PT 22003 Basic Counselling Skills: Multicultural PDF

PT 22003 BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS TITLE: MULTICULTURAL AZAHAR CHE LATIFF Lecturer Faculty of Psychology & Social Work, UMS  How Can These Help You And Your Clients? Major Objectives – Emphasizes that effective interviews/co...

PT 22003 BASIC COUNSELLING SKILLS TITLE: MULTICULTURAL AZAHAR CHE LATIFF Lecturer Faculty of Psychology & Social Work, UMS  How Can These Help You And Your Clients? Major Objectives – Emphasizes that effective interviews/counselling session build on the professional ethics and multicultural sensitivity. It is designed to provide specifics for action in the interview/session. Specific Objectives – Understanding of key ethical principles in interviewing, counseling, and psychotherapy. – Ability to apply these ethical principles in developing your own informed consent form. – Understanding a broad definition of multicultural competence that encourages awareness of multiple cultural identities. – Examination of your own multiple cultural identities. – Understanding the distinctions between self and self-in-relation and the importance the client in relation to the environmental context. ETHICS IN THE HELPING PROCESS Ethics: Observe and practice Predicted Result: Client trust and ethically and follow professional understanding of the standards. Particularly important interviewing/session process will issues for beginning increase. The client will feel interviewers/counsellor are empowered in a more egalitarian competence, informed consent, session. When you work toward confidentiality, power, and social social justice, you contribute to justice. problem prevention in addition to healing work in the interview/session. Ethics In Helping Process The codes promote professional empowerment by assisting professionals and professionals-in- training to; a) Keep good practice. b) Protect their clients. Example Illegal & Legal. c) Safeguard their autonomy. d) Enhance the profession. Ethics in the Helping Process Competence. Informed Consent. Confidentiality. Power (Role of Counsellor and Client) Social Justice and Advocacy (Legal).  Competence The American Counseling Association’s (2005) statement on competence brings diversity and professional competence together. C.2.a. Boundaries of Competence. Counselors practice only within the boundaries of their competence, based on their education, training, supervised experience, state and national professional credentials, and appropriate professional experience. Counselors will demonstrate a commitment to gain knowledge, personal awareness, sensitivity, and skills pertinent to working with a diverse client population.  Informed Consent The counselor/interviewer inform the clients their right, goal, procedures, benefits and risks of the counseling process and the client agrees to what has been outlined. Informed Consent Form Box 2-2 presents a Sample Practice Contract you can use or adapt for use for the purposes of your own practice exercises. Use the sample as an ethical starting point and eventually develop your own approach to this critical issue.  Confidentiality Trust is build on your ability to keep confidences. The American Counseling Association’s Ethical Code (2005) states: Section B: Introduction. Counselors recognize that trust is the cornerstone of the counseling relationship. Counselors aspire to earn the trust of clients by creating an ongoing partnership, establishing and upholding appropriate boundaries, and maintaining confidentiality. Counselors communicate the parameters of confidentiality in a culturally competent manner.  Power The National Organization for Human Service education (2000) comments on an important ethical issue that often receives insufficient attention: Statement 6: Human service professionals are aware that in their relationships with clients power and status are unequal. Therefore, they recognize that dual or multiple relationships may increase the risk of harm to, or exploitation of clients, an may impair professional judgement….  Social Justice The National Association of Social Workers (1999) suggests that action beyond the interview/counselling session is needed and includes a major statement on social justice. Ethical Principle :Social workers challenge social injustice. Social workers pursue social change, particularly with and on behalf of vulnerable and oppressed individuals and groups of people. Social workers’ social change efforts are focused primarily on issues of poverty, unemployment, discrimination, and other forms of social injustice. These activities seek to promote sensitivity to and knowledge about oppression and cultural and ethnic diversity. Social workers strive to ensure access to needed information, services, and resources; equality of opportunity; and meaningful participation in decision making for all people.  Diversity and Multicultural Competence Diversity and multiculturalism have become central to helping professions throughout the world. We interact professionally with many persons who come from cultural backgrounds different than ours. Ensure minorities receive mental health care tailored to their needs. Discuss obvious multicultural differences early in the session. Use common sense and skilled judgment.  The American Counseling Association (2005) focuses the Preamble to their Code of Ethics on diversity as a central ethical issues. The Ethical Standards of Human Service Professionals (National Organization of Human service Professionals, 2000) include the following three assertions: – Statement 17 : Human service professionals provide services without discrimination or preference based on age, ethnicity, culture, race, disability, gender, religion, sexual orientation or socioeconomic status. – Statement 18: Human service professionals are knowledgeable about the cultures and communities within which they practice. They are aware of multiculturalism in society and its impact on the community as well as individuals within the community. They respect individuals and groups, their cultures and beliefs. – Statement 19: Human service professionals are aware of their own cultural backgrounds, beliefs, and values, recognizing the potential for impact and their relationships with others. Major question is can you do it for the benefit of your clients? – Can you work for the benefit of clients who are culturally different from you? – Are you able to provide competent counseling for men? Women? A person who is of a different race or ethnic group from you? – How effective are you with heterosexuals, lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgendered, Intersexed and questioning?  