containers. Making things from plastic is very advantageous (“The Problem with Plastics”, n.d.) The problem with plastic is that most of it is not biodegradable. It does not rot, like paper or food, so instead it can hang around in the environment for hundreds of years (“What is the Problem with Plastic?”, 2019). The study aims to assess the student’s experiences and feed backs regarding the new implementation of Banning Single Use Plastics in Davao City National High School. Specifically, it seeks to find answer: 2. 1. Determine the positive and the negative effects of banning single-used plastics to the students at Davao City National High School. 2. Identify the effectiveness of banning single-used plastics in Davao City National High School in reducing the amount of plastic wastes; and 3. Discover ways on how to better implement this policy to help reduce plastic wastes in Davao City National High School. Ho: If the cleanliness is not observed then the memorandum is not effective. 3. Ha: If the cleanliness is observed then the memorandum is effective. 17  The purpose of this study is to see whether the implementation of Banning Single Use Plastic in Davao City National High School really reduced the plastic waste in the school premises. This study was conducted to assess the students’ experiences and feed backs regarding the implementation. Therefore, the following will benefit the study: 4. Students, because their claims and feed backs on the implementation will be heard and possibly reach the persons in authorities. Parents, because through this study, they will be able to see how their children’s opinion about the memorandum. Scope and Delimitation of the Study This study focuses on the relationship between schoolwork and procrastination behavior of the students at Davao City National High School. It also 5. focuses to know other factors that affect the procrastination behavior of students. Moreover, it aims to evaluate and describe the procrastination experiences of the students. 18  Let Us Practice More Activity 4: Can You Tell? DIRECTIONS: Study each paragraph. Distinguish the technical term used in the given research excerpt. Write your answer on the separate sheet of paper. This study will mainly identify and assess the different factors that affect the study habits of the 40 students from the Special Program sections of DCNHS who are victims of bullying in school. 1. ____________________ The study will be conducted at Southern Philippines Medical Center, Davao City knowing that it is the biggest government hospital in the city which can cater many patients who need special medical attention and well-being. 2. ____________________ This chapter describes the component which will be discussed in detail to fully understand the general scope of the analysis. It involves the development of research design, participants and sampling, ethical considerations, the role of the researchers, data collection and analysis. 3. ____________________ Were you able to distinguish the term used in the given research excerpt? Check your answers using the key to corrections found at the last part of this module. 19  Let Us Remember Activity 5: Fill Me! DIRECTIONS: Complete the following statements by filling out the blank with the appropriate technical terms used in research. 1. ____________________ is the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources to establish facts and reach new conclusions. 2. ____________________ surveys scholarly articles, books, and other sources relevant to area of research. 3. ____________________ is the systematic approach to gathering and measuring information from a variety of sources to get a complete and accurate picture of an area of interest. 4. ___________________ is a compilation of adequate information that is based on the analysis of the problem or proposed argument, the steps and methods needed to arrive at the design and the implementation of the results achieved and feasible solutions. 5. ____________________ provide a perspective, or lens, through which to examine a topic. Let Us Assess Activity 6: Guess What? DIRECTIONS: Read comprehensively each paragraph. Analyze what it tells and then distinguish the technical term it uses. This study aims to prove the effects of discrimination and prejudice among the students of St. Scholastica. Moreover, this study aims to answer: 1. How does the public view the students of St. Scholastica? 2. Why does prejudice exist among the students of St. Scholastica? 3. What are the reasons why students do or do not resort to physical, verbal, mental abuse as retaliation with the discrimination? 1. A. Scope and Delimitation B. Significance of the Study 20  C. Statement of the Problem D. Background of the Study The purpose of this study is to acquire knowledge of the insights of the public towards students and compare the different judgments and reactions of the people towards public versus private school students. 2. A. Research Design B. Research Participants C. Scope and Delimitation D. Significance of the Study This study focuses only to the students at Davao City National High School, attending Grade 11 secondary education, school year 2019-2020. 3. A. Research Locale B. Statistical Treatment C. Scope and Delimitation D. Respondents of the Study Based on the results and implications, the following should be done: Re-evaluate how the students act. The students should act more maturely for them to be worthy of the prestige being under the banner of DCNHS. They should adhere to the norm and policies of the school and be disciplined wherever they are. 4. A. Results B. Summary C. Conclusion D. Recommendation The study is based on Gordon Allport’s Theory of Intentional Explicit Discrimination. As an early leader in Comprehensive Social Science Analysis of Prejudice and Discrimination, he articulated the sequential steps by which an individual behaves negatively toward members of another racial group: verbal 21  antagonism, avoidance, segregation, physical attack, and extermination (Allport, 1954). 