Brain and Behavior: Neurons - Spring 2025 PDF

Brain & Behavior: Cells of the Nervous System: Neurons Spring 2025 © Cengage Learning 2016  Two Primary Types of Cells in the Nervous System Neurons: a.k.a. nerve cells Glia: supporting cells © Cengage Learning 2016  Neurons...

Brain & Behavior: Cells of the Nervous System: Neurons Spring 2025 © Cengage Learning 2016  Two Primary Types of Cells in the Nervous System Neurons: a.k.a. nerve cells Glia: supporting cells © Cengage Learning 2016  Neurons Primary functioning cells of the CNS Process information Conduct electrical signals Communicate with one another Control our bodies © Cengage Learning 2016  Receive, process, and The send information Jobs of the Specialized neurons play specific roles Nervous among these three System jobs in the overall NS & Its But, on a small scale, Cells: all neurons perform these three jobs © Cengage Learning 2016  Functional Variations Sensory neurons Receive information from the outside world Motor neurons Send commands from the CNS directly to muscles and glands Interneurons In between sensory and © Cengage Learning 2016 motor systems  Where Would You Find …? Sensory Neurons: Motor Neurons: Interneurons: © Cengage Learning 2016  Functions & Parts of Neurons Receive, process, and send information Receive info: dendrites (contain receptors) Process info: soma (cell body) Send info: axons & axon terminals (terminal buttons) © Cengage Learning 2016  Neuron © Cengage Learning 2016  4 Zones of the Neuron: Input zone: dendrites (and sometimes the soma); receives communication from other cells Integration zone: on the soma; incoming signals are summed together to determine if the neuron will pass along a message Conduction zone: axon Output zone: axon terminals (terminal buttons, synaptic boutons); © Cengage Learning 2016  Cell Membrane Separates extracellular and intracellular fluids Regulates movement of substances (via ion channels) Regulates concentration of salts and other chemicals Phospholipid Bilayer © Cengage Learning 2016  The Neural Membrane © Cengage Learning 2016  The Neural Contains organelles Cell Body and cell’s nucleus (Soma) © Cengage Learning 2016  The Cytoskeleto n of Neurons – Three Fiber Types Microtubules, neurofilaments, and microfilaments © Cengage Learning 2016  Dendrites receive signals from adjacent neurons Dendritic spines Dendrit Receptors (detect neurotransmitter) