PSYC 305 - Thinking.pptx

Thinking Outline Dual-Processing Theory System 1 and 2 Examples Class Activity Introduction Cognitive Psychology is defined as the scientific study of information processing, encompassing processes like attention, perception, memory and thinking. What is Thinking? What is Thinking? Thinking is a men...

Thinking Outline Dual-Processing Theory System 1 and 2 Examples Class Activity Introduction Cognitive Psychology is defined as the scientific study of information processing, encompassing processes like attention, perception, memory and thinking. What is Thinking? What is Thinking? Thinking is a mental activity But note that not all mental activities are thinking. What is Thinking? Thinking is a mental activity. But note that not all mental activities are thinking. For example, visual perception, memory encoding and storage are all mental activities but they are not considered to be thinking. So, What is Thinking? It is a specific subset of mental activity that involves working with mental representations, planning and executing behaviors and the coordination of cognitive resources (attention). Mental activities resulting in the generation of ideas, solutions, and answers to questions/problems. Thinking Reasoning Problem Solving Decision Making Different Types of Thinking Intuitive, Procedural, Automatic Conscious and Effortful Dual-Process Theory System 1 System 2 Dual-Process Theory Dual-process theory describes the two systems as follows: System 1 System 2 Operates Faster Slower Is Intuitive Reason-based Evolutionarily recent brain structures Present in humans evolutionarily primitive brain structures Is Present in non human species System 1 It is described as Faster - generate responses quick Unconscious – not aware how responses were generated It just come to your mind Independent of general intelligence or working memory (little differences between people) Automatic Operates via associative mechanisms System 1 It is also described as Evolutionary Primitive – structures and processes associated with System 1 are likely to be shared across many species, not only humans. What kind of behaviors rely on System 1? When you make a decision with your gut, it might be a decision based on System 1. System 1 is supported by lower cortical regions, including limbic system, basal ganglia. System 2 It is described as Slower – consider various outcomes and possibilities Reason-based – apply rules Conscious – aware of strategies used to solve the problem Effortful – attention is required Evolutionary recent brain structures – brain structures that are more developed in humans than other animals Present in humans For example The decision to sell your car and buy a new one. System 2 is supported by prefrontal cortex areas. Evolutionar y Recent Brain Areas Thank you! Additional slides Conscious Effortful Aware of the content in your mind Requires sustained attention Recall and generation of learned facts Application of these facts Monitor behavior (evaluate how well our performance is) Intuitive and Procedural Rely on procedurally learned motor responses On intuitive thoughts Which kind of thinking you rely on when solving the following problems? 2+2= 25+53= Different Kinds of Thinking Solving a physics problem Different Kinds of Thinking Catching a fly ball Different Kinds of Thinking Different Kinds of Thinking Video https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/ video/2011/nov/21/daniel-kahneman-psycholo gy-video Thank you!