5. A. Discussion B. Related Literature C. Conceptual Framework D. Theoretical Framework Let Us Enhance DIRECTIONS: Read the following paragraphs. Answer the questions by writing the letter of your answer on the separate sheet of paper. The study was conducted at the University of the Immaculate Conception, located along 300 Margarita Village Rd, Buhangin, Davao City, Davao del Sur, Philippines. 1. Which technical term of research does the example above belong? A. Research Locale B. Research Participants C. Scope and Delimitation D. Significance of the Study The focus of this study was to determine the insights of high school adolescents on sex education where only 102 Grade 10 students of Davao City National High School were asked in the survey. 2. Which is the correct term for the example above? A. Research Design B. Research Instrument C. Scope and Delimitation D. Significance of the Study The study aims to assess the students’ experiences and feedbacks regarding the new implementation of inclusive education in Davao City National High School. Specifically, it seeks to answer: 1. What are the struggles being experienced by the students under inclusive education? 2. How do students deal and cope with the changes brought by the new system? 3. Which technical term in research does the given example above belong? A. Theoretical Framework B. Conceptual Framework C. Significance of the Study D. Statement of the Problem This portion of the study emphasizes the methods that will be used. This chapter shows the varying components which will be discussed in detail to fully understand the general scope of the study. This part includes the elaboration of 22 the research design, participants, and sampling, ethical consideration, role of the researchers, data collection and analysis. 4. Which technical term is applied to the paragraph? A. Introduction B. Methodology C. Results and Discussion D. Conclusion and Recommendation Based on the findings of this study, the researchers conclude that the inclusive education system has both positively and negatively affected the students under it. 5. Which technical term does the example belong? A. Results B. Conclusion C. Introduction D. Methodology This study is anchored on Walberg’s (1981) theory of educational productivity, which is one of the few empirically tested theories of school learning based on an extensive review and integration of over 3000 studies (DiPema, et al, 2002). 6. Which technical term in research does it belong? A. Hypothesis B. Statistical Tool C. Theoretical Framework D. Conceptual Framework This section begins with an overview of some literature pertaining about an act establishing a No-Homework Policy for all primary and secondary schools in the country. 7. Which technical term in research is shown by the statement above? A. Discussion B. Methodology C. Background of the Study D. Review of the Related Literature In this study, the researchers used phenomenology. Phenomenology is an approach to qualitative research that focuses on the commonality of a lived experience within a group. The fundamental goal of the approach is to arrive at a description of the nature of a particular phenomenon (Creswell, 2013). 8. Which technical term in research is correct for the paragraph? A. Research Locale B. Research Design C. Research Instrument D. Research Respondents The researchers will conduct an interview or survey to their respondents from the different special programs using a qualitative method, involving numerical coefficients and values, according to the descriptive Pearson correlation design. 9. Which technical term does the given paragraph belong? A. Research Locale 23  B. Research Design C. Research Procedure D. Research Respondents Correlation will be used in this study to know how significant the relationship between note taking and program distribution is. Microsoft Excel will be used in the computation of data. 10. Which technical term is applied to the paragraph? A. Statistical Analysis B. Research Procedure C. Research Terminologies D. Scope and Delimitations of the Study Overpopulation in schools has been shown to have an adverse effect on student learning in several ways. Typically, overpopulated schools are in the inner city or urban neighborhoods where funding to expand facilities is limited. A school is defined as overpopulated when it operates with an enrollment rate exceeding capacity. How schools deal with this problem affects student learning since overpopulation can hinder student learning, reducing the quality of instructional planning and lowering morale among students and teachers. 