Q2 Lesson Exemplar for TLE Grade 7 (2024-2025) PDF

7 Quarter 2 Lesson Exemplar Lesson for TLE 9 PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MATATAG K TO 10 CURRICULUM Lesson Exemplar for TLE Grade 7 Quarter 2: Les...

7 Quarter 2 Lesson Exemplar Lesson for TLE 9 PILOT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MATATAG K TO 10 CURRICULUM Lesson Exemplar for TLE Grade 7 Quarter 2: Lesson 9 (Week 7) SY 2024-2025 This material is intended exclusively for the use of teachers participating in the implementation of the MATATAG K to 10 Curriculum during the School Year 2024-2025. It aims to assist in delivering the curriculum content, standards, and lesson competencies. Any unauthorized reproduction, distribution, modification, or utilization of this material beyond the designated scope is strictly prohibited and may result in appropriate legal actions and disciplinary measures. Borrowed content included in this material are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been made to locate and obtain permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and development team do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Development Team Writer: Jeffrey C. Ginez (Philippine Normal University-Manila) Validator: Victor S. Rosales, PhD (Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology) Management Team Philippine Normal University Research Institute for Teacher Quality SiMERR National Research Centre Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information provided in this material. For inquiries or feedback, please write or call the Office of the Director of the Bureau of Learning Resources via telephone numbers (02) 8634-1072 and 8631-6922 or by email at [email protected]. TLE/QUARTER 2/ GRADE 7 I. CURRICULUM CONTENT, STANDARDS, AND LESSON COMPETENCIES A. Content The learners demonstrate an understanding of the concepts and skills in animal production. Standards B. Performance The learners illustrate the housing requirements for poultry and livestock based on industry standards. Standards C. Learning Learning Competencies: Competencies 1. Discuss the feeding management according to the Philippine National Standards (PNS) for poultry and livestock and Objectives animals; and 2. Illustrate housing requirements for poultry and livestock based on industry standards. D. Content Feeding Management of Poultry and Livestock Housing Requirements for Poultry and Livestock E. Integration Improvisation, SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, SDG 13: Climate Action II. LEARNING RESOURCES Agribusiness How It Works. (2015, October 12). How to start quail farming business | Quail farming part 1 #Agribusiness [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCsz4Md0eFI Agribusiness How It Works. (2018, December 27). Backyard Hog Fattening: Housing Management | Agribusiness B-MEG Episode 5 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ii0sUJKrTzU Department of Agriculture. (2015). Philippine National Standard - Bureau of Agricultural and Fisheries... Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards. https://bafs.da.gov.ph/bafs_admin/admin_page/pns_file/2021-02-24-PNS%20BAFS%20163_2015%20Animal%20Feed%20Ingredients.pdf Department of Agriculture (2001). Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard Paes 407:2001 agricultural... Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards. https://amtec.ceat.uplb.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/407-1.pdf Department of Agriculture (2003). Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard. PNS/paes 404: Agricultural Structure - housing for goat and Sheep : Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standards : Free download, Borrow, and streaming. Internet Archive. https://archive.org/details/pns.404.2003 Department of Agriculture (2018). Philippine national PNS/BAFS 262:2018 ICS 65.020.30 standard ICS. Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards. http://www.bafs.da.gov.ph/bafs_admin/admin_page/pns_file/PNS%20BAFS%20262-2018-Final_Free%20range%20chicken.pdf 1 Great Arch Farm ni Kabakang Arnel. (2020, January). RECOMMENDED CATTLE HOUSING FOR TROPICAL COUNTRIES [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzEL-zUxRXs Happy Farmer Integrated Farming System. (2022, October 2). Design and layout for Native Chicken Breeder Farm | Native chicken farming in the Philippines [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSfg771cmq0 Kenny’s Build. (2021, September 25). Modern Goat House Design Philippines | KENNY’S BUILD [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0gfLaKlaEE Luginbuhl, J. (2020). Nutritional feeding management of meat goats: NC state extension publications. Nutritional Feeding Management of Meat Goats | NC State Extension Publications. https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/nutritional-feeding-management-of-meat-goats Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. (n.d.). Chicken: Grower and Layer Management. Poultry :: Chicken :: Grower & Layer Management. https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/animal_husbandry/ani_chik_grower&layer%20mgt.html Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. (n.d.). Feeding Management for Cattles and Buffalo. Feeding Management. http://www.agritech.tnau.ac.in/expert_system/cattlebuffalo/Feeding%20management.html Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. (n.d.). Feeding Management of Goats and Sheep. Sheep and goat. https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/expert_system/sheepgoat/index.html Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. (n.d.). Livestock: Pig Feeding Management. Livestock :: Pig :: Feeding management. http://www.agritech.tnau.ac.in/animal_husbandry/ani_pig_feeding%20mgt.html III. TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCEDURE NOTES TO TEACHERS A. Activating Prior Day 1 The teacher will conduct a short Knowledge 1. Short Review: review based on the previous The teacher will ask the following questions to the students. lessons. The teacher will direct the 1. What are the poultry and livestock animals that can be cultured/raised in the students to name different kinds farm that serve as a means of livelihood? of chicken such as meat breeds, 2. Can you still recall the different breeds of chicken? duck? quail? pig? cattle? egg-laying breeds, dual-purpose goat? rabbit? breeds, or exhibitions/show 3. Can you name some of their breeds? poultry. Types of pigs: general- purpose, meat (pork and bacon) Part 2: Completing the KWLS Chart and lard. Types of cattle: dairy, The students will accomplish Know Want Learned So what? draft animals, meat. Types of the chart. On the K column, goats: dairy, and they will list down all what they meat. KNOW about the lesson. On This short review will serve as the W column, they will list springboard for the teacher to down all what they WANT to establish the lesson purpose. know about the lesson. The L and S column will be reserved in the latter part of The teacher may opt to use the second activity to determine the 2  the lesson. The S column is an additional column in order for the students to have prior knowledge of the students. a critical understanding on the importance of the lesson. Only the first two columns are being accomplished by the 2. Feedback (Optional) students. B. Establishing 1. Lesson Purpose: Asking like Socrates The teacher will ask the suggested Lesson Purpose The students will ask the following questions: questions to assess whether the 1. Who among you have domesticated animals at home? in the farm? students have prior knowledge 2. How do you take care of your domesticated animals at home? in the farm? and experience on taking care of 3. Do you follow standards-based management of your domestical animals or domesticated animals. culture-based management? 2. Unlocking Content Area Vocabulary The teacher will present the terms Feed is any materials which are processed, semi-processed or raw, intended needed in the discussion of the to be fed directly to farm animals in order to meet nutrient requirements. lesson. The teacher may creatively present the vocabulary such as Feed additive refers to an ingredient/s added to the basic mixed feed. matching type, game, or any Feed ingredient is a component part of mixture making up a feed, has or has possible method. no nutritional value in the animal’s diet. E.g. plant, animal or aquatic ingredient, or organic or inorganic substances. Feed supplement is a feed ingredients or mixture of feed ingredients to supply deficiencies in a ration or improve the nutritive balance or performance of the total mixture. Broods refer to the young animals of birds, produced at one hatching such as duck, chicken, and quail. Gestation is the process where in farm animals are conceived and developed in the womb. Parturition is action of giving birth to offspring. Layering refers to chicken intended for laying eggs. C. Developing and SUB-TOPIC 1: Housing Requirements for Poultry and Livestock The teacher will present two sets Deepening of pictures for the different Understanding 1. 1. Explicitation domesticated farm animals Picture Talk: The students will compare and contrast the two sets of pictures. focused on this section. The teacher will focus on directing students their observation on the housing requirements of the Source:https://images.app. Source:https://images.app.g Source:https://images.a Source:https://images.a livestock. goo.gl/EYqyEcVWbqox5Q68 oo.gl/CW5jyxxtWVGCVh6WA pp.goo.gl/ZgMp1bCRgmg pp.goo.gl/eTzz9W6iXUKD 7 dXDgh7 rLHf8 Benchmarking a farm through a video clip viewing will be done after the picture talk. In this 3  activity, the teacher will focus on the types, design and layout of the shelters of the livestock and Source:https://images.app. Source: Source: relevant details in building Source: goo.gl/rXd79vW5twCDRe4o https://images.app.goo.gl/Lc https://images.app.goo.g https://images.app.goo.g housing for the farm animals. The 8 sC1CHosdwv92NG7 l/MfGkna9S2VQrSBPy6 l/3mKVWgpdmoaf4iZP6 teacher will download the videos or may add videos if necessary. Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/V7ayA7NTLFzyuDSm7 Source: https://images.app.goo.gl/v79crU8t8MyBAEvRA Guide Questions: 1. What do you observe in each set of pictures? 2. What you notice on their shelter? 3. What do you notice on the manner of feeding of these animals given on their type of housing? After benchmarking, the students Farm Benchmarking: The students will benchmark various farms in relation to will create a miniature of the the housing requirements of the farm animals. housing of the livestock. Recommended cattle housing in Housing Management of Swine Design and Layout for Native Presentation will follow in which tropical countries https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ii0 Chickens https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vz sUJKrTzU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X the students will focus on the EL-zUxRXs Sfg771cmq0 housing requirements of the livestock such as: type of housing and building materials, and dimensions. Modern Goat House Design Quail Farming https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0gfLaKlaEE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCsz4Md0eFI Day 2 2. 2. Worked Example: Design and Tell Based on the previous activity, the students will now ready for the next activity which is the design and tell. The students will create a miniature of the desired housing of a particular livestock. In order for a more engaging accomplishment of this task, the students will be grouped into five in which each group is assigned to a particular livestock. After the designing and lay-outing the shelter of the livestock, the students will present their outputs. The presentation should include: 4  a. Miniature of the housing of the assigned livestock b. Housing requirements in the designing, lay-outing and planning of the shelter c. Building materials of the shelter (See worksheet #1 for the activity which students will accomplish.) Reading Resources Agricultural Structures: Housing for Livestock Location. According to the Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard, the shelter for goat and sheep should conform to the land use plan of the area, should be accessible to service roads, water supply, and electric line, should be well-drained and well-ventilated, should be constructed in an east-west orientation, and should be situated where the prevailing winds will not carry odors to the farm house. Type of Housing Shed Type The animals can move freely in and out of the housing area and paddock. Feeding and watering trough, mineral feeders and grain bunks are located on concrete pads at the center or along the side of the shed. Front View Side view Pen-barn type: Stall barns Each animal is confined in a stall. Each stall is provided with individual feeding and watering trough. Front view Side view Confined Housing Group pens with the same sizes are constructed with ample area for animals to exercise. Bamboo or wooden slats serve as fence of the feeding trough to prevent the animals from stepping or trampling the Front view Side view grasses. Water devices should be strategized placed in a certain area. Space Requirement Minimum floor space requirements for goats and sheep for intensive production. 5  Floor Space (m2/animal) Weight Animal Solid Slatted Open Pregnant Lactating (kg) Floor Floor Yard Doe/Ewe 35 0.80 0.70 2.0 Doe/Ewe 50 1.10 0.90 2.50 1.30 2.00 Doe/Ewe 70 1.40 1.10 3.0 1.60 2.30 Kid/Lamb 0.40-.50 0.30-0.40 - Buck/Ram 3.0 2.50 - Structural Requirement Roof should be adequate enough to provide shelter against rain and intense heat. The height of the front eave shall be at least 2m and the height of the rear eave shall be at least 1.5m. For adequate ventilation, roof slope shall not be less than 25%. If the roofing is made of indigenous materials, the minimum roof slope shall be 58%. Wall shall be adequate enough against rain. A clearance of 150mm-300mm between floor to wall and wall to beam. This creates an adequate air circulation and lower draft. Space Requirement is shown in the following table. Shed or Barn Floor Area Class, Age, Size of Animal (m2/animal) Calves (up to 3 months) 1 Calves (3-6 months) 2 Calves (7 months - one year) 3 Yearlings (1-2 years) 4 Heifer/Steer (2-3 years) 5 Milking and Dry cows 6 Cows in Maternity stall 10 Structural Requirement Floor. The minimum floor thickness shall be 76 mm with 2-4% slope towards the drainage. Concrete floors should be skid resistant. Earthen floor shall have 4-7%. Roof. Adequate roofing materials shall be provided to protect the cattle against rain and sunlight. The roof slope shall not be less than 25%. If the roofing is made of indigenous materials, it should have a slope of 58%. The minimum height of the top of the roof shall be 2.5m from the floor. Pen wall. This must be preferably made of galvanized iron pipes schedule 40. The diameter of vertical and horizontal railing member of the pen wall shall be 50mm and 75mm of the post. The maximum center to center spacing between vertical 6  railing member shall be 1.5m and for horizontal railing member shall be 0.4m. The maximum center to center spacing between post shall be 3m and shall be embedded in a concrete pedestal with a minimum depth of 0.4m. Each post shall be provided with 0.15m concrete protectors. The pen shall be 1.2m -1.5m high. Sharp edges must be avoided to avoid injury to the animals. Paints should be avoided that may intoxicate the cattle. Figure 1. Sample slatted pen wall Figure 2. Individual calf pen Pens. Maternity pen shall be provided for cows that are two months away from parturition. The pen shall be bedded with straw or any suitable bedding materials during calving. Rice hull is more preferred than rice straw. It shall be equipped with feeding and watering facility. It should shelter 20-25 mature cows. Agricultural Structures: Housing for Poultry Location. It should be within the approved land use plan of the local government and compliant with national regulations, should have an accessible supply of adequate power, potable water, and good service road, should not be adjacent any body of water or wetlands, should be not prone to flooding, should not be near slaughterhouse facilities and other chicken facilities, and should be adjacent to hazards such as physical, chemical, and microbiological. Farm Layout. It should have a suitable area for storage of feed, carcass destruction, waste management, and workers area, should incorporate ventilation and ease of cleaning, should have perimeter fences to prevent contact between livestock and stray chickens, should have a properly installed electrical conduits, and should include a layout for emergency procedures. Minimum requirements for free range chicken production Flock size should not exceed 5,000 birds per house with a maximum of 20,000 birds per site. The indoor stocking density should not exceed the following recommendations: Birds Type Fixed Building Mobile Housing Broiler 10 birds/m2 or 17kg/m2 Not less than 10 m2 floor space: 8 birds//m2 or 13 kg/m2 Layers 6 birds/m2, not more than 5 birds per nest hole, 31 cm aerial perch space per hen 7  Native chicken 6 birds/m2, not more than 5 birds per nest hole, 31 cm aerial perch space per hen Day 3 3. 3. Lesson Activity: Consulting the Agri Expert Directions: The students will conduct an interview with an agriculture expert such as farm owner, agricultural engineer, and other community resources who have knowledge in housing requirements of livestock. This activity will strengthen their knowledge gained inside the four-walled classroom and determine the practices on the ground whether culture-based as well as scientific-based practices or combinations of the two. The students will focus on a particular livestock only. E.g. Group 1 will work on the housing requirements for goats, group 2 for chicken, etc. The output of this task is a narrative report that includes the executive summary, narrative report, and photo documentations with brief captions (photos with the resource person, picture of the farm, pictures of the livestock housing, pictures of the livestock, pictures of the interviewees, and other relevant pictures. (See worksheet for the activity which students will accomplish.) SUB-TOPIC 2: Feeding Management of Poultry and Livestock 1. 