Pubh 4103 Module 4 PDF

PUBH 4103 Module 4 Infection Control Programs Acute care Other facilities should have protocols too Day cares, schools, rehab facilities Prevention of nosocomial infections Members can include people who are knowledgeable about epidemiology and statistics, microbiology, infectious...

PUBH 4103 Module 4 Infection Control Programs Acute care Other facilities should have protocols too Day cares, schools, rehab facilities Prevention of nosocomial infections Members can include people who are knowledgeable about epidemiology and statistics, microbiology, infectious diseases, sanitation, occupational health expert etc. Function is to interrupt further transmission Infection Control Program Sterilization, disinfection, sanitation Patient care practices Education Communication skills Infection Control Committee Develop surveillance program Organize system and develop procedures Assign responsibility Train staff and inform agency personnel Assemble materials Investigate outbreaks Receive and act on notification Take steps to verify diagnosis (case histories, samples) Develop case definition Make epidemiological associations Analyze data Infection Control Committee Treat patients May involve isolation or exclusion Take appropriate measures to break chain of infection Disinfection of surfaces, hand washing Report, review and evaluate  Infection Control programs 1. Surveillance (monitoring) - collection, tabulation, analysis and reporting of nosocomial infections in patients and personnel Investigation and control of nosocomial infections Notification thresholds have been developed to assist facilities in determining the likelihood of an outbreak (of CDI) Although an outbreak may not be declared, a facility with a rate that significantly exceeds their annual baseline rate for a period of two consecutive months requires action. Through the evaluation of surveillance records, historical levels, discharge and admissions data, number of new nosocomial cases and location of current cases, decisions on the declaration of an outbreak can be made. Infection Control programs 2. Establish written policies and procedures for the IC manual 3. Education of staff 4. Consultation with other departments and committees -product evaluation (hand wash soaps, disinfectants) -architectural plan review (hand basin locations) -antibiotic usage review Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) AKA nosocomial Patient contracts or acquires in a healthcare setting (hospital, LTCF, rehab etc.) Infection was not present nor developing at the time the individual was admitted Swabs/tests to determine MRSA, VRE, C. difficile, Surgical site infections etc. Populations vary depending on the type of setting Please read the documents on Moodle under Module 4 Antibiotic Resistance Antibiotics are usually used to fight off bacterial infections, but bacteria are smart and adapt! New superbug gene that makes bacteria resistant to the last-resort antibiotic, colistin (in china they used it in in livestock, in Canada – polymyxin B) MCR-1 gene (located on free-floating pieces of DNA, which bacteria share) In China, there were 260 samples of E. coli with the MCR-1 gene on meat, hospital patients and farm animals MRSA Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus Commonly found on healthy people (20-30%) Those that are resistant to the antibiotic are known as MRSA Skin-to-skin (open wounds), contact with contaminated items Weakened immune system/chronic illness Spreads easily to healthcare settings MRSA… Rarely can lead to life threatening illness or death (skin), treated with antibiotic To prevent Wash hands using soap and water or hand sanitizer Keeps cuts and sores covered until healed Avoid unprotected contact with other’s wounds No sharing of personal items such as towels or razors Isolation Procedures 2% of all patients require isolation most in pediatric services purpose - to interrupt transmission of disease agent (break chain of infection) person in isolation has the agent quarantine - observation of person who may have an agent  Isolation Procedures 1. Strict isolation highly contagious or virulent infection, difficult to treat (Ebola virus, MRSA) may be spread through the air (usually droplet) or direct contact Precautions: private room, closed door - anyone entering or leaving must wash hands 2 min. with bactericidal soap (usually sink in room information on door regarding precautions barriers - gloves, mask, gown required to enter anything touched by patient sent for disinfection or sterilization linen marked isolation Isolation Procedures 2. Contact isolation infections spread by direct contact (herpes simplex infection, other wound or skin infections) Precautions: private room, closed door hand wash as above barriers - gloves by personnel with direct contact linen marked isolation Isolation Procedures 3. Respiratory isolation infections spread by airborne transmission aerosolization (measles, mumps) Precautions private room, closed door hand wash masks worn by susceptible individuals no linen precautions Isolation Procedures 4. Airborne infection isolation (AII) refers to the isolation of patients infected with organisms spread via airborne droplet nuclei