PSY362 Quiz 1 Spring 2025 PDF

**PSY362 Quiz 1: Chapters 1-4** 1. How did the world wars influence social psychology? A. They created a greater need for laboratory research. B. They inspired the topics that were chosen for study. C. They produced better technologies for studying social interactions....

**PSY362 Quiz 1: Chapters 1-4** 1. How did the world wars influence social psychology? A. They created a greater need for laboratory research. B. They inspired the topics that were chosen for study. C. They produced better technologies for studying social interactions. D. They made it more difficult to carry out ethical research. 2. Which research topic is part of the content domain of social influence in social psychology? E. aggression F. romantic relationships G. self-perception H. obedience 3. Which of the following is the best example of a topic that would be studied by a sociologist? I. documenting how tribal rituals have changed within a culture over the past 50 years J. examining how anxiety is related to parental attachment K. studying how being "lost in a crowd" causes people to behave aggressively L. exploring differences in how members of street gangs define deviant behavior 4. Lewin\'s equation shows that which two factors influence individual behaviors? M. potential response and aggressive tendency N. prejudice and prosocial behavior O. personality and environment P. peer influence and risk-taking behaviors 5. The idea that people are perceived and treated by others based on combinations of their ethnicity, religion, gender, and so forth, is a key feature of \_\_\_\_\_\_. Q. the nature versus nurture debate R. action research S. intersectionality theory T. stereotype threat 6. Many psychologists note that pitting nature and nurture against one another is an example of a \_\_\_\_\_\_. U. type I error V. type of action research W. replication crisis X. false dichotomy 7. Research examining whether being raised by abusive parents makes children more violent is an example of a study that seeks to explore which important social psychological question? Y. Is science the best way to learn about social behavior? Z. Is behavior shaped more by biological factors ("nature") or by environmental factors ("nurture")? A. Why do humans live in groups? B. How can we explain why good people do bad things\--and vice versa? 8. A study tries to determine whether students rely on evidence or gut-instinct when making career decisions. Which important social psychological question does this study explore? C. Why do stereotypes and prejudices exist and persist? D. Is behavior shaped more by biological factors ("nature") or by environmental factors ("nurture")? E. How do humans think? F. Is science the best way to learn about social behavior? 9. One way to remedy the replication crisis is to \_\_\_\_\_\_. G. publish results from studies that are original and new H. expose researchers who falsify results I. conduct more research that attempts to repeat findings from previous studies J. decrease the number of original studies that are conducted 10. In what way does basic science differ from applied science? K. Basic science focuses on translating theories into solutions to problems. L. Basic science focuses on developing theories to increase understanding. M. Applied science rarely tests hypotheses. N. Applied science relies on experimentation to test hypotheses. 11. Which of the following is the best hypothesis? O. Are men more aggressive than women? P. Men engage in more aggressive behaviors than women. Q. Aggressive men are perceived to lack intelligence. R. Men are aggressive because they seek physical dominance. 12. If the evidence collected in a study partially supports a hypothesis, researchers should then do which of the following? S. interpret only the results that are supported by the evidence T. reanalyze the data to see whether initial mistakes were made U. abandon the hypothesis and start over V. Refine the hypothesis and test it again 13. A researcher is analyzing the diaries of people who have lived through natural disasters. What are these an example of? W. confounding variables X. applied science topics Y. archival data Z. constructs 14. Which type of research is most likely to have problems with violating one's privacy? A. experiment B. survey C. archival study D. naturalistic observation 15. Which example best illustrates participant observation? E. study participants taking notes during an experiment F. a researcher pretending to be a participant G. careful monitoring of participants during the course of an experiment H. a summation of participant reactions to an experiment 16. What is it called when people change their behavior because they are being observed? I. reactivity J. social desirability bias K. operationalization L. participant observation 17. Nathan lies on a survey because he wants to impress the researcher. He likely does this because of what? M. social desirability N. reactivity O. participant observation P. cognitive bias 18. Which best illustrates a negative correlation? Q. As ocean levels increase, the number of safe beaches decreases. R. As restaurant portion sizes increase, the average BMI also increases. S. As the number of oysters decreases, the number of pearls decreases. T. Temperature changes may increase or decrease the amount of outside exercise. 