1. Explicitation Mind mapping: Students will write relevant terms/phrases on the feeding management of poultry and livestock. The students will write as many as they can. The teacher will utilize a mind map to ignite the prior knowledge of the students. The student will Chicken Goat Swine Cattle work in three for them share their work. Presentation will follow. The students will benchmark Triad: Students will group into farms by watching video clips three. They will share what they will write with the group. After which, they will look about diet formulation and into patterns of what they have written and nutrition and feeding management present before the class. of livestock. A guide question will be asked after watching a video. 2. 2. Worked Example The teacher will show one video Benchmarking: The students will watch video clips on the diet formulation and after the other. The teacher will nutrition and feeding management of the livestock. Students will list down the diet ensure that the video will be formulation, nutrition, and feeding management of the livestock and will answer the processed by asking question in guide questions. between play and stop. 8 Diet Formulation and Nutrition Secret Formulation of Grower Goat Proper Feeding and The teacher may extend one/two of Cattles Feed for Pigs in Palban's Farm Nutrition https://www.youtube.com/watch https://www.youtube.com/watch https://www.youtube.com/watch sessions on this lesson. ?v=aaC0QP_7KXs ?v=xL6719ZAG7o ?v=DJWb6w0HKzU Feed Formulation for Chicken Low cost 100kg Quail Feed Formulation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0t80onhAwsM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwFTnSyPHks Guide Questions: 1. What are the diet formulation and nutrition, and feeding management of the livestock? 2. How do the farm owners manage the feeding of the different livestock? Reading Resources Feed is any materials which are processed, semi-processed or raw, intended to be fed directly to farm animals. In this way, they meet nutrient requirements to maintain life, promote growth, production and reproduction. Feed additive refers to an ingredient/s added to the basic mixed feed. It is usually used in micro-quantities and requires careful handling and mixing. It has no nutritive value but adds quality and efficacy. Feed ingredient is a component part of mixture making up a feed, has or ha no nutritional value in the animal’s diet. E.g. plant, animal or aquatic ingredient, or organic or inorganic substances. Feed supplement is a feed ingredients or mixture of feed ingredients to supply deficiencies in a ration or improve the nutritive balance or performance of the total mixture. The commonly used feed ingredients that are good sources of energy include banana meal (peeled or unpeeled), barley (hulled), cassava (peeled or unpeeled), corn, oats, rice (middling paddy) sorghum, cane sugar, and wheat. The good sources of protein are: blood meal/hemoglobin powder, egg (powder, whole, spray dried), fish meal (imported and local), meat and bone meal, prok/porcine meal, hydrolyzed feather meal, shrimp meal, squid meal, black bean, canola meal, Leucaena leaf meal (ipil-ipil), rapeseed meal, soybean, cowpea, feed peas, green peas, lupins, maple peas, mung bean, pigeon pea (kadyos), rice bean, safflower seed, 9 sunflower seeds, vetch seeds, white/yellow peas, guar meal. Non-protein nitrogen sources include urea, bakery by-products, cassava residue, dried spent Brewer’s grain, dried Brewer’s yeast, corn bran, corn germ meal, corn gluten feed, dried distillers grains with solubles, sugarcane molasses, palm kernel meal, rice bran (D1 or D2), scrap noodles, soya hulls, wheat gluten, wheat pollard. Dairy products include buttermilk powder, lactose powder, skimmed milk powder, whey powder, whole milk powder. Fats and oils include acidulated oil, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, palm olein, soybean oil, tallow, used cooking oil. Feed supplements and additives having calcium and phosphorus content are bone meal dicalcium phosphate, monodicalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate. Feed supplements containing calcium include limestone, oyster shell. Feed supplements containing sodium and chlorine are salt, iodized salt, sodium bicarbonate. Amino acid supplements are DI-methionine, methionine hydroxyl analogue (MHA), L-lysine HCl, lysine sulfate, L-thereonine, L-tryptophan, L-valine. Feed additives include acidifying agents, anti-caking agents, anti-molds, antioxidants, dextrose anhydrous, dextrose anhydrous, enzymes, flavoring sweeteners, hormones, immune enhancers, nutritional metabolites, pellet binders, pigmenters, prebiorics, probiotics, surfactants, mycotoxin binders. Safety precautionary measures should be done in handling feeds, feed ingredients, and feed additives to avoid biological and chemical hazards. To make attractive profit and product good meat, consider the following variables: age, sex, breed, and health condition of farm animals. Feeding Facilities for Goats/Sheep Feeding troughs should be trapezoidal or semi- cylindrical. It should have a dept of 180mm-250 mm x 300mm. It shall be raised off the ground at least 150mm to keep the animals. Hay racks shall be diagonal or vertical slats with a minimum spacing of 130mm. 50mm, thk concrete Hay racks shall be properly positioned and designed to w. 10 mm θ ties @200 mm o.c bothways. avoid risk of injury. The following figures present the side view and front view of the feeding racks. Front and side view Recommend linear feed space is shown on the following table. Animal Weight Feeding space (linear mm/animal) Doe/Ewe 30 350 Doe/Ewe 50 400 10  Doe/Ewe 70 450 Kid/Lamb 250 Kid/Lamb 500 Water Facility For open tank drinking system, 300 mm space is required for each 15-25 heads. For automatic watering system, 1 bowl or nipple shall be provided for every 50 heads. The watering devices shall be situated where water is easily drained. For free range, apron around the waterers shall be paved or packed with gravel at least 750mm width. Milking Area shall be separated from where the goats are kept and shall be provided with milking stall. The milking stand is shown in the illustration. Figure 3. Milking stand Suggested flushing rations for ewe include good mixed of pasture of legumes and grasses, a grass pasture and 150g of wheat bran per head per day, grass pasture and 250g of grains and 450g of oil cakes, legume hay full fed and 100g of wheat bran and 150-200g of grain, and green fodder at 10% of body weight and 150-200g of concentrate per head per day. Suggested flushing ration for early and mid-pregnancy ewe include: graze on a good pasture, 1-2kg sorghum silage and legume hay of ½ to 1kg head per day. Add libitum supply of maize and 50g of oil cakes per head per day. Grazing on stubbles and harvested fields supplemented with 100g of oil cakes per head per day. Feeding rams for breeding. Rams in normal condition require some additional nutrients during the breeding season. An over-fat ram needs thinning before the breeding season. Allow rams to graze with the ewes to allow them to get same rations as the ewes. If separate feeding, it may be given 300-500g of concentrate mixture consisting of three parts of oats or barley, one part maize and one part wheat per day. Feeding of breeding does. If the availability of pasture is good, there is no need to supplement concentrate mixture. In poor grazing condition animals may be supplemented with concentrate mixture at 150-350g of concentrate per animal per day. The digestible crude protein level of concentrate mixture used in the adult is 12%. 11  Feeding management can be extensive grazing, rotational grazing method, and semi-intensive method. Extensive grazing involves letting sheep or goat in the entire pasture and leaving them there for the whole season. Rotational grazing method is done when pasture land is divided by temporary fences into several sections. The animals are moved from one section to another section. Once the entire pasture is grazed, the first section will have sufficient grass cover to provide second grazing. This method controls parasitic infestations to a great extent. It also provides good quality of fodder. Further, this system lets lambs graze first and brings in ewes to finish up the feed left by the lambs. Semi-intensive combines extensive and intensive system due to limited grazing. It involves extensive management but of controlled grazing. It consists of stall feeding, shelter at night under shed and 3-5 hours daily grazing and browsing on pasture and range. Daily Nutrient Requirement for meat-producing goats Young Goats Does (110 lb) Bucks Nutrient Weanlin Yearli Pregnan Pregnan Lactatin Lactatin (80- g (30lb) ng t (Early) t (Late) g (Avg g (High 120lb) (60lb) Milk ) Milk) Dry matter, 2.0 3.