Psychology Exam Questions PDF

1. What was the aim of the research on obedience to authority discussed in the text? A To study memory retention B To investigate personality characteristics C To analyse group dynamics D To study obedience in the absence of threat 2. How many participants were involved in...

1. What was the aim of the research on obedience to authority discussed in the text? A To study memory retention B To investigate personality characteristics C To analyse group dynamics D To study obedience in the absence of threat 2. How many participants were involved in the experimental procedure on obedience to authority? A 50 B 20 C 40 D 30 3. What were the switches labelled with when the teacher was delivering electric shocks to the learner? A Numbers B Symbols C Descriptions of shock intensity D Colors 4. What did Burger (2009) observe about the participants in Milgram\'s study regarding the voltage level of 150v? A It was the maximum voltage level used in the study B It was a key juncture where some participants refused to continue C It had no impact on participant behavior D It was the minimum voltage used in the study 5. According to Slater et al. (2006), what did the teachers\' physiological reactions indicate during the virtual reality experiment? A They saw the virtual learner as real B They were unaffected by the virtual environment C They were aware of the simulation D They were not emotionally engaged 6. What did Sherif (1935) focus on in terms of influence processes in social psychology? A Conformity to norms and group norm emergence B Individual behavior in isolation C Cognitive processes in decision-making D Social hierarchies within groups 7. What was the purpose of Asch\'s line judgement task in his study on social influence? A To test visual perception abilities B To measure conformity to group opinion C To assess individual judgment accuracy D To evaluate memory retention 8. What did Deutsch and Gerrard (1955) propose in their dual process theory regarding social influence? A Emotional responses to social pressure B Cognitive biases in group settings C Individual autonomy in decision-making D Informative and normative influence 9. According to contemporary research by Turner (1991), why are groups important in self-definition? A To avoid group conformity B To challenge group norms C To assert individuality within the group D To gain confidence through agreement with group members 10. What impact did Platow et al. (2005) observe on participants\' behavior when they watched a comedy with others laughing? A Increased smiling when others laughed B Increased seriousness in response C No impact on behavior D Decreased engagement with the comedy 11. What are the processes that allow us to record, store, and later retrieve experiences and information? A Encoding B Memory C Storage D Retrieval 12. What is the process of getting information into the system and translating it into neural code that the brain processes? A Storage B Memory C Retrieval D Encoding 13. What type of memory involves factual knowledge and consists of two categories: episodic memory and semantic memory? A Short-Term Memory B Implicit Memory C Procedural Memory D Declarative Memory 14. What is the term for remembering as a reconstruction process, involving inferences during encoding and perspective during retrieval? A Explicit Memory B Inattentional Blindness C Reconstructive Memory D Weapon Focus 15. Which memory type involves skills and actions expressed in doing things in particular situations, such as riding a bike? A Declarative Memory B Implicit Memory C Episodic Memory D Procedural Memory 16. What is the term for the process that accesses stored information in memory? A Reconstructive Memory B Encoding C Retrieval D Storage 17. What is the term for the failure of source monitoring, which is the process of examining contextual origins of a memory? A Recollection B Familiarity C Unconscious Transference D Source Misattribution Error 18. Which study by Neisse and colleagues in the 1970s involved dynamic, naturalistic scenes for research on memory? A Mack and Rock (1998) B Simons and Chablis C Loftus et al. (1987) D Neisse and Colleagues (1970s) 19. What is the term for the tendency of eyewitnesses to misidentify an innocent face based on familiarity? A Unconscious Transference B Source Misattribution Error C Recollection D Familiarity 20. Who conducted a study on the effects of wording and suggestibility in memory, specifically comparing \'you see the broken\' and \'you see a broken\'? A Loftus and Zanni (1975) B Bartlett (1932) C Neisse and Colleagues (1970s) D Crombag et al. (1996) 21. What is the main focus of developmental psychology? A Exploring the impact of technology on child development. B Understanding how and why physical, cognitive, and emotional abilities develop throughout childhood. C Studying adult behavior patterns. D Analyzing historical trends in child psychology. 22. What are teratogens and their impact on development? A Medications that enhance cognitive abilities in infants. B Nutritional supplements essential for fetal development. C Environmental factors that promote healthy development in children. D Substances causing atypical development in children if exposed in the womb, leading to negative consequences like blindness and genetic mutations. 23. What is the Sensorimotor Stage according to Jean Piaget? A The stage where children understand abstract concepts like time and space. B The stage where children develop advanced problem-solving skills. C The stage where infants can sense and move but lack complex thinking, not grasping object permanence. D The stage where children exhibit egocentric behavior. 24. What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZOPED) according to Lev Vygotsky? A The stage where children exhibit egocentric behavior. B The difference between what a child can do independently and what they can achieve with adult supervision or peer assistance. C The process of assimilating new experiences into existing schemas. D The ability to understand object permanence in infants. 25. What is Theory of Mind and its significance in understanding behaviors? A The ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others, aiding in understanding behaviors. B The ability to recognize faces and objects in infants. C The ability to perform voluntary behaviors like focusing attention and monitoring actions. D The stage where children develop advanced problem-solving skills. 26. What are Executive Functions according to Carlson (2005)? A The ability to understand and imitate actions in infants. B The ability to recognize faces and objects in infants. C Cognitive processes aiding in monitoring and controlling thoughts, consisting of inhibition, working memory, and shifting. D The ability to perform systematic and rigorous operations in children. 