19. Which of the following tests a single group of people to see whether some kind of experience or treatment had an effect? U. preexperiment V. correlational analysis W. quasi-experiment X. a true experiment 20. Before choosing which experiment condition a participant belongs in, the researcher flips a coin. What is the researcher likely doing? Y. eliminating all confounding variables Z. assigning the participant to the control group A. assigning the participant to the experimental group B. randomly assigning the participant to a condition 21. Which of the following consists of the mental structures and frameworks that help us build our self-concept? C. self-differentiations D. self-schemas E. self-awareness F. upward social comparisons 22. Which of the following is emphasized in Western cultures, including the United States? G. self-differentiation H. self-schema I. independent self J. interdependent self 23. Sarah becomes frustrated because she cannot make cupcakes that look like the ones in Martha Stewart's cookbook. Which of the following does this exemplify? K. upward social comparison L. downward social comparison M. social identity theory N. self-schema theory 24. Which of the following postulates that we are constantly juggling three versions of ourselves (actual, ideal, ought)? O. self-schema theory P. self-discrepancy theory Q. social comparison theory R. self-perception theory 25. Frederick is a high school student. He currently knows that he has trouble staying organized, which causes him to constantly be running late for class and meetings. As a New Year resolution, Frederick determines that he will become more organized and be more prompt. When he tells his mother this, she also notes that he currently eats an unhealthy diet. In addition to his other resolutions, Frederick starts to eat healthier, even though he didn't personally have a problem with the food ate. Which of the following refers to Frederick's ideal self? S. Frederick eating a healthier diet T. Frederick being unorganized U. Frederick running late V. Frederick becoming more organized 26. When he is with his friends, Ron regularly uses slang. However, during a job interview, Ron is sure to use proper English and does not use slang. What does this exemplify? W. self-expansion theory X. impression management Y. other-enhancement Z. conspicuous consumption 27. Godric experiences high levels of fear when faced with challenges such as performing a singing solo in front of the whole school. He experiences agitation because he feels that others expect him to be courageous and enjoy his time in the spotlight. Godric is experiencing discrepancy between his actual self and his \_\_\_\_\_\_. A. self-concept B. ideal self C. ought self D. self-awareness 28. In order to impress her peers, Janet buys and wears only expensive, name-brand clothing. What does this exemplify? E. opinion conformity F. other enhancement G. conspicuous consumption H. self-promotion 29. Which of the following refers to engaging in behaviors specifically designed to flatter and influence someone? I. entitlement J. ingratiation K. self-monitoring L. self-comparison 30. Coraline is a public relations professional. As such, she is known for being a "social chameleon" that constantly changes her behaviors to fit the social situation in which she is participating. Coraline would be known as which of the following? M. low self-monitor N. high self-monitor O. self-aware P. self-comparer 31. According to contingencies of self-worth theory, individuals\' self-esteem is influenced by which of the following? 32. Which social cognition skill is most likely used in an emergency situation? Q. intuition R. logic S. cognitive load shifting T. dual processing 33. What enables us to switch from minimal cognitive effort to systematic consideration of evidence? U. intuition V. logic W. cognitive load X. dual processing 34. People frequently use mental shortcuts to minimize cognitive load because they are what? Y. counterfactual thinkers Z. cognitive misers A. maximizers B. magical thinkers 35. Which best reflects a statement made by a maximizer? C. I am usually content wherever I am. D. I find it easy to pick the right gift for my spouse. E. I never settle for second best. F. Making decisions about what to wear is easy for me. 36. Which best describes the behavior of a satisficer? G. waiting until your favorite type of shoes are in stock before purchasing H. purchasing the first pair of shoes that fit I. buying three pairs of shoes in three different colors J. comparing shoe prices online before making a purchase in the store 37. Many important public works projects run over time and over budget. This is likely related to what concept? K. upward counterfactual thinking L. optimistic bias M. magical thinking N. planning fallacy 38. What is it called when we imagine past events that would have led to a different future (positive or negative)? O. maximizing P. satisficing Q. planning fallacy R. counterfactual thinking 39. Seeing multiple stories about the same shark attack led people to believe that shark attacks are common because the stories came easily to mind. This is an example of what concept? S. anchoring and adjustment heuristic T. algorithm U. availability heuristic V. representativeness heuristic 40. While in a big box store, you approach a man in a blue vest for help. It turns out that the man is a customer and not an employee. This error was made because of what type of mental shortcut? W. representativeness heuristic X. anchoring and adjustment heuristic Y. algorithm Z. confirmation bias 41. Many people in the United States get their news from a single source that reinforces already held beliefs. What is this likely evidence of? A. hindsight bias B. confirmation bias C. negativity bias D. representativeness heuristic