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.0 lb TDN, % 68 65 55 60 60 65 60 Protein, % 14 12 10 11 11 14 11 Calcium, % 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 Phosphorus, 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 % Feeding Facilities for Cattles Feeding troughs shall be placed along the sides of the pen and should either be made of wood or concrete. It shall have horizontal rail to prevent animals from stepping the trough. The height of the horizontal rail shall be 0.7m for up to 6 months calves, while for 7 months calves is 0.9m. For yearling, heifer, dry, and milking cows is 1-2m. The inside surfaces of the feeding trough should be smooth and it should have rounded corners to facilitate cleaning. The bed of the trough should be 0.15m above the level of the apron to facilitate natural feeding stance. For calves up to one year, the dimension of the feed trough shall be 0.25m depth, 0.4m-0.65m bottom width, and 0.65-0.85m top width. For older animals, the dimension of the feed trough shall be 0.4m 12  depth, 0.45m-0.7m Class, age, size or animal Linear feeding space bottom width and 0.7- mm/animal 0.9 top width. Storage Calves (3-6 months) 45 sheds for all feedstuffs such as hay, grain, Calves (7 months -one year) 50 mineral salt shall be provided to keep it dry, Yearling, heifer, milking and dry 75 cows, cows in maternity stall to protect from rodents and other animals. Commonly feed ingredients for dairy animals Feed Ingredients Sources Cereal grains Maize, bajra, sorghum, broken rice, oats, barley wheat Vegetable protein Ground nut coil cake, soybean meal, sunflower oil cake, cotton seed meal, coconut meal, linseed meal, mustard cake, sesame seed meal, Milling by products De oiled rice brain, wheat brain, rice polish, molasses Animal fat Lard, tallow Vegetable fat Corn oil, groundnut oil, sunflower oil Feeding dairy cow. Feeding management plays a crucial role in farm economy because feed alone constitutes 60% of the production cost of milk. The nutrient requirement should be determined for maintenance as well as for milk production to meet the fat percentage in milk and gestation. Thus, it needs computation. Dry matter from roughage should not exceed 2% of cow’s live weight not should it be less than 1%. Recommended nutrient inclusions: major minerals include phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chlorine; micro-minerals include iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, selenium, thyroid, fluorine and vitamins include Vitamin A, D, E, K, and C. Feeding Allowances Type of Stage of Cattle Green Fodder Dry fodder Concentrates Cattle (kg/day/anima (kg/day/anim (kg/day/anim l) al) al) Cow (ave Milk yield, 15.00 5.00 2.00 weight of 5 L/day 250kg) Milk yield, 17.50 5.50 3.00 5 10 L/day 13  Milk yield, 10-15 20.00 6.00 4.00 L/day Cow in - 15.00 5.00 4.00 gestation Buffalo Milk yield, 15.00 5.00 2.50 (ave weight of 5 L/day 400kg) Milk yield, 20.00 6.00 4.00 5 10 L/day Milk yield, 25.00 7.00 5.00 10-15 L/day Bull During days of 20.00 7.00 2.00 (ave weight of work 300kg) During days of no 15.00 5.50 1.00 work Pig Feeding Management Swine are monogastric animals. Part of the protein diet of pigs come from animal source. They should be fed on a regular basis. Fresh feed should be put only after removal of the previous feed from the feed trough. They require 4-8kg will per day. All categories of pigs can be given small quantity of fodder or they may be pastured to graze grasses. Ad libitum feeding may be practice for weaned pigs. Nutrient requirement of breeding stock Type Breed Gilts Lactating Gilts and Young board and Sows Adult boars Live weight (kg) 110-250 140-250 110-250 Energy and Protein DE (M cal/kg) 3.3 3.3 3.3 ME (M cal/kg) 3.17 3.17 3.17 Inorganic Nutrients (%) Calcium 0.75 0.75 0.75 Phosphorus 0.75 0.50 0.50 Salt 0.50 0.50 0.50 Nutrient requirement of growing stock Type Weaning Growing Finishing Live weight (kg) 5-12 12-50 50-100 Daily gain (kg) 0.30 0.50 0.60 Energy and Protein DE (M cal/kg) 3.5 3.5 3.3 ME (M cal/kg) 3.36 3.36 3.17 Crude Protein (%) 22 18 14 14  Inorganic Nutrients (%) Calcium 0.80 0.65 0.50 Phosphorus 0.60 0.50 0.40 Sodium - 0.10 - Chlorine - 0.13 - Other feeds used for Item Incorporation level feeding pig: up to (%) Tapioca starch waste 15-20 Rubber seed cake 15 Tamarind seed roasted 20 Tea waste 20 Meat Offal 20 Feeding of boars. A breeding board requires 2-2.5kg concentrate per 100 kg weight. Greens should be provided if they raised indoor. Year-round pasture is