27. What is the significance of mirror neurons in understanding actions and imitation in ASD? A Brain cells responsible for memory formation in infants. B Brain cells active when watching and performing actions, with dysfunction possibly explaining impairments in ASD. C Brain cells responsible for sensory perception in infants. D Brain cells involved in language development in children. 28. What are the typical characteristics of Separation Anxiety and Stranger Anxiety in infants? A Distress over separation from a primary caregiver and distress over contact with unfamiliar people at specific ages. B Preference for sweet tastes and aversion to bitter tastes in infants. C Fear of loud noises and fear of bright lights in infants. D Interest in exploring new environments and objects in infants. 29. What is the significance of the Three Mountain Task in understanding Theory of Mind? A Used to evaluate infants\' understanding of object permanence. B Used to assess infants\' ability to recognize faces and objects. C Used to measure infants\' response to sensory stimuli. D Used to demonstrate that people believe things, even if they are untrue, and act based on those beliefs, aiding in understanding Theory of Mind. 30. What is the role of social constructivism in children\'s cognitive development according to Lev Vygotsky? A Children develop knowledge independently of social interactions. B Children construct knowledge through interactions with others, guided by communication and relationships. C Children rely solely on biological maturation for cognitive development. D Children learn primarily through individual experiences. 31. What are the main criticisms of Piaget\'s theory of development according to the reference text? A Lacking empirical evidence and practical applications. B Ignoring the importance of biological factors in development. C Overemphasizing the role of social interactions in cognitive development. D Focused on specific aspects and measured development in only one way, overlooking the role of others in cognitive development. 32. What is the definition of sensation according to the text? A Interpreting stimuli B Analysis of stimuli C Sorting out stimuli D Activation of the sense organs 33. What is the critical role of sensory and perceptual systems according to the text? A Produce physical energy B Deconstruct stimuli C Select relevant and significant information D Activate the brain 34. What is the structure responsible for providing the most acuity in vision according to the text? A Fovea (fovea centralis) B Cones C Rods D Visual cortex 35. What is the critical role of the brain in perception according to the text? A Processing different senses B Interpreting stimuli C Sending information to the brain D Activating sense organs 36. What is the definition of Gestalt according to the text? A Organized whole B Sum of all parts C Deconstruction of stimuli D Activation of the brain 37. What is the importance of faces in human communication according to the text? A Processing holistic information B Configural information C Featural processing D Expressions indicating emotions 38. What is the Thatcher effect described in the text? A Local processing of features B Detection of inversion of eyes and mouth C Processing configuration D Recognition of familiar faces 39. What is embodied cognition according to the text? A Stored in sensory regions B Primarily motor experience C Cognition grounded in sensory and motor systems D Separate mental representation 40. What is the traditional cognition approach according to the text? A Grounded in sensory and motor systems B Stored within sensory systems C Thinking about, looking at, and interacting with an object D Distributed across motor areas 41. What is the role of the brain according to the alternative approach described in the text? A For complex thought B To keep us alive C To experience the world D Grounded in sensory and motor systems 42. What is the scientific study of the nervous system called? A Neuroscience B Neuropathology C Neuroimaging D Psychology 43. Who founded Phrenology in the 19th century? A Leonardo da Vinci B Descartes C Gall D Hippocrates 44. Which part of the brain is important for sensation and thought according to Galen? A The spinal cord B The brain C The cerebellum D The pituitary gland 45. What is the term for the collective structures including the Caudate nucleus, Putamen, and Globus pallidus involved in the control of movement? A Basal ganglia B Amygdala C Hippocampus D Corpus Callosum 46. Which Nobel prize winner is known for his work on the lateralization of brain function and split-brain patients? A Galen B Gall C Descartes D Sperry 47. What is the neurotransmitter associated with inhibition and certain diseases? A Serotonin B Acetylcholine C Dopamine D GABA 48. Which brain structure plays an important role in fear conditioning and emotional responses? A Basal ganglia B Corpus Callosum C Amygdala D Hippocampus 49. What is the term for a drug that reduces the action of a neurotransmitter? A Agonist B Antagonist C Psychoactive D Depressant 50. Which category of psychoactive drugs produces sensory or perceptual delusions? A Hallucinogens B Opiates C Depressants D Stimulants 51. What is the term for the long fiber of a neuron that sends signals to other neurons? A Cell body B Axon terminal C Dendrite D Axon 52. What are the 5 mechanisms of biological evolution according to the reference text? A Genotype, Phenotype, DNA, Alleles, Genes B Competition, Variation, Heritability, Reproductive success C Darwin, Wallace, Mandel, Gregor, Lucy D Natural selection, Sexual selection, Genetic drift, Gene flow, Mutation 53. According to the reference text, what is the basic mechanism of evolution? A Natural selection B Genetic drift C Gene flow D Mutation 54. Who is credited with the publication of \'The Origin of Species\' in 1859 according to the reference text? A Gregor B Darwin C Mandel D Wallace 55. What is the most powerful tool to create changes during evolution as mentioned in the reference text? A Mutation B Genetic drift C Gene flow D Natural selection 56. Which human ancestor is considered the oldest human ancestor thought to have walked on two legs according to the reference text? A Lucy B Homo habilis C Orrorin tugensis D Homo erectus 57. From which ancestor is the genus Homo believed to have arisen around 2 million years ago according to the reference text? A Homo habilis B Homo ergaster C Australopithecus D Lucy 58. Which human species was the first known to tame fire according to the reference text? A Homo erectus B Homo ergaster C Neanderthals D Homo habilis 59. Where did Homo sapiens originate according to the reference text? A Africa B Europe C Australia D Asia 60. What allowed humans to extract more energy from food and contributed to the increase in brain size according to the reference text? A Mutation and gene replication B Changes in diet, production of tools, and invention of cooking C Genetic drift and gene flow D Natural selection and sexual selection 61. What is the percentage of energy consumed by the human brain at rest according to the reference text? A 20% B 30% C 40% D 50%