Purposive Communication Week 2. Student Copy.pptx

Communication, Importance of Communication, Elements of the Communication Process, Principles of Effective Oral and Written Communication, Ethics in Communication (A Review)  Learning Outcomes At the end of the discussio...

Communication, Importance of Communication, Elements of the Communication Process, Principles of Effective Oral and Written Communication, Ethics in Communication (A Review)  Learning Outcomes At the end of the discussion, students should be able to: define communication and describe 01 its nature and importance; identify the different elements of 02 communication; understand the process of 03 communication and its effect on giving and receiving information; understand the functions of verbal 04 and non-verbal communication in various multi-cultural contexts;  Learning Outcomes At the end of the discussion, students should be able to: classify the types and levels of 05 communication; identify the common types of barriers to effective communication and 06 discuss strategies to overcome these communication barriers. reflect on different methods of 07 communication and decide when each is most suitable; communicate their message in an 08 effective and engaging way for the recipient. What is Communication? Why do we communicate? How do we communicate?  How is communication different from talking? Communication is a ______ way process. What are the roles of the speaker and the listener? How would you find a day without speaking? What were the examples/situations were given in the video to emphasize the importance of communication?  Communication Defined The word ‘communication’ is derived from a Latin word ‘communis’’ which means ‘commonness’ or ‘to share or to participate’. ✔ It is the process of exchanging ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions from one person to another with the use of symbols which may be verbal and/or non-verbal and aims for understanding.  Communication Defined is a human act of sending (verbalor nonverbal; online or offline) and receiving of messages where interpretations are normally constructed in the process. What are the most common ways on how we communicate with other people? Spoken Visual Word Images Written Body Word Language  Fact Check! Elements of Personal Communication Dr. Mehrabian’s 7-38-55% Rule 7% Body Language Voice, Tone 38% Spoken Words 55%  Why is Communication important? Communication helps to spread knowledge and information among people.  Communication is the foundation of all human relationships. Communication helps people to express their ideas and feelings and at the same time helps us to understand emotions and thoughts of others. The Communication Process  The process of communication begins with a source/sender/ encoder who can be an individual, an entity, a company or an organization.  A communication channel (verbal, nonverbal, technology, written) refers to the pathway by which the message gets transmitted from the sender to the receiver.  The idea or concept transmitted to the receiver is called the message. The message is the verbal and non-verbal form of the idea, thought, or feeling that one intends to communicate to another person or groups of people.  Verbal message pertains to the language one utters. It comes in the form of words, phrases, and sentences which can either be oral or written.  Non-verbal message refers to gestures, body movements, sign languages, and facial expressions that carry with them their own meaning.  The primary role of the receiver is to decode or interpret the message and may respond/give a feedback to the message being received or not. Feedback may be in a form of verbal or nonverbal responses, e.g. nod, smile, etc  The Elements of the Communication Process Sender/Source Encoding Receiver Context Message Channel Decoding Feedback Barriers  Physical Milieu/ Context – where the communication takes place, environmental conditions (temperature, noise level, etc.), time, distance between communicators.  Social Milieu/ Context – the nature of relationships existing between or among the communicators (friends, husband and wife, parent and child, colleagues, boss- subordinate)  Psychological Milieu/Context – communicators’ moods and feelings Cultural Milieu/Context – beliefs, values and norms shared by a large group of people  Historical Milieu/ Context – the background provided by previous communication incidents between or among the communicators and which affects understandings in the current exchange.  External noise – sights and sounds and any other distractions in the environment. Internal noise – distractions within the communicator such as psychological (daydreaming, worrying, etc.) or biological (hearing loss or illness). Semantic noise – the use of words in language, e.g. use of jargons, slang expressions, etc. *The doctor reprimanded the student nurse for failing to update him on the patient’s status as instructed. The nurse, who had been sleepy when the instructions were given earlier, forgot to follow through. Sender – Channel – Message – Receiver – Context Physical - Social – Cultural – Psychological – Historical – Type of Noise – Is there a feedback present in the situation? – (Note: Write N/A if not applicable) Principles of Ethical Communication What is ethics? Moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conduct of an activity.  