excellent if it could provide physical exercise and valuable nutrients. Feeding of female. The increased needs are intended for proteins, vitamins, and minerals. They gain 30-35 kg and gilts 40-45kg during pregnancy. There should be regulation of feed. Individual feeding is required. Flushing is a practice of giving extra feed to sows and gilts from 1-2 weeks prior to mating and returns to normal feeding after mating. Feeding of farrowing sow and litter. Feed them lightly with bulky laxative feed. Bring the sow to full feeding in 10 days. Greens should be provided. Feed allowance is 2.5-3kg/100 kg body weight at rate of 0.2kg per piglet with the sow. The piglets may be provided with special nourishing diet called creep feed. Creep feeding is a self-feeding concentrate to piglets. This should be given when they are two weeks old. Feeding of growing and finishing pigs. They must be fed on a regular basis twice to thrice a day. As fattening progresses, protein percent in ration may be decreased. This period may be considered from weaning 910kg to the slaughterhouse weight of 90-100kg. Orphan pigs. Piglets should be immediately shifted to a foster mother when a sow dies or fails to produce milk or does not claim her pigs. Ration of Layer Mash Ingredients Percentage Yellow maize 47 Soybean meal 12 Gingelly oil cake 4 Groundnut oil cake 6 15  Rice polish 13 Wheat bran 4 Fish meal/dried unsalted fish 6 Dicalcium phosphate 1 Salt 0.25 Mineral mixture 1.75 Shell meal 5 Total 100.00 Day 4 3. 3. Lesson Activity Consulting an Agri Expert: The students will conduct an interview with an expert (farm owner, agricultural engineer, veterinarian, farm laborer and other community resources). The students will determine the feeding management of livestock in a certain farm. After which, they will create a (video) presentation on the results of their interview. The (video) presentation should consist of the following: feeding management of the expert, sample ration or food formulation, materials, and photos of the interviewee and interviewers. D. Making 1. Learners’ Takeaways The teacher will ensure that the Generalizations Completing the KWLS Chart: The students will revisit their initial output on KWLS initial outputs of the students on chart. This time the students will now accomplish the L and S column. The L KWLS are kept in order for the column is intended to all the learnings and insights gained from the three lessons students to have their self- covered. The S column provides way for students to determine the importance and reflection on their own learning in benefits they derive from learning the lessons. this section. For the reflection, the students Know Want Learned So what? will work on weekly reflection log to provide feedback on their own learning. 16  2. Reflection on Learning The students will accomplish the weekly reflection log. IV. EVALUATING LEARNING: FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT AND TEACHER’S REFLECTION NOTES TO TEACHERS A. Evaluating 1. Formative Assessment The teacher will ask the following Learning Students will answer the following questions: questions to conclude the lesson. This will provide plenty of ideas 1. What are the standards of housing and feeding requirements of the poultry and and insights from the students. livestock? The teacher will integrate the 2. Why do we need to know the standards of housing and feeding requirements of SDG 11, 12 and 13 in this poultry and livestock? section. 2. Homework (Optional) B. Teacher’s Note observations on The teacher may take note of Remarks any of the following Effective Practices Problems Encountered some observations related to the areas: effective practices and problems encountered after utilizing the different strategies, materials strategies explored used, learner engagement and other related stuff. materials used 17  learner engagement/ Teachers may also suggest ways interaction to improve the different activities explored/ lesson exemplar. Others. C. Teacher’s Reflection guide or prompt can be on: Teacher’s reflection in every Reflection ▪ principles behind the teaching lesson conducted/ facilitated is What principles and beliefs informed my lesson? essential and necessary to Why did I teach the lesson the way I did? improve practice. You may also consider this as an input for the ▪ students LAC/Collab sessions. What roles did my students play in my lesson? What did my students learn? How did they learn? ▪ ways forward What could I have done differently? What can I explore in the next lesson? 18