Psychology Final Exam Preparation PDF

**Chapter 6 - Learning** **CLASSICAL CONDITIONING** **Elicits a Response** from an organism ("Pulled out") Behaviour is a function of stimuli that **precede the behaviour** Behaviour depends primarily on **automatic nervous system** **Neutral Stimulus** -Initially Neutral: Metronome **(midter...

**Chapter 6 - Learning** **CLASSICAL CONDITIONING** **Elicits a Response** from an organism ("Pulled out") Behaviour is a function of stimuli that **precede the behaviour** Behaviour depends primarily on **automatic nervous system** **Neutral Stimulus** -Initially Neutral: Metronome **(midterm 2: turning on the light)** **Unconditioned Stimulus** -Stimulus that elicits an automatic and reflexive response: Salivating **(midterm 2: fish food)** **Unconditioned Response** -automatic reflexive response that the unconditioned stimulus elicits: salivating **(midterm 2: swimming to the surface)** **Conditioned Response** -a response previously associated with a non-neutral stimulus that comes to be elicited by a neutral stimulus: Introducing only the metronome without the meat powder causes salvation **(midterm 2: swimming to the surface)** **Conditioned Stimulus** -previously neutral stimulus that elicits a response: the metronome is the conditioned stimulus **(midterm 2: turning on the light is the conditioned stimulus as it causes the fish to automatically swim to the surface to get the fish food)** **OPERANT CONDITIONING** **Emitted voluntarily** Behaviour is a function of **consequences that follow that behaviour** Behaviour depends primarily on **skeletal muscles** **Learning controlled by the consequences of the organism's behaviour** +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **REINFORCE | | | | | | MENT | | | | | | & | | | | | | PUNISHMENT* | | | | | | * | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | Positive | Negative | Positive | Negative | **LATENT | | Reinforceme | Reinforceme | Punishment | Punishment | LEARNING** | | nt | nt | | | | | | | -Presenting | -Removing a | -learning | | -Presenting | -Removing a | a stimulus | stimulus | that isn't | | a stimulus | stimulus | | | directly | | | | -Decreases | -Decreases | observable. | | -Increases | -Increases | target | target | | | target | target | behaviour | behaviour | **COGNITIVE | | behaviour | behaviour | | | MAPS** | | | | \*scolding | \*confiscat | | | \*giving a | \*static on | a pet | ing | -spatial | | gold star | phone | owner, | a favourite | representat | | on homework | subsides | reducing a | toy, | ions; | | resulting | when you | dog's habit | stopping a | mental | | in a | stand in a | of chewing | child from | representat | | student | specific | on shoes | throwing | ions | | studying | spot in | | tantrums | of how a | | more | your room, | | | physical | | | causing you | | | space is | | | to stand | | | organized | | | there more | | | | | | often | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **OBSERVATI | **PREPAREDN | | | | | ONAL | ESS** | | | | | LEARNING** | | | | | | | -were | | | | | **-**learni | evolutionar | | | | | ng | ily | | | | | by watching | predisposed | | | | | others | to fear | | | | | | certain | | | | | **MIRROR | stimuli | | | | | NEURONS** | more than | | | | | | others | | | | | -cell in | | | | | | the | **INSTINCTI | | | | | prefrontal | VE | | | | | cortex that | DRIFT** | | | | | becomes | | | | | | active by | -tendency | | | | | specific | to return | | | | | motions | to an | | | | | when an | evolutionar | | | | | animal both | ily | | | | | performs | selected | | | | | and | behaviour | | | | | observes | | | | | | that action | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **SCHEDULES | | | | | | OF | | | | | | REINFORCEME | | | | | | NT** | | | | | | | | | | | | Pattern of | | | | | | delivering | | | | | | reinforceme | | | | | | nt | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **CONTINUOU | **PARTIAL | **FIXED | **VARIABLE | **FIXED | | S | REINFORCEME | RATIO | RATIO | INTERVAL | | REINFORCEME | NT** | SCHEDULE | SCHEDULE | SCHEDULE | | NT** | | (FR)** | (VR)** | (FI)** | | | -reinforce | | | | | -reinforce | responses | -reinforcem | -reinforcem | -reinforcem | | a behaviour | only some | ent | ent | ent | | every time | of the time | is provided | is provided | is provided | | it occurs | | after a | after a | for | | | | regular | specific | producing | | | | number of | number of | the | | | | responses | responses | responses | | | | | on average, | at least | | | | example: | but the | once after | | | | give a rat | precise | a specified | | | | a pellet | number of | amount of | | | | after it | responses | time has | | | | presses the | required | passed | | | | lever in a | during any | | | | | skinner box | given | example: a | | | | 15 times | period | worker in a | | | | | varies | factory | | | | | randomly | might get | | | | | | paid every | | | | | example: a | Friday for | | | | | pigeon | the work | | | | | might | they've | | | | | receive | done, as | | | | | bird feed | long as | | | | | after 6 | they've | | | | | pecks, then | generated | | | | | after 12 | at least | | | | | pecks, then | one product | | | | | after 1 | during that | | | | | peck, then | week | | | | | after 21 | interval. | | | | | pecks; with | | | | | | the average | | | | | | ratios | | | | | | being 10 | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **VARIABLE | | | | | | INTERVAL | | | | | | SCHEDULE | | | | | | (VI)** | | | | | | | | | | | | -reinforcem | | | | | | ent | | | | | | is provided | | | | | | for | | | | | | producing | | | | | | the | | | | | | response | | | | | | after an | | | | | | average | | | | | | time | | | | | | interval, | | | | | | with the | | | | | | actual | | | | | | interval | | | | | | varying | | | | | | randomly. | | | | | | | | | | | | Example: | | | | | | give a dog | | | | | | a treat for | | | | | | performing | | | | | | a trick on | | | | | | VI with an | | | | | | average | | | | | | interval of | | | | | | 8 minutes. | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Chapter 5 | | | | | | - | | | | | | Consciousne | | | | | | ss** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **CIRCADIAN | **BIOLOGICA | **STAGE 1 | **STAGE 2 | **STAGE 3 & | | RHYTHYM** | L | SLEEP** | SLEEP** | 4 SLEEP** | | | CLOCK** | | | | | -changes | | -brain | -k | -delta | | that occur | -20,000 | activity | complexes | waves "slow | | on a | neurons | powers down | "occasional | wave sleep" | | roughly | located in | by 50 | sharply | | | 24-hour | the | percent or | rising and | -deep sleep | | basis in | suprachiasm | more | falling | | | many of our | atic | | waves" | -alcohol | | biological | nucleus | -produces | | depresses | | processes; | (SCN) in | theta waves | -sleep | deep sleep | | this | the | | spindles | | | includes | hypothalamu | -myoclonic | "Sudden | -children | | brain | s | jerks | intense | spend 40% | | waves, body | that make | | bursts of | of their | | temperature | us feel | -hypnagogic | electrical | time in | | and | drowsy at | imagery | activity" | deep sleep | | drowsiness | different | "scrambled | | | | | times of | and | -65 percent | | | -melatonin | the day | bizzare" | of our | | | plays a key | | | sleep is | | | role in | -when your | -alpha | experienced | | | regulating | biological | waves and | in stage 2 | | | circadian | clock is | beta waves | | | | rhythms | disrupted | | | | | | such as | | | | | -adults | late work | | | | | need 7-10 | shifts or | | | | | hours of | jet lag, it | | | | | sleep | disturbs | | | | | | sleep and | | | | | -infants | increases | | | | | need 16 | the | | | | | hours of | likelihood | | | | | sleep | of heart | | | | | | diseases | | | | | | and | | | | | | accidents | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **STAGE 5 | **ACTIVATIO | **NEUROCOGN | **HALLUCINA | **HYPNOSIS* | | SLEEP** | N-SYNTHESIS | ITIVE | TIONS** | * | | | THEORY** | THEORY** | | | | -after 3 & | | | -the visual | -interperso | | 4 sleep we | -dreams | -dreams | cortex | nal | | return to | reflect | reflect | becomes | situation | | stage 2 | brain | random | active, | in which a | | before our | activation | neural | just as it | person in | | brains kick | in sleep, | impulses | does when | the role of | | into high | rather than | activated | you see a | hypnotists | | gear | a repressed | by the | real object | administers | | | unconscious | brain stem | | imaginative | | -REM Sleep | wish | | -hallucinat | suggestions | | | | -dream | ions | to produce | | -REM | -an | continuity | are common | changes in | | rebound | alternative | hypothesis: | | consciousne | | | to | dreams | | ss | | | activation- | mirror our | | in a person | | | synthesis | life | | designated | | | theory is | circumstanc | | as the | | | the role of | es | | patient or | | | the | | | experimenta | | | forebrain | | | l | | | in | | | participant | | | dreaming; | | |. | | | damage to | | | | | | the | | | | | | forebrain | | | | | | can | | | | | | eliminate | | | | | | dreaming | | | | | | entirely | | | | | | | | | | | | -unscramble | | | | | | s | | | | | | messages | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **PAST LIFE | **SOCIOCOGN | **DISSOCIAT | **NARCOTICS | **HALLUCINO | | REGRESSION | ITIVE | ION | ** | GENIC** | | THERAPY** | THEORY** | THEORY** | | | | | | | -relieve | -drug that | | -hypnotize | -people's | -approach | pain and | causes | | and | attitudes, | to | induce | dramatic | | age-regress | beliefs, | explaining | sleep | alterations | | patients to | motivations | hypnosis | | of | | go back to | and | based on a | | perceptions | | the source | expectation | separation | | of | | of their | s | between | | perception, | | present day | about | personality | | mood and | | psychologic | hypnosis, | functions | | thought | | al | as well as | that are | | | | and | their | normally | | | | physical | ability to | well | | | | problems. | respond to | integrated | | | | | waking | | | | | | imaginative | | | | | | suggestions | | | | | | , | | | | | | shape their | | | | | | responses | | | | | | to hypnosis | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **CHAPTER 2 | | | | | | -- | | | | | | DEFINITIONS | | | | | | ** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **EXTERNAL | **INTERNAL | **WITHIN-SU | **OPERATION | **EXISTENCE | | VALIDITY** | VALIDITY** | BJECT | AL | PROOFS** | | | | DESIGN** | DEFINITION* | | | -extent to | -extent to | | * | -demonstrat | | which we | which we | -in an | | ion | | can | can draw | experiment, | -a working | that a | | generalize | cause and | each | definition | given | | findings | effect | participant | of what a | psychologic | | into real | inferences | acts as | researcher | al | | world | from a | their own | is | phenomenon | | settings | study | control | measuring | can occur | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **HEURISTIC | **DEPENDENT | **BASE | **RELIABILI | **RANDOM | | ** | VARIABLE** | RATE** | TY** | SELECTION** | | | | | | | | -mental | **-**variab | -how common | -consistenc | -procedure | | shortcut or | le | a | y | that | | rule of | that an | characteris | of | ensures | | thumb that | experimente | tic | measurement | every | | helps us | r | or | | person in a | | streamline | measures to | behaviour | | population | | our | see whether | is in the | | has an | | thinking | the | general | | equal | | and make | manipulatio | population | | chance of | | sense of | n | | | being | | our world | has had an | | | chosen to | | | effect | | | participate | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **DEMAND | **META-ANAL | **RANDOM | **BETWEEN-S | **EXPERIMEN | | CHARACTERIS | YSIS** | ASSIGNMENT* | UBJECTS | TAL | | TICS** | | * | DESIGN** | GROUP** | | | -statistica | | | | | -cues that | l | -randomly | -in an | -in an | | participant | method that | sorting | experiment, | experiment, | | s | helps | participant | researches | the group | | pick up | researches | s | assign | of | | from a | interpret | into groups | different | participant | | study that | large | | groups to | s | | allow them | bodies of | | the control | that | | to generate | psychologic | | or | receives | | guesses | al | | experimenta | the | | regarding | literature | | l | manipulatio | | the | | | condition | n | | researcher' | | | | | | s | | | | | | hypothesis | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **CASE | **INDEPENDE | **CONTROL | **EXPERIMEN | **RESPONSE | | STUDY** | NT | GROUP** | TER | SETS** | | | VARIABLE** | | EXPECTANCY | | | -research | | -in an | EFFECT** | -tendency | | design that | -variable | experiment, | | of research | | examines | that an | the group | -phenomenon | participant | | one person | experimente | of the | in which | s | | or a small | r | participant | researches | to distort | | number of | manipulates | s | hypotheses | their | | people in | | that | lead them | responses | | depth, over | | doesn't | to | to | | an extended | | receive the | unintention | questionnai | | period of | | manipulatio | ally | re | | time | | n | bias the | items | | | | | outcome of | | | | | \- | a study | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **CORRELATI | **EXPERIMEN | **ILLUSORY | **PLACEBO | **PREFRONTA | | ONAL | T** | CORRELATION | EFFECT** | L | | DESIGN** | | ** | | LOBOTOMY** | | | -research | | -improvemen | | | -research | design | -perception | t | -surgical | | design that | characteriz | of a | resulting | procedure | | examines | ed | statistical | from the | that severs | | the extent | by random | association | mere | fibres | | to which | assignment | between two | expectation | connecting | | two | of | variables | of | the frontal | | variables | participant | where none | improvement | lobes of | | are | s | exists | | the brain | | associated | to | | | from the | | | conditions | | | underlying | | | and | | | thalamus | | | manipulatio | | | | | | n | | | | | | of an | | | | | | independent | | | | | | variable | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **NATURALIS | **VALIDITY* | | | | | TIC | * | | | | | OBSERVATION | | | | | | ** | -extent to | | | | | | which a | | | | | -watching | measure | | | | | behaviour | assesses | | | | | in | what it | | | | | real-world | purports to | | | | | settings | measure | | | | | without | | | | | | trying to | | | | | | manipulate | | | | | | the | | | | | | situation | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **CHAPTER 3 | | | | | | -- | | | | | | DEFINITIONS | | | | | | ** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **PHENOTYPE | **BRAIN | **ASSOCIATI | **FOREBRAIN | **HYPOTHALA | | ** | STEM** | ON | ** | MUS** | | | | CORTEX** | | | | -our | -part of | | -(cerebrum) | -part of | | observable | the brain | -regions of | top part of | the brain | | traits | between the | the | the brain | responsible | | | spinal cord | cerebral | that allows | for | | | and | cortex that | advanced | maintaining | | | cerebral | integrate | intellectua | a constant | | | cortex, | simpler | l | internal | | | that | functions | abilities | state | | | contains | to perform | | | | | the | more | | | | | midbrain, | complex | | | | | pons, and | functions | | | | | medulla | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **AMYGDALA* | **BASAL | **ACTION | **BROCA'S | **FRONTAL | | * | GANGLIA** | POTENTIAL** | AREA** | LOBE** | | | | | | | | -part of | -structures | -electrical | -language | -forward | | the limbic | in the | impulse | area in the | part of the | | system that | forebrain | that | prefrontal | cerebral | | modulates | that help | travels | cortex that | cortex | | attention, | to control | down the | helps to | responsible | | perception, | movement | axon | control | for motor | | and memory | | triggering | speech | function, | | based on | | the release | production | language, | | our | | of | | decision | | emotions | | neurotransm | | making and | | | | itters | | planning | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **CEREBRAL | **REFLEX** | **HINDBRAIN | **CEREBELLU | **INTERNEUR | | CORTEX** | | ** | M** | ON** | | | -an | | | | | -outermost | automatic | -region | -brain | -neuron | | part of the | motor | below the | structure | that sends | | brain | response to | midbrain | responsible | messages to | | responsible | a sensory | that | for our | other neaby | | for | stimulus | contains | sense of | neurons | | analyzing | | the | balance | | | sensory | | cerebellum, | | | | information | | pons and | | | | and higher | | medulla | | | | brain | | | | | | functions | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **DEEP | **HORMONE** | **CENTRAL | **DENDRITE* | **SYNAPTIC | | BRAIN | | NERVOUS | * | CLEFT** | | STIMULATION | -chemical | SYSTEM** | | | | ** | released | | -part of | -a gap into | | | into the | -part of | the neuron | which | | -technique | bloodstream | the nervous | that | neurotransm | | in which | that | system | receives | itters | | electrodes | influences | containing | signals | are | | and a | particular | the brain | | released | | battery | organs and | and spinal | | from the | | source are | glands | cord that | | axon | | implanted | | controls | | terminal | | in the | | the mind | | | | brain to | | and | | | | deliver | | behaviour | | | | electricity | | | | | | to specific | | | | | | brain areas | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **HERITABIL | **AUTONOMIC | **TWIN | **SOMATIC | **NEUROGENE | | ITY** | NERVOUS | STUDY** | NERVOUS | SIS** | | | SYSTEM** | | SYSTEM** | | | -percentage | | -analysis | | -creation | | of the | -part of | of how | -part of | of new | | variability | the nervous | traits | the nervous | neurons in | | in a trait | system | differ in | system that | the adult | | across | controlling | monozygotic | conveys | brain | | individuals | the | v dizygotic | information | | | that is the | involuntary | twins | between the | | | result of | actions of | | central | | | genes | our | | nervous | | | | internal | | system and | | | | organs and | | the body; | | | | glands; | | controlling | | | | along the | | coordinatin | | | | limbic | | g | | | | system; | | voluntary | | | | participate | | movement | | | | s | | | | | | emotion | | | | | | regulation | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **TEMPORAL | **PARASYMPA | **GENOTYPE* | **RESTING | **SYNAPSE** | | LOBE** | THETIC | * | POTENTIAL** | | | | NERVOUS | | | -space | | -lower part | SYSTEM** | -our | -electrical | between two | | of the | | genetic | charge | connecting | | cerebral | -division | makeup | difference | neurons | | cortex that | of the | | (-60 | through | | plays roles | autonomic | | millivolts) | which | | in hearing, | nervous | | across the | messages | | understandi | system that | | neuronal | are | | ng | controls | | membrane | transmitted | | language | rest and | | when the | chemically | | and memory | digestion | | neuron is | | | | | | not being | | | | | | stimulated | | | | | | or | | | | | | inhibited | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **GLIAL | **PONS** | **PLASTICIT | **LIMBIC | **FITNESS** | | CELL** | | Y** | SYSTEM** | | | | -part of | | | -organisms' | | -cell in | the brain | -ability of | -a network | capacity to | | the nervous | stem that | the nervous | of regions | pass on | | system that | connects | system to | involved in | their genes | | plays a | the cortex | change | emotion, | | | role in the | with the | | motivation, | | | formation | cerebellum | | learning | | | of myelin | | | and memory | | | and | | | | | | blood-brain | | | | | | barrier; | | | | | | responds to | | | | | | injury, | | | | | | removes | | | | | | debris; | | | | | | facilitates | | | | | | communicati | | | | | | on | | | | | | among | | | | | | neurons and | | | | | | enhances | | | | | | learning | | | | | | and memory | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **THALAMUS* | **SPINAL | **CEREBRAL | **CORPUS | **STEM | | * | CORD** | HEMISPHERES | CALLOSUM** | CELL** | | | | ** | | | | -gateway | -thick | | -large band | -a cell; | | from the | bundle of | -two halves | of fibres | often | | sense | nerves that | of the | connecting | originating | | organs to | conveys | cerebral | the two | in embryos; | | the primary | signals | cortex each | cerebral | having the | | sensory | between the | of which | hemispheres | capacity to | | cortex | brain and | serves | | differentia | | | the body | distinct | | te | | | | yet highly | | into a more | | | | integrated | | specialized | | | | functions | | cell | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **WERNICKE' | **ENDOCRINE | **THRESHOLD | **RETICULAR | **OCCIPITAL | | S | SYSTEM** | OF | ACTIVATING | LOBE** | | AREA** | | EXCITATION* | SYSTEM** | | | | -system of | * | | -back part | | -part of | glands and | | -brain area | of the | | the | hormones | -membrane | that plays | cerebral | | temporal | that | potential | a key role | cortex | | lobe | controls | necessary | in arousal | specialized | | involved in | secretion | to trigger | | for vision | | understandi | of | an action | | | | ng | blood-borne | potential | | | | speech and | chemical | | | | | language | messengers | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **SYNAPTIC | **DOMINANT | **ABSOLUTE | **NEURON** | **MEDULLA** | | VESICLE** | GENE** | REFRACTORY | | | | | | PERIOD** | -nerve cell | -part of | | -spherical | -gene that | | specialized | the brain | | sac | masks other | -time | for | stem | | containing | genes' | during | communicati | involved in | | neurotransm | effects | which | on | basic | | itters | | another | | functions; | | | | potential | | such as | | | | is | | heartbeat | | | | impossible; | | and | | | | limits the | | breathing | | | | maximal | | | | | | firing rate | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **GENE** | **MIDBRAIN* | **PARIETAL | **PERIPHERA | **MOTOR | | | * | LOBE** | L | CORTEX** | | -genetic | | | NERVOUS | | | material | -part of | -upper | SYSTEM** | -part of | | composed of | the brain | middle part | | the frontal | | deoxyribonu | stem that | of the | -nerves in | lobe | | cleic | contributes | cerebral | the body | responsible | | acid (DNA) | to movement | cortex | outside of | for body | | | tracking of | lying | the central | movement | | | visual | behind the | nervous | | | | stimuli; | frontal | system | | | | and | lobe that's | | | | | reflexes | specialized | | | | | triggered | for touch | | | | | by sound | and | | | | | | perception | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **PITUITARY | **ADRENAL | **SYMPATHET | **SPLIT-BRA | **EPIGENETI | | GLAND** | GLAND** | IC | IN | CS** | | | | NERVOUS | SURGERY** | | | -master | -tissue | SYSTEM** | | -a field | | gland that | located on | | -procedure | that | | under the | top of the | -division | that | examines | | control of | kidneys | of the | involves | how | | the | that | autonomic | severing | environment | | hypothalamu | releases | nervous | the corpus | al | | s; | adrenaline | system | callosum to | influences | | directs the | and | engaged | reduce the | affect the | | other | cortisol | during a | spread of | expression | | glands of | during | crisis or | epileptic | of genes | | the body | states of | after | seizures | | | | emotional | actions | | | | | arousal | requiring | | | | | | fight or | | | | | | flight | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **RECESSIVE | **LATERALIZ | **HIPPOCAMP | **RECEPTOR | **PREFRONTA | | GENE** | ATION** | US** | SITE** | L | | | | | | CORTEX** | | -gene that | -cognitive | -part of | -location | | | is | function | the brain | that | -part of | | expressed | that relies | that plays | uniquely | the frontal | | only in the | more on one | a role in | recognizes | lobe | | absence of | side of the | spatial | a | responsible | | dominant | brain than | memory | neurotransm | for | | gene | the other | | itter | thinking; | | | | | | planning | | | | | | and | | | | | | language | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **CEREBRAL | **CHROMOSOM | **MYELIN | **ADOPTION | **REUPTAKE* | | VENTRICLES* | E** | SHEATH** | STUDY** | * | | * | | | | | | | -slender | -glial | -analysis | -means of | | -pockets in | thread | cells | of how | recycling | | the brain | inside a | wrapped | traits vary | neurotransm | | that | cell's | around | in | itters | | contain | nucleus | axons that | individuals | | | cerebrospin | that | act as | raised | | | al | carries | insulators | apart from | | | fluid which | genes | of the | their | | | provide the | | neuron's | biological | | | brain with | | signal | relatives | | | nutrients | | | | | | and cushion | | | | | | against | | | | | | injury | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **PRIMARY | **AXON** | **NEUROTRAN | | | | SENSORY | | SMITTER** | | | | CORTEX** | -portion of | | | | | | neuron that | -chemical | | | | -regions of | sends | messenger | | | | the | signals | specialized | | | | cerebral | | for | | | | cortex that | | communicati | | | | initially | | on | | | | process | | from neuron | | | | information | | to neuron | | | | from the | | | | | | senses | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **CHAPTER 4 | | | | | | -- | | | | | | DEFINITIONS | | | | | | ** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **SENSORY | **PROPRIOCE | **BINOCULAR | **RETINA** | **OPTIC | | ADAPTATION* | PTION** | DEPTH | | NERVE** | | * | | CUES** | -membrane | | | | -our sense | | at the back | -nerve that | | -process in | of body | -stimuli | of the eye | travels | | which | position | that enable | responsible | from the | | activation | | us to judge | for | retina to | | is greatest | | depth using | converting | the brain | | when a | | both eyes | light into | | | stimulus is | | | neural | | | first | | | activity | | | detected | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **PARALLEL | **PLACE | **FOVEA** | **FEATURE | **HUE** | | PROCESSING* | THEORY** | | DETECTION | | | * | | -central | CELL** | -colour of | | | -a specific | portion of | | light | | -ability to | place along | the retina | -cell that | | | attend to | the basilar | | detects | | | many sense | membrane | | lines and | | | modalities | matches a | | edges | | | simultaneou | tone with a | | | | | sly | specific | | | | | | pitch | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **CORNEA** | **MONOCULAR | **RODS** | **COLOUR | **BASILAR | | | DEPTH | | BLINDNESS** | MEMBRANE** | | -part of | CUES** | -receptor | | | | the eye | | cells in | -inability | -membrane | | containing | -stimuli | the retina | to see some | supporting | | transparent | that enable | allowing us | or all | the organ | | cells that | us to judge | to see in | colours | of corti | | focus light | depth using | low levels | | and hair | | on the | only one | of light | | cells in | | retina | eye | | | the cochlea | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **TRICHROMA | **TIMBRE** | **ACCOMODAT | **DEPTH | **SEMICIRCU | | TIC | | ION** | PERCEPTION* | LAR | | THEORY** | -complexity | | * | CANALS** | | | or quality | -changing | | | | -idea that | of sound | the shape | -ability to | -three | | colour | that makes | of the lens | judge | fluid | | vision is | musical | to focus on | distance | filled | | based on | instruments | objects | and | canals in | | our | ; | near or far | three-dimen | the inner | | sensitivity | human | | sional | ear | | to three | voices; or | | relations | responsible | | primary | other | | | for our | | colours | sources | | | sense of | | | sound | | | balance | | | unique | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **SUBLIMINA | **PHEROMONE | **FREQUENCY | **PSYCHOPHY | **CONES** | | L | ** | THEORY** | SICS** | | | PERCEPTION* | | | | -receptor | | * | -odorless | -rate at | -the study | cells in | | | chemical | which | of how we | the retina | | -perception | that serves | neurons | perceive | allowing us | | below the | as a social | fire the | sensory | to see in | | limen, or | signal to | action | stimuli | colour | | threshold | members of | potentials | based on | | | of | one's | reproduces | their | | | conscious | species | the pitch | physical | | | awareness | | | characteris | | | | | | tics | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **SENSE | **SOMATOSEN | **LENS** | **VESTIBULA | **INATTENTI | | RECEPTOR** | SORY** | | R | ONAL | | | | -part of | SENSE** | BLINDNESS** | | -specialize | -our sense | the eye | | | | d | of touch, | that | -our sense | -failure to | | cell | temperature | changes | of | detect | | responsible | and pain | curvature | equilibrium | stimuli | | for | | to keep | or balance | that are in | | converting | | images in | | plain sight | | external | | focus | | when our | | stimuli | | | | attention | | into neural | | | | is focused | | activity | | | | elsewhere | | for a | | | | | | specific | | | | | | sensory | | | | | | system | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **TRANSDUCT | **WEBER'S | **PERCEPTIO | **BLIND | **PUPIL** | | ION** | LAW** | N** | SPOT** | | | | | | | -circular | | -process of | -principle | -the | -region of | hole | | converting | stating | brain's | the retina | through | | an external | there is a | interpretat | containing | which light | | energy or | constant | ion | no rods and | enters the | | substance | proportiona | of raw | completely | eye | | into | l | sensory | devoid of | | | electrical | relationshi | inputs | sense | | | activity | p | | receptors | | | within | between the | | | | | neurons | just | | | | | | noticeable | | | | | | difference | | | | | | and | | | | | | original | | | | | | stimulus | | | | | | intensity | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **TASTE | **PERCEPTUA | **ABSOLUTE | **GUSTATION | **SENSATION | | BUD** | L | THRESHOLD** | ** | ** | | | SET** | | | | | -sense | | -lowest | -our sense | -detection | | receptor in | -set formed | level of a | of taste | of physical | | the tongue | when | stimulus | | energy by | | that | expectation | needed for | | sense | | responds to | s | the nervous | | organs, | | sweet, | influence | system to | | which then | | salty, | perceptions | detect a | | send | | sour, | | change 50 | | information | | bitter, | | percent of | | to the | | umami and | | the time | | brain | | fat | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **DARK | **SELECTIVE | **OLFACTION | **ILLUSION* | **ACUITY** | | ADAPTATION* | ATTENTION** | ** | * | | | * | | | | -sharpness | | | -process of | -our sense | -perception | of vision | | -time in | selecting | of smell | in which | | | dark before | one sensory | | the way we | | | rods regain | channel and | | perceive a | | | maximum | ignoring or | | stimuli | | | light | minimizing | | doesn't | | | sensitivity | others | | match its | | | | | | physical | | | | | | reality | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **PERCEPTUA | **SYNESTHES | **ORGAN OF | **BOTTOM-UP | **JUST | | L | IA** | CORTI** | PROCESSING* | NOTICEABLE | | CONSTANCY** | | | * | DIFFERENCE* | | | -a | -tissue | | * | | -the | condition | containing | -processing | | | process by | in which | the hair | in which a | -the | | which we | people | cells | whole is | smallest | | perceive | experience | necessary | constructed | change in | | stimuli | cross-modal | for hearing | from parts | the | | consistentl | sensations | | | intensity | | y | | | | of a | | across | | | | stimulus | | varied | | | | that we can | | conditions | | | | detect | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **AUDITION* | **OPPONENT | **GATE | **TOP-DOWN | **PHANTOM | | * | PROCESS | CONTROL | PROCESSING* | PAIN** | | | THEORY** | MODEL** | * | | | -our sense | | | | -pain or | | of hearing | -theory | -idea that | -conceptual | discomfort | | | that we | pain is | ly | felt in an | | | perceive | blocked or | driven | amputated | | | colours in | gated from | processing | leg | | | terms of | consciousne | influenced | | | | three pairs | ss | by beliefs | | | | of opponent | by neural | and | | | | colours; | mechanisms | expectancie | | | | red or | in the | s | | | | green; blue | spinal cord | | | | | or yellow; | | | | | | black or | | | | | | white | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **COCHLEA** | **SIGNAL | | | | | | DETECTION | | | | | -bony; | THEORY** | | | | | spiral | | | | | | shaped | -theory | | | | | sense organ | regarding | | | | | used for | how stimuli | | | | | hearing | are | | | | | | detected | | | | | | under | | | | | | different | | | | | | conditions | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **CHAPTER 5 | | | | | | -- | | | | | | DEFINITIONS | | | | | | ** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **DREAM | **INSOMNIA* | **ACTIVATIO | **BIOLOGICA | **NON-REM | | CONTINUITY | * | N | L | SLEEP** | | HYPOTHESIS* | | SYNTHESIS | CLOCK** | | | * | -difficulty | THEORY** | | -stages 1-4 | | | falling and | | -term for | | | -there is | staying | -dreams | the | during | | continuity | asleep | reflect | suprachiasm | which rapid | | between | | inputs from | atic | eye | | sleeping | | brain | nucleus in | movements | | and waking | | activation | the | do not | | experiences | | originating | hypothalamu | occur and | | that dreams | | in the | s | dreaming is | | can mirror | | pons; which | that's | less | | life | | the | responsible | frequent | | circumstanc | | forebrain | for | and vivid | | es | | then | controlling | | | | | attempts to | our levels | | | | | weave into | of | | | | | a story | alertness | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **NARCOTIC* | **NARCOLEPS | **HYPNOSIS* | **SLEEPWALK | **SEDATIVE* | | * | Y** | * | ING** | * | | | | | | | | -drug that | -disorder | -an | -walking | -drug that | | relieves | characteriz | interperson | while fully | exerts a | | pain and | ed | al | asleep | calming | | reduces | by the | situation | | effect | | sleep | rapid and | in which | | | | | often | imaginative | | | | | unexpected | suggestions | | | | | onset of | are | | | | | sleep | administere | | | | | | d | | | | | | for changes | | | | | | in | | | | | | consciousne | | | | | | ss | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **NEUROCOGN | **PAST LIFE | **OUT OF | **WITHDRAWA | **TOLERANCE | | ITIVE | REGRESSION | BODY | L** | ** | | THEORY** | THERAPY** | EXPERIENCE* | | | | | | * | -unpleasant | -reduction | | -dreams are | -therapeuti | | effects of | in the | | supported | c | -sense of | reducing or | effect of a | | by the | approach | our | stopping | drug as a | | brain's | that | consciousne | consumption | result of | | default | hypnotizes | ss | of a drug | repeated | | network and | and | leaving our | that users | use; | | are a | supposedly | body | had | requiring | | meaningful | age | | consumed | users to | | product of | regresses | | habitually | consume | | our | patients to | | | greater | | cognitive | a previous | | | quantities | | capacities; | life to | | | to achieve | | which shape | identify | | | the same | | what we | the source | | | effect | | dream about | of a | | | | | | present day | | | | | | problem | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **SLEEP | **SOCIOCOGN | **HYPNOTIC* | **HALLUCINO | **DISSOCIAT | | PARALYSIS** | ITIVE | * | GENIC** | ION | | | THEORY** | | | THEORY** | | -state of | | -drug that | -drug that | | | being | -approach | exerts a | causes | -approach | | unable to | to | sleep-induc | dramatic | to | | move just | explaining | ing | alterations | explaining | | before | hypnosis | effect | of | hypnosis | | falling | based on | | perception, | based on a | | asleep or | peoples | | mood and | sepratation | | right | attitudes, | | thought | between | | before | beliefs and | | | personality | | waking up | expectation | | | functions | | | s | | | that are | | | | | | normally | | | | | | well | | | | | | integrated | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **RAPID EYE | **CIRCADIAN | **STIMULANT | **PSYCHOACT | **CONSCIOUS | | MOVEMENT** | RHYTHM** | ** | IVE | NESS** | | | | | DRUG** | | | -REM | -cyclical | -drug that | | -our | | darting of | changes | increases | -substance | subjective | | the eyes | that occur | activity in | that | experience | | underneath | on a | the central | contains | of the | | closed | roughly | nervous | chemicals | world, our | | eyelids | 24-hour | system; | similar to | bodies and | | during | basis in | including | those found | our mental | | sleep | many | heart rate, | naturally | perspective | | | biological | respiration | in our | s | | | processes | and blood | brains that | | | | | pressure | alter | | | | | | consciousne | | | | | | ss | | | | | | by changing | | | | | | chemical | | | | | | processes | | | | | | in the | | | | | | neurons | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **NEAR | **SLEEP | **PSYCHOLOG | **DÉJÀ VU** | **MYSTICAL | | DEATH | APNEA** | ICAL | | EXPERIENCE* | | EXPERIENCE* | | DEPENDENCE* | -feelings | * | | * | -disorder | * | of reliving | | | | caused by a | | an | -feelings | | -out of | blockage of | -non | experience | of unity or | | body | the airway | physiologic | that's new | oneness | | experience | during | al | | with the | | reported by | sleep; | dependence | | world, | | people | resulting | on a drug | | often with | | who've | in multiple | that occurs | | strong | | nearly died | awakenings | when | | spiritual | | or thought | during the | continued | | overtones | | they were | night and | use of the | | | | going to | daytime | drug is | | | | die | fatigue | motivated | | | | | | by intense | | | | | | cravings | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **PHYSICAL | **NIGHT | **REM | **LUCID | | | DEPENDENCE* | TERRORS** | SLEEP** | DREAMING** | | | * | | | | | | | -sudden | -stage of | -experience | | | -dependence | waking | sleep | of becoming | | | on a drug | episodes | during | aware that | | | that occurs | characteriz | which the | you are | | | when people | ed | brain is | dreaming | | | continue to | by | most active | | | | take it to | screaming, | and vivid | | | | avoid | perspiring | dreaming | | | | withdrawal | and | most often | | | | symptoms | confusion | occurs | | | | | followed by | | | | | | a return to | | | | | | deep sleep | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **CHAPTER 6 | | | | | | -- | | | | | | DEFINITIONS | | | | | | ** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **LEARNING | **DISCRIMIN | **CONDITION | **CONTINUOU | **ACQUISITI | | STYLE** | ATIVE | ED | S | ON** | | | STIMULUS | STIMULUS** | REINFORCEME | | | -a persons | (Sd)** | | NT** | -learning | | preferred | | -initially | | phase | | or optimal | -stimulus | neutral | -reinforcin | during | | method of | associated | stimulus | g | which a | | acquiring | with the | that comes | a behaviour | conditioned | | new | presence of | to elicit a | every time | response is | | information | reinforceme | response | it occurs; | established | | | nt | due to | resulting | | | | | association | in faster | | | | | with an | learning | | | | | uncondition | but faster | | | | | ed | extinction | | | | | stimulus | than only | | | | | | occasional | | | | | | reinforceme | | | | | | nt | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **CLASSICAL | **VARIABLE | **PRIMARY | **LEARNING* | **STIMULUS | | CONDITIONIN | RATIO | REINFORCER* | * | GENERALIZAT | | G** | SCHEDULE** | * | | ION** | | | | | -change in | | | -form of | -pattern in | -item or | organisms | -process by | | learning in | which we | outcome | behaviour | which | | which | provide | that | or thought | conditioned | | animals | reinforceme | naturally | as a result | stimuli | | come to | nt | increases | of | that are | | respond to | after a | the target | experience | similar, | | a | specific | behaviour | | but not | | previously | number of | | | identical, | | neutral | responses | | | to the | | stimulus | on average | | | original | | that had | with the | | | conditioned | | been paired | number | | | stimulus | | with | varying | | | elicit a | | another | randomly | | | conditioned | | stimulus | | | | response | | that | | | | | | elicits an | | | | | | automatic | | | | | | response | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **MIRROR | **VARIABLE | **LATENT | **PARTIAL | **INSIGHT** | | NEURON** | INTERVAL | INHIBITION* | REINFORCEME | | | | SCHEDULE** | * | NT** | -grasping | | -cell in | | | | the | | the | -pattern in | -difficulty | -only | underlying | | prefrontal | which we | in | occasional | nature of a | | cortex that | provide | establishin | reinforceme | problem | | becomes | reinforceme | g | nt | | | activated | nt | classical | of a | | | by specific | for a | conditionin | behaviour, | | | motions | response at | g | resulting | | | when an | least once | to a | in slower | | | animal both | during an | conditioned | extinction | | | performs | average | stimulus | than if the | | | and | time | we've | behaviour | | | observes | interval, | repeatedly | had been | | | that action | with the | experienced | reinforced | | | | interval | alone, that | continually | | | | varying | is, without | | | | | randomly | the | | | | | | uncondition | | | | | | ed | | | | | | stimulus | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **UNCONDITI | **EXTINCTIO | **INSTINCTI | **FIXED | **RENEWAL | | ONED | N** | VE | INTERVAL | EFFECT** | | RESPONSE** | | DRIFT** | SCHEDULE** | | | | -gradual | | | -sudden | | -automatic | reduction | -tendency | -pattern in | re-emergenc | | response to | and | for animals | which we | e | | a non | eventual | to return | provide | of a | | neutral | elimination | to innate | reinforceme | conditioned | | stimulus | of the | behaviours | nt | response | | that does | conditioned | following | for a | following | | not need to | response | repeated | response at | extinction | | be learned | after the | reinforceme | least once | when an | | | conditioned | nt | following a | animal is | | | stimulus is | | specified | returned to | | | presented | | time | the | | | repeatedly | | interval | environment | | | without the | | | in which | | | uncondition | | | the | | | ed | | | conditioned | | | stimulus | | | response | | | | | | was | | | | | | acquired | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **SPONTANEO | **NEGATIVE | **FIXED | **HABITUATI | **POSITIVE | | US | REINFORCEME | RATIO | ON** | REINFORCEME | | RECOVERY** | NT** | SCHEDULE** | | NT** | | | | | -process of | | | -sudden | -the | -pattern in | responding | -the | | re-emergenc | removal of | which we | less | presentatio | | e | a stimulus | provide | strongly | n | | of an | (what would | reinforceme | over time | of a | | extinct | usually be | nt | to repeated | stimulus | | conditioned | an | following a | stimuli | (what we | | response | unpleasant | regular | | would | | after a | stimulus) | number of | | usually | | delay | following a | responses | | think of as | | following | behaviour | | | a pleasant | | an | that | | | stimulus) | | extinction | strengthens | | | following a | | procedure | the | | | behaviour | | | probability | | | that | | | of the | | | strengthens | | | behaviour | | | the | | | | | | probability | | | | | | of the | | | | | | behaviour | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **OPERANT | **SECONDARY | **FETISHISM | **SCHEDULE | **COGNITIVE | | CONDITIONIN | REINFORCER* | ** | OF | MAP** | | G** | * | | REINFORCEME | | | | | -sexual | NT** | -mental | | -learning | -neutral | attraction | | representat | | controlled | object that | to | -pattern of | ion | | by the | becomes | nonliving | reinforcing | of how a | | consequence | associated | things | a behaviour | physical | | s | with a | | | space is | | of the | primary | | | organized | | organisms | reinforce | | | | | behaviour | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **UNCONDITI | **LAW OF | **PREPARDNE | **SHAPING | **LATENT | | ONED | EFFECT** | SS** | BY | LEARNING** | | STIMULUS** | | | SUCCESSIVE | | | | -principle | -evolutiona | APPROXIMATI | -learning | | -stimulus | asserting | ry | ONS** | that's not | | that | that if a | predisposit | | directly | | elicits an | stimulus | ion | -conditioni | observable | | automatic | followed by | to learn | ng | | | response | a behaviour | some | a target | | | without | results in | pairings of | behaviour | | | prior | a reward; | feared | by | | | conditionin | the | stimuli | progressive | | | g | stimulus is | over others | ly | | | | more likely | owing to | reinforcing | | | | to give | their | behaviours | | | | rise to the | survival | that come | | | | behaviour | value | closer and | | | | in the | | closer to | | | | future | | the target | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **SKINNER | **OBSERVATI | **REINFORCE | **CONDITION | **PUNISHMEN | | BOX** | ONAL | MENT** | ED | T** | | | LEARNING** | | COMPENSATOR | | | -small | | -outcome or | Y | -outcome or | | animal | -learning | consequence | RESPONSE** | consequence | | chamber | by watching | of a | | of a | | constructed | others | behaviour | -a | behaviour | | by skinner | | that | conditioned | that | | to allow | | strengthens | response | weakens the | | sustained | | the | that is the | probability | | periods of | | probability | opposite of | of the | | conditionin | | of the | the | behaviour | | g | | behaviour | uncondition | | | to be | | | ed | | | administere | | | response | | | d | | | and served | | | and | | | to | | | behaviours | | | compensate | | | to be | | | for the | | | recorded | | | uncondition | | | unsupervise | | | ed | | | d | | | response | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **HIGHER | **CONDITION | **STIMULUS | | | | ORDER | ED | DISCRIMINAT | | | | CONDITIONIN | RESPONSE** | ION** | | | | G** | | | | | | | -conditione | -process by | | | | -developing | d | which | | | | a | response | organisms | | | | conditioned | previously | display a | | | | response to | associated | less | | | | a | with a non | pronounced | | | | conditioned | neutral | conditioned | | | | stimulus by | stimulus | response to | | | | virtue of | that is | conditioned | | | | its | elicited by | stimuli | | | | association | a neutral | that differ | | | | with | stimulus | from the | | | | another | through | original | | | | conditioned | conditioned | conditioned | | | | stimulus | | stimulus | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **CHAPTER 7 | | | | | | -- | | | | | | DEFINITIONS | | | | | | ** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **FLASHBULB | **CONTEXT | **EXPLICIT | **IMPLICIT | **SENSORY | | MEMORY** | DEPENDENT | MEMORY** | MEMORY** | MEMORY** | | | LEARNING** | | | | | -emotional | | -memories | -memories | -brief | | memory that | -superior | we recall | we don't | storage of | | is | retrieval | intentional | deliberatel | perceptual | | extraordina | of memories | ly | y | information | | rily | when the | and of | remember or | before it | | vivid and | external | which we | reflect on | is passed | | detailed | context of | have | consciously | to | | | the | conscious | | short-term | | | original | awareness | | memory | | | memories | | | | | | matches the | | | | | | retrieval | | | | | | context | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **REHEARSAL | **EPISODIC | **RECALL** | **RECOGNITI | **SOURCE | | ** | MEMORY** | | ON** | MONITORING | | | | -generating | | CONFUSION** | | -repeating | -recollecti | previously | -selecting | | | information | on | remembered | previously | -lack of | | to extend | of events | information | remembered | clarity | | the | in our | | information | about the | | duration of | lives | | from an | origin of a | | retention | | | array of | memory | | in short | | | options | | | term memory | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **ENCODING | **CHUNKING* | **LEVELS OF | **PRIMING** | **PROACTIVE | | SPECIFICITY | * | PROCESSING* | | INTERFERENC | | ** | | * | -our | E** | | | -organizing | | ability to | | | -phenomenon | information | -depth of | identify a | -interferen | | of | into | transformin | stimulus | ce | | remembering | meaningful | g | more easily | with | | something | groupings; | information | or more | acquisition | | better when | allowing us | which | quickly | of new | | the | to extend | influences | after we've | information | | conditions | the span of | how easily | encountered | due to | | under which | short term | we remember | similar | previous | | we retrieve | memory | it | stimuli | learning of | | information | | | | information | | are similar | | | | | | to the | | | | | | conditions | | | | | | under which | | | | | | we encoded | | | | | | it | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **LONG TERM | **RETRIEVAL | **MEMORY** | **INFANTILE | **META | | POTENTIATIO | CUE** | | AMNESIA** | MEMORY** | | N** | | -retention | | | | | -hint that | of | -inability | -knowledge | | -gradual | making it | information | of adults | about our | | strengtheni | easier fro | over time | to remember | own memory | | ng | us to | | personal | abilities | | of the | recall | | experiences | and | | connections | information | | that took | limitations | | among | | | place | | | neurons | | | before an | | | from | | | early age | | | repetitive | | | | | | stimulation | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **RETROGRAD | **MAGIC | **SERIAL | **PRIMACY | **DECAY** | | E | NUMBER** | POSITION | EFFECT** | | | AMNESIA** | | CURVE** | | -fading of | | | -the span | | -tendency | information | | -loss of | of short | -graph | to remember | from memory | | memories | term | depicting | words at | over time | | from our | memory, | both | the | | | past | according | primacy and | beginning | | | | to George | recency | of a list | | | | miller; | effects on | especially | | | | seven plus | peoples | well | | | | or minus | ability to | | | | | two pieces | recall | | | | | of | items on a | | | | | information | list | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **MNEMONIC* | **RELEARNIN | **RECENCY | **MEMORY | **SUGGESTIV | | * | G** | EFFECT** | ILLUSION** | E | | | | | | MEMORY | | -a learning | -reacquirin | -tendency | -false but | TECHNIQUE** | | aid, | g | to remember | subjectivel | | | strategy or | knowledge | words at | y | -procedure | | device that | that we'd | the end of | compelling | that | | enhances | previously | a list | memory | encourages | | recall | learned but | especially | | patients to | | | largely | well | | recall | | | forgotten | | | memories | | | over time | | | that may or | | | | | | may not | | | | | | have taken | | | | | | place | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **MAINTENAN | **CRYPTOMNE | **TIP OF | **IMAGINATI | **SCHEMA** | | CE | SIA** | THE TONGUE | ON | | | REHEARSAL** | | PHENOMENON* | INFLATION** | -organized | | | -failure to | * | | knowledge | | -repeating | recognize | | -imagining | structure | | stimuli in | that our | -experience | an event | or mental | | their | ideas | of knowing | inflates | model that | | original | originated | that we | confidence | we've | | form to | with | know | in the | stored in | | retain them | someone | something | likelihood | memory | | in short | else | but being | that it | | | term memory | | unable to | occurred | | | | | access it | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **ENCODING* | **SHORT | **LONG TERM | **PERMASTOR | **STORAGE** | | * | TERM | MEMORY** | E**- | | | | MEMORY** | | | -process of | | -process of | | -relatively | -type of | keeping | | getting | -memory | enduring | long term | information | | information | system that | (from | memory that | in memory | | into our | retains | minutes to | appears to | | | memory | information | years) | be | | | banks | for limited | retention | permanent | | | | durations | of | | | | | | information | | | | | | stored | | | | | | regarding | | | | | | our facts, | | | | | | experiences | | | | | | and skills | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **ICONIC | **ANTEROGRA | **RETROACTI | **SEMANTIC | **RETRIEVAL | | MEMORY** | DE | VE | MEMORY** | ** | | | AMNESIA** | INTERFERENC | | | | -visual | | E** | -our | -reactivati | | sensory | -procedural | | knowledge | on | | memory | memory | -interferen | of facts | or | | | | ce | about the | reconstruct | | | | with | world | ion | | | | retention | | of | | | | of old | | experiences | | | | information | | from our | | | | due | | memory | | | | acquisition | | stores | | | | of new | | | | | | information | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **INTERFERE | **DISTRIBUT | **ELABORATI | **STATE-DEP | **ECHOIC | | NCE** | ED | VE | ENDENT | MEMORY** | | | VERSUS | REHEARSAL** | LEARNING** | | | -loss of | MASSED | | | -auditory | | information | PRACTICE** | -linking | -superior | sensory | | from memory | | stimuli to | retrieval | memory | | because of | -studying | each other | of memories | | | competition | information | in a | when the | | | from | in small | meaningful | organism is | | | additional | increments | way to | in the same | | | incoming | over time | improve | physiologic | | | information | (distribute | retention | al | | | | d) | of | state as it | | | | versus in | information | was during | | | | large | in | encoding | | | | increments | short-term | | | | | over a | memory | | | | | brief | | | | | | amount of | | | | | | time | | | | | | (massed) | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **MISINFORM | | | | | | ATION | | | | | | EFFECT** | | | | | | | | | | | | -creation | | | | | | of | | | | | | fictitious | | | | | | memories by | | | | | | providing | | | | | | misleading | | | | | | information | | | | | | about an | | | | | | event after | | | | | | it takes | | | | | | place | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **CHAPTER | | | | | | 11 -- | | | | | | DEFINITIONS | | | | | | ** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **EXCITEMEN | **COGNITIVE | **INTEGRITY | **HIERARCHY | **GUILTY | | T | THEORIES OF | TEST** | OF NEEDS** | KNOWLEDGE | | PHASE** | EMOTION** | | | TEST** | | | | -questionna | -model, | | | -phase in | -theories | ire | developed | -alternativ | | human | proposing | that | by Abraham | e | | sexual | that | presumably | maslow, | to the | | response in | emotions | assesses | proposing | polygraph | | which | are | workers' | that we | test that | | people | products of | tendency to | must | relies on | | experience | thinking | steal or | satisfy | the premise | | sexual | | cheat | physiologic | that | | pleasure | | | al | criminals | | and notice | | | needs and | harbour | | physiologic | | | needs for | concealed | | al | | | safety and | knowledge | | changes | | | security | about the | | associated | | | before | crime that | | with it | | | progressing | innocent | | | | | to more | people | | | | | complex | don't | | | | | needs | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+--