Ethics in Communication - Ethical communication refers to communicating in a manner that is clear, concise, truthful, and responsible.  Ethics in Communicati on Respect Observe Uphold Diversity of Freedom of Integrity Perspective Expression and Privacy Effectively  Ethics in Communicati on Promote Be Develop Your Access to Open-minded Sense of Communicati Accountability on Seven C’s of Communication Principle Completeness Conciseness Coherence Concreteness  PART 2 ❑ Types and Levels of Communication ❑ Barriers in Communication  Types of Communicati on  Let's Assume! Monday mornings are often busy; you spotted two adults running while on your way to school one morning. They both appeared to be in a hurry, yet something was off. Can you differentiate the two based on their body language? Tell us the difference.  Verbal Communication Verbal communication refers to communication that makes use of language in expressing ideas or emotions. Communicators utilize speech to express or communicate what they wish to say or communicate. Although spoken communication is frequently thought of when the phrase "verbal communication" is used, written communication is also a form of verbal communication. TYPES OF Written VERBAL Communication COMMUNICATION Oral Communication These are printed messages. Examples include memos, proposals, 01 e-mails, letters, etc. They may be printed on paper, handwritten, or appear on the screen. It consists of all spoken exchanges. 02 Examples are casual conversations among friends, a voicemail, and conference calls and speeches Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication refers to communication that does not make use of language to communicate. Other than words, nonverbal communication involves body language, gestures, appearance, and silence.  Elements of Nonverbal Communication Vocalics/ Proxemics Chronemics Artifacts Movement Paralanguag e Vocalics/ Paralanguage This refers to the use of volume, tone, pitch, and rate of speaking to give additional meaning or emphasis to what is spoken.  Proxemics This refers to the use of space to convey an idea or image. The use of space or proximity is a significant indicator of how close or intimate we feel toward people.  Proxemics There are four (4) proxemic zones according to Hall (1966): The Intimate Zone (0” – 1.5’) The Personal Zone (1.5 – 4’) The Social Zone (4’ – 12’) The Public Zone (12’ – infinity)  Chronemics It is an attitude of time which disclose information with others about status and relationship with others. It is our self-concept. For example, being late to appointments where you have duties and responsibilities is almost always indicate a sign of disrespect or lack of commitment towards work. On the other hand, to be punctual suggests that the person is committed to the task at hand or a sign of respect to those whom one is meeting. Artifacts These refer to the things a person own, use, or wear that convey message about such person; it includes our preference, taste, or resources (or the lack of it to convey meanings)  Movement It refers to your posture, gesture, facial expression, and body language and everything you do are perhaps the most obvious in communicating messages. We interpret a great deal of meaning through body movement. However, communication through body language might be interpreted differently in different settings and cultures, so be cautious.  Levels of Communicati on  Intrapersonal Interpersonal It is extremely private and This takes place between two restricted to the self. It individuals in a one-on-one includes a silent conversation conversation. with the self confined as thoughts.  Small Group Public This takes place only when more than two It takes place when one people are involved. It occurs between 3 and publicly addresses a large 20 individuals (Poole, 1989) communicating in gathering of people, like in a context that is both relational and social campaigns and speeches (Johnson, 1991), in which decision-making requires that members identify with the group and have an attitude of commitment to participate in interaction (Ellis, 1994).  Mass It is the use of print (newspaper and magazines) and broadcast (radio and television) media channels to reach a wider coverage. The key is that you are reaching a large amount of people without it being face to face. Feedback is generally delayed with mass communication.  Barriers in Communication Communication is an essential process in our lives, and it's important to understand what barriers can potentially prevent effective communication. In this part, we'll discuss common barriers in communication and how to identify and address them.  What is communication barrier? Communication barriers are any factors that prevent us from effectively exchanging and understanding messages. They can be physical, cultural, linguistic, or emotional, and can occur within or between individuals, groups, or organizations.  Why should we care? Miscommunication Conflicts Opportunities Communication barriers Communication barriers Communication barriers can lead to missed can lead to can create negative opportunities. If you misunderstandings and impacts on don’t understand what conflict. If you don’t take relationships, both someone is trying to the time to understand personal and say, then you might someone’s point of view professional. This can miss out on valuable or if you don’t lead to strained information or advice. communicate clearly, then relationships and can it can lead to even cause conflicts.  Language Barrier Language barrier in communication is a difficulty or obstacle that arises when people who speak different languages attempt to interact. This can prevent people from understanding each other and lead to misunderstandings, frustration, and evenbarrier The language conflict. can be caused by a lack of knowledge of the other person’s language, or a lack of proficiency in both languages.  Physical Barrier Physical environmental barriers refer to any physical limitation that can interfere with the communication process. Examples include noise, poor lighting, distance between speakers, and Other physical physical environmental obstructions between barriers include technology issues, speakers. such as poor signal reception on mobile phones, or a lack of access to technology, such as the internet or computers.  Emotional Barrier An emotional barrier in communication is a psychological barrier that prevents people from fully expressing their emotions or feelings to one another. This can be due to a lack of trust, fear of vulnerability, or difficulty in understanding the other person's Emotional barriers can interfere point of view. with effective communication and lead to misunderstandings and conflict.  Cultural Barrier Cultural barriers to communication are the differences in language, customs, and beliefs that may exist between people of different cultures or societies. These barriers can prevent people from understanding each other, leading to miscommunication Cultural and to barriers can also lead misunderstanding. cultural clashes, which are disagreements or conflicts caused by differences in beliefs and values.  Overcoming Communication Barriers Become an engaged listener Listening well means not just understanding the words or the information being communicated, but also understanding the emotions the speaker is trying to communicate.  Apply positive self-talk and perception Positivity is the best encouragement. It welcomes good vibes and pleasant outlook in all communication.  Use appropriate language Tailor the words you will use based on your audience or listener. Keep it simple or understandable.  Be Open Suspend your own judgment, ideas, and beliefs. Give the speaker time to develop and express his/her ideas or point before you conclude if the message has any value, little value, or none at all.  Give and accept feedback Feedback keeps the communication going. Respond to what has been heard. Keep an open mind and avoid overreacting emotionally to a message or feedback.  Pay attention to nonverbal signals The way you look, listen, move, and react to another person tells them more about how you’re feeling than words alone ever can. Wrap Up  Any questions? Thank you for listening!  Independent Study: Individual and Group Group Role Play Assignment: Work with your assigned group to create a 3-5 minute role play based on the setting assigned to your group. Your role play must include a clear example of a communication breakdown within the scenario. Demonstrate how the communication breakdown occurs and creatively show steps to overcome it. You are encouraged to be creative with your presentation to convey the situation effectively. Ensure your role play has a clear beginning, middle, and end, highlighting the resolution of the communication breakdown. Settings: Group 1: Emergency Room Group 2: Delivery Room Group 3: Hospital Ward Group 4: Nursery Room Group 5: At the Airport Group 6: School Clinic Group 7: At Home Group 8: Barangay Health Center  Needs Improvement (1 Criteria Excellent (5 points) Good (3 points) point) The communication The breakdown is Clarity of breakdown is clearly somewhat clear but The breakdown is Communication defined, realistic, and may lack detail or unclear, unrealistic, or Breakdown central to the scenario. realism. poorly developed. The role play is highly The role play is Creativity and creative, engaging, and somewhat creative and The role play lacks Engagement captivates the holds the audience’s creativity and fails to audience's attention. interest. engage the audience. The resolution is well- The resolution Resolution of thought-out, realistic, addresses the The resolution is Breakdown and effectively breakdown but lacks unclear, unrealistic, or addresses the depth or clarity. ineffective. breakdown. The group works seamlessly together, The group works well The group shows Teamwork and with balanced together, with minor minimal collaboration, Collaboration participation and clear imbalances in with unbalanced communication. participation. participation. The presentation is The presentation is The presentation lacks Presentation and well-organized, with a organized but may have organization and a clear Organization clear beginning, middle, some unclear parts. structure. and end.