Multicultural Practice The American Psychological Association Multicultural Guidelines begin with statement : “All individuals exist in social, political, historical, and economic contexts and psychologists are increasingly called upon to understand the influences of these contexts on individuals’ behavior  Guideline for Multicultural Practice 1. Awareness of your own assumptions, values, and biases (Internal Counselor) – Need to understand your own cultural background and the differences that may exist between you and people from different cultures. – The counselor/interviewer task is to improve awareness, knowledge, and skills about who he/she is if he/she is to work with clients different background. 2. Understanding the worldview of the culturally different client (Internal/External Client) – For interviewing/counselling purposes, worldview is the way clients see themselves and the world around them. – Due to varying multicultural backgrounds, each client views the world differently. – The multicultural competences stress the importance of our being aware of negative emotional reactions we may have to groups different from us. 3. Develop skills in understanding various worldviews through academic study, reading, involved in the community – community events, social and political functions, celebrations and festivals. (Based on Skills) 4. Developing appropriate intervention strategies and techniques – The multicultural movement in counseling grew out of the dissatisfaction of minorities, women, people with disabilities and groups who felt that traditional counseling and therapy not working effectively for them. – Cultural intentionally – the ability to engage in many and varied verbal and nonverbal helping responses is a basic skill for multicultural work (Based on Theory)  Multicultural Practice Multicultural Competence: Base Predicted Result: Anticipate that interviewer/counsellor both you and your clients will behavior on an ethical appreciate, gain respect, and approach with an awareness learn from increasing of the many issues of knowledge in ethics and diversity. Include the multiple multicultural competence. dimensions described in this You, the interviewer, will chapter. have a solid foundation for a lifetime of personal and professional growth.  Multicultural Practice Dimension 1: Be aware of your own assumptions, values, and biases (Counselor Factor). Dimension 2: Understand the worldview of the culturally different client (Client Factor). Dimension 3: Develop appropriate strategies and techniques (Skill & Theory Factor). RESPECTFUL Model Multicultural Review Issues, D’Andrea & Daniels, 2001 R Religion/spirituality E Economic/class background S Sexual identity P Personal style E Ethnic/racial identity C Chronological/lifespan challenges T Trauma F Family background U Unique physical characteristics L Location of residence/language Developing Appropriate Intervention Strategies and Techniques Expand skills in traditional strategies and newer methods (Integrative Therapy). Use traditional theory in a more culturally respectful manner (Theory vs Culture) Build awareness of cultural bias in testing instruments and assessment processes. Adapt present methods to be more culturally sensitive (post modern approach) Engage in varied helping responses to support multicultural clients (Practice more in multicultural).  The Five Stages of The Well-Formed Interview 1)Initiating The session – Rapport And Structuring - To build a working alliance with the client & to enable the client to feel comfortable with the interviewer. - Structuring may be needed to explain the purpose of the interview. - informed consent – Skills ; – Attending behavior – establish contact with the client. – Observation skills – determine appropriate method to build rapport 2) Gathering Data – Drawing Out Stories, Concerns, Problems Or Issues. - To find out why the client has come to the interview and listen to the story. - Skillful problem definition will help avoid aimless topic jumping and give the interview purpose and direction. - It also helps to identify clearly positive strengths of the client. – Commonly used skills; – Attending behavior skills especially listening. – Influencing skill - Structuring 3) Mutual Goal Setting – To find out the ideal world of the client. – How would the client like to be? How would things be if the problem were solved? – This stage is important in that it enables the interviewer to know what the client wants. – The desired direction of the client and counselor should be reasonably harmonious. – Commonly used skills; – Attending skills – Listening – Influencing skills 4) Working- Exploring Alternatives, Confronting Clients Incongruities And Conflict, Restoring – To work toward resolution of the client’s issue. – This may involve the creative problem-solving model of generating alternatives and deciding among those alternatives. – It also may involve lengthy exploration of personal dynamics. – This stage of the interview may be the longest. – Commonly used skills May begin with summary of major discrepancies. Depending on the issue and theory of the interviewer, more influencing skills 5) Terminating- Generalizing And Acting On New Stories (Will You Do It?) – To facilitate changes in thoughts, feelings and behaviors in the client’s daily life. – Many clients go through an interview and then do nothing to change their behavior, remaining the same as when they came in. – Commonly used skills; – Influencing skills such as directives and information/explanation are particularly important – Attending skills used to check out client’s understanding of importance of generalizing interview learning to daily life.  Conclusion Major Objective Specific objective Ethics in helping profession Diversity and multicultural Multicultural practice – Guideline for multicultural practices The Five stage of the well formed interview  Thank You