11. Which is the suitable technical term for the paragraph above? A. Introduction B. Data Analysis C. Methodology D. Summary and Discussions This part shows the visual representation of the relationship of the independent and dependent variables of the study. Dependent Variable Independent Variable Causes of Tardiness Students of DCNHS 12. Which technical term in research is shown by the data? A. Data Gathered B. Research Instrument C. Conceptual Framework D. Theoretical Framework This study will be utilizing questionnaires as their material for conducting the survey to assess the students’ comfort, welfare, and academic performance. The questionnaire consists only of 5 questions. This study assesses only 40 students from the general classes from grades 7 – 10. Moreover, 10 sections per grade level and only one student per section will be surveyed. The assessment will be conducted at the Davao City National High School campus from Monday to Friday, during the students’ free time, specifically, during recess at 9:30 am – 9:45 am and lunch time at 11:45 am – 12:45 pm. 13. Which technical term is applied for the paragraph? A. Definition of Terms B. Scope and Delimitation 24  C. Significance of the Study D. Summary and Discussions This part of the study clarifies concepts that may bear different meaning to different people, and as a result, may lose their connotative meaning. The concepts clarified below are critical to an understanding of the discourse in this study. More detailed explanations are provided in relevant sections of the study. 1. Overpopulation is technically defined as a situation in which too many people stay in a certain area (Merriam-Webster, 2019). 14. Which technical term is employed in the above example? A. Definition of Terms B. Conceptual Framework C. Theoretical Framework D. Background of the Study This part of the study includes the specific process that will be used to identify select, process, and analyze information about the topic. Also, this section allows the reader to critically evaluate a study’s overall validity and reliability. This contains the research design, research technique, research locale, and research procedure. 15. Which is the appropriate technical term that applies to the given paragraph? A. Introduction B. Methodology C. Review of Related Literature D. Data Analysis and Interpretation Let Us Reflect Activity 7: Keep in Touch! DIRECTIONS: Match the descriptions in Column A with the terms in Column B. Write only the letter of your answer on the separate sheet of paper. COLUMN A COLUMN B 1. It tells about the findings or the outcomes of the A. Research Locale research. 2. It deals with the extent of the study to be made. B. Data Collection 3. It is composed of discussions of facts and principles to C. Abstract which the present study is related. 4. It discusses the place and setting of the study. D. Results 5. It focuses on who will benefit the study. E. Research Instrument 25  6. It briefly provides the reader with the most important F. Scope information from the entire study. 7. It is the process of gathering and measuring information G. Research on variables of interest, in an established systematic Question fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes. 8. It refers to the overall strategy to integrate the different H. Significance of components of the study in a coherent and logical way. the Study 9. It is an answerable inquiry into a specific concern or I. Research Design issue. 10. It is a tool designed to obtain data on a topic of J. Related Literature interest from research subjects. Activity 8: Fill It! Fill out the puzzle boxes with the appropriate technical terms used in research. 26  27 Let Us Try! Activity 1: 4 Pics 1 Word 1. B RESEARCH Activity 3: Pick Me Up! 2. C 3. C 1. Introduction 4. D 2. Statement of the Problem 5. D 3. Hypotheses 6. C 4. Significance of the Study 7. D 5. Scope and Delimitation 8. A 9. B 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. C Activity 5: Fill Me! Activity 6: Guess What? 1. C Activity 4: Can You Tell? 1. Research 2. D 2. Methodology 3. C 1. Scope and 3. Data Collection 4. D Delimitation 4. Background of the Study 5. D 2. Research Locale 5. Theoretical Framework 3. Methodology Let Us Enhance Activity 7: Keep in Activity 8: Fill It! Touch! 1. A 1. Research 2. D 1. D 2. Conceptual 3. D 2. F Framework 4. B 3. J 3. Methodology 5. B 4. A 4. Conclusion 6. C 5. H 5. Recommendation 7. D 6. C 6. Summary 8. B 7. B 7. Respondents 9. B 8. I 8. Hypothesis 10. A 9. G 9. Trustworthiness 11. A 10. E 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. B Answer Key  References Bhandari, Pritha. 2020. An Introduction to Quantitative Research. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/quantitative-research/ Cambridge Rindge & Latin School. 2020. Writing an Introduction. http://www.crlsresearchguide.org/17_Writing_Introduction.asp Goes, Jim and Simon, Marilyn. 2015. Definition of Terms in Dissertations. http://www.dissertationrecipes.com/definitions-terms-dissertations/ Lavrakas, Paul. 2008. Research Hypothesis. https://methods.sagepub.com/reference/encyclopedia-of-survey-research- methods/n472.xml Price, Paul, et al. 2020. American Psychological Association (APA) Style. https://opentext.wsu.edu/carriecuttler/chapter/11-1-american- psychological-association-apa-style/ Resnik, David. 2015. What is Ethics in Research and Why Is It Important? https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfm Roundy, Lisa. and Bergstresser, Matthew. 2020. What is a Hypothesis? https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-hypothesis-definition-lesson- quiz.html Sutton, Jane and Austin, Zubin. 2015. Qualitative Research: Data Collection, Analysis and Management. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4485510/ Sutton, Jane and Austin, Zubin. 2015. Role of the Researcher: The Participant’s Viewpoint. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4485510/ White, Kathleen Jones. 2007. APA Style. https://www.iup.edu/writingcenter/writing-resources/research-and- documentation/apa-style 28 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Davao City Division Elpidio Quirino Ave., Poblacion District, Davao City, 8000 Davao del Sur Telefax: (082) 224-3274, (082) 222-1672 E-mail Address: [email protected] 29