Types of Communication According to Context PDF

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO CONTEXT 1. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION The Latin prefix INTRA means "within or inside." Intrapersonal communication then means TALKING TO ONESELF. Other terms for this type are self or inner talk, inner monologue, inner Dialogue, self-verbalization, and self-st...

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO CONTEXT 1. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION The Latin prefix INTRA means "within or inside." Intrapersonal communication then means TALKING TO ONESELF. Other terms for this type are self or inner talk, inner monologue, inner Dialogue, self-verbalization, and self-statement People talk to themselves for various reasons. Examples are to boost confidence, to apprise Themselves, or to self-console. The advantages of intrapersonal communication are the Following: ◼ enables you to practice what you need to say when you lack motivation and Confidence, ◼ gives you positive reinforcement, ◼ verbalizes your thoughts and feelings (self-expression), ◼ improves decision-making, and ◼ enhances your self-worth as a person. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION Inter is a Latin prefix that means "between, among, and together." Interpersonal Communication is intended to establish or strengthen one's relationship with others. It is less serious and less formal. However, if the objective of the conversation is to achieve something in The end, it becomes transactional. This aims to accomplish or resolve something at the end of the Conversation. It is more serious and more formal. EXTENDED COMMUNICATION Extended communication involves the use of electronic media. Examples of these electronic Media are television, radio, conferencing (tele, audio, video, phone), Skype calls, and others. The advantages of this mode of communication are: ◼ people who are far apart can participate in a meeting or a conference, ◼ speakers can reach a wider group of listeners, and ◼ messages are transmitted quickly. These are the things to consider when using electronic media: ◼ because extended communication is done in public, speakers are expected to be Prepared, which makes their language more formal, ◼ extended communication allows others to influence your thinking, behavior, and Attitude, and you may be persuaded to accept the viewpoints you hear, and ▪ it is critical that you weigh what you hear and compare it to your own beliefs in Order to avoid being influenced by the convictions of others. Organizational Communication The emphasis in this type is on the role of communication in organizational contexts. Be Aware that each organization has expectations that you, as a communication professional, may Someday meet or establish as a future owner. communication system should be put in place for an organization to be successful. A Set of communication protocol rules or standards should be established so that interaction Patterns can be established. Individually, you should be equipped with the necessary oral and Written communication skills that the organization expects of you. There are two types of organizational structure: formal and informal. Formal: The formal structure allows for communication between positions in the organization to take place through designated channels of message flow. This can be accomplished through four Methods: downward communication, upward communication, horizontal communication, and Crosswise communication. Each of these communication methods has advantages and Disadvantages. Kinds of formal structures: Downward communication When information flows from higher to lower positions, such as from a president to a Manager or supervisor, or from a manager to an ordinary staff, this is referred to as downward Communication. The flow of communication is top-down, or from a superior to a subordinate, With specific individuals being asked to perform a specific task. a. Upward communication -Message transmission in upward communication is bottom-up in which subordinates send communication to their superiors/bosses expressing their opinions/feedback on Organizational policies, job-related issues, and the like. b. Horizontal communication -Horizontal communication is lateral in approach because it occurs among people on the Same level but from different departments or units to facilitate task performance through proper Coordination. c. Crosswise communication - The crosswise approach is diagonal in nature as employees from different units or Departments working at various levels communicate with each other. Informal: Informal communication stems from unofficial message channels. Also known as "grapevine." Messages come from the different levels of the organization. This is due to Employee dissatisfaction accompanied by uncertainty, such as superiors favoritism and unfavorable or unacceptable company rules and regulations. Some employees even resort to Baseless gossip and rumors, which they spread like wildfire. The origins of are nearly impossible to trace a rumor. In fact, when confronted, some People become defensive. Put the blame on others so they can get out of the mess quickly. What is "organizational culture?" An organization develops its own core values, vision and Mission statements, goals, and objectives based on its history and development. Organizational culture is critical because it dictates the type of behavior that employees Should exhibit as well as the level of commitment that the organization expects from them. They All share the organization's values, practices, vision, and mission. "Company cultures are like country cultures," says Peter Drucker. Never attempt to Change one. Instead, try to make do with what you've got." He means that company culture is Within the control of the entrepreneur or company owner. If you cannot adapt to the company's Culture, you look for another job or place of employment where you will be happy and in harmony With your superiors and coworkers. 2. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION - This is communication between or among people having different linguistic, religious, Ethnic, social, and professional backgrounds. Gender influences communication as well. Individuals of various orientations communicate and interpret messages in different ways. This Is especially true of nonverbal communication. Non-verbal differences: For example, Australians value eye contact in determining a person's sincerity, whereas Indians believe that staring someone in the eyes while talking is inappropriate. This does not Imply that they are dishonest or insincere. Another example: Indians interpret the waving of hands from side to side as NO or GO AWAY, while it means HELLO among Westerners. Linguistic differences: With the introduction of World Englishes, different cultures develop lexicons that are Unique to the speech community. Philippine English, a local variety of English developed in the Philippines, has introduced lexical innovation not found or used in other varieties. Examples in vocabulary: thrice, batchmates, CR (comfort room), solons, barangay captain, And high blood. examples in pronunciation: THESE supposedly pronounced with a hard /th/are Pronounced instead with a /d/ by the average Filipino since the hard /th/ is not part of the Filipino Phonology. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO PURPOSE AND STYLE In terms of purpose and style, there are two types of communication: FORMAL AND INFORMAL. Rather than focusing on the transmission of a message and message flow, as in the Case of Organizational Communication, the focus here is on the communication setting and mode Of delivery. Formal: This uses formal language delivered orally or in writing. Among other things, lectures, Public talks/speeches, research and project proposals, reports, and business letters are all Considered formal situations and writings. While lectures are delivered orally, the texts have been Thought out carefully and written well before they are delivered. The objectives for formal communication according to purpose and style are : to inform, Entertain, and persuade Informal: This does not employ formal language. Involves personal and ordinary conversations with Friends, family, or acquaintances about anything and everything. The mode may be oral as in Face-to-face, ordinary, or everyday talks and phone calls, or written as in the case of e-mail messages, personal notes, letters, or text messages. The purpose is simply to socialize and enhance relationships. Lesson 3 Communication Processes, Principles, and Ethics COMMUNICATION MODELS Why is it important to understand communication models? You will recognize their significance because they will assist you in comprehending how a Communication process works. It is only by knowing the flow of communication that you will be Able to make the communication process effective. 1. ARISTOTLE'S COMMUNICATION MODEL Classic rhetoric dates back to ancient Greece during the time of Plato, Aristotle, and the Greek sophists, who were great rhetoricians. The speaker variable is extremely important. There Will be no speech if the speaker is not present. Depending on the profile of the audience, the Speaker adjusts his speech. Age, gender, background, culture, race, religion, gender, social and economic status, and Political orientation or inclination are some audience demographics to consider. Beliefs, views, And attitudes also play an important role when talking about audience consideration since Oftentimes, and the audience brings these with them when they decode a message in any given Situation. 2. LASWELL'S COMMUNICATION MODEL In 1948, Harold Dwight Laswell defined communication as centered on the following Ws: Who says What to Whom, Through Which Channel, and With What Effect. The entire Communication process begins with the communicator (who) sending a message (what) through A medium (which channel) for a recipient (to whom) to experience an effect (with what effect) Afterward. The process can be examined through the content sent, the medium used, and the effect On the message's recipient. This model is similar to Aristotle's in that both are linear and contain The same components, Laswell's also differs in that there is five variable involved, with the Addition of two: medium and effect. 3. SHANNON-WEAVER'S COMMUNICATION MODEL Other components such as noise, reception, destination, and feedback have been Identified in this model. New terms were introduced, such as information source for the sender, Transmitter for the encoder, decoder (reception), and receiver (destination). 4. BERLO'S COMMUNICATION MODEL David Berlo's model, developed in 1960, is most likely the most well-known of the Communication models. Initially, Berlo's model was called SMCR, which stands for SENDER of the MESSAGE, sent through a CHANNEL or medium to a RECEIVER. However, it was modified later on To include noise, hence the acronym SMCRN. The major variables involved in the communication process are the source, message, Channel, and receiver. As source being the originator of the message, acts as the encoder. As such, the encoder should practice communication skills such as listening, speaking, Reading, and writing. His attitude towards the audience or the subject, as well as his knowledge About the topic on hand, likewise counts along with the social system that he is in, which includes Values, beliefs and practices, and culture. The second variable, which is the Messages consist of (1) content; (2) elements such as Language and gestures; (3) treatment or the manner in which the message is transmitted; and (4) Structure, which refers to the arrangement of parts or the flow of the message. The code shows How the message is sent: that is, the language (verbal code) used and the accompanying gestures (nonverbal code) is used. Keep in mind that there should be no discrepancy between the verbal And nonverbal codes. The third variable, which is channel refers to the different senses: seeing, hearing, Smelling, tasting, and touching. Finally, the fourth variable is the receiver, the one who decodes the message. Note that The components of this last variable are similar to the first because both the source and the Receiver must be present for communication to be effective and must have good communication Skills. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 1. Know your purpose in communicating. 2. Understand your target audience. 3. Understand your subject. 4. Adjust your speech or writing to fit the situation. 5. Work on the suggestions made to you. PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION Be clear with your purpose. Be complete with the message you deliver. Be concise. Be natural with your delivery. Be specific and timely with your feedback. PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE WRITTEN COMMUNICATION: THE 7 C'S Be clear. Be concise. Be concrete. Be correct. Be coherent. Be complete. Be courteous. COMMUNICATION ETHICS Communication ethics emphasizes the role of morals in influencing the behavior of an Individual group or organization, thereby influencing communication. It is critical to remember That honesty, decency, truthfulness, sincerity, and moral uprightness should govern one's Behavior. Be guided by the following to achieve ethical communication: Establish an effective value system that will pave the way for the development of your integrity as a person. Provide complete and accurate information. Disclose vital information adequately and appropriately. What can communication ethics do? Adhering to a code of ethics is critical because it distinguishes between proper and Desirable behavior and that which is displeasing and offensive. A code of ethics establishes the Standards to be followed by an individual or a company in order to build a good reputation or a Positive image not only for the individual but also for the organization. LESSON 4 Modes of communication 2\. Video - In this mode, web cameras are used so that two or more people who cannot interact face-to-Face can communicate. A very effective mode, especially for people separated by distance. You Can clearly hear your beloved's voice and see his or her face up close. Video conferencing can also be used in more formal settings. The disadvantage is the time Zone difference between countries from where the people you're conversing with live. 3\. Audio - means transmitted sound. Examples of these are telephone, answering machine, Online, voice message or mail, etc. Only the speaker's voice can be heard. The obvious downside Is not being able to see the body language or cues of the person you are talking to T's especially difficult when you're listening to people with different accents. For example, Some Filipinos are not able to distinguish the sound of /I/ and /i/ in English words, as in the Examples of sin and seen. Some people cannot produce the sounds of hard and soft /th/ and Must instead use /d/, as in the examples THOSE and DOZE and THING and TING. Some also Interchange /v/ with /b/ and /f/ with /p/. 3. Text-based - examples of this are e-mail, facsimile, text messaging, instant messaging, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc. It does not originally provide video and audio benefits. It has a larger Reach and can quickly disseminate information to a larger audience. Communication and Technology PINOYS ARE TOP SOCIAL MEDIA USERS, ACCORDING TO A STUDY (by Miguel R. Camus, 2017)Filipinos spend more time than anyone else on social media sites, averaging four hours And 17 minutes per day. Filipinos spend the majority of their online time on social media. Platforms such as Facebook, Snapchat, and Twitter. Brazilians and Argentinians followed closely behind, spending three hours and 43 minutes And three hours and 32 minutes on social media. The United States, where many of these social Media players were founded, is among the bottom half, with Americans spending an average of Just two hours and six seconds per day. The least active were the Japanese, who log on an average Of just 40 minutes daily. Ramon Isberto, PLDT and Smart spokesperson: "It's most likely due to the same cultural Dynamics that have made us the world's text messaging capital...Filipinos like to keep in touch." The Philippines\' use of social media contrasted sharply with its internet speed. Fixed Broadband speeds in Asia Pacific are among the slowest, while mobile connections are among The fastest. A link appeared to exist between slow fixed-broadband speeds and time spent on Social media. - The Philippines, Brazil, and Argentina have average fixed-line broadband speeds of 4.2, 5.5, and 5 megabits per second, respectively. South Korea had the fastest connection, with 26.3 Mbps, and its citizens spend only about 1 hour and 11 minutes per day on social media. Internet and social media users in the Philippines increased by more than 25%, increasing By 13 million and 12 million, respectively, over the previous year. Mobile was also a rapidly Growing platform, accounting for 38% of all Web traffic in the country, an increase of nearly a Third from 2016. The Philippines, so far, has had a social media penetration rate of 58%, higher than the Average of 47% in Southeast Asia. Global internet users increased by 10%, or 354 million people, while active social media Users increased by 21%, or 482 million people. The number of global active netizens using mobile Phones and other devices increased by 30%, or by 581 million people. The overall internet Penetration rate was 50% or 3.77 billion people.Simon Kemp, consultant at We Are Social: "Half of the world's population is now online, Demonstrating how quickly digital connectivity is improving people's lives. The increase in Internet users in developing economies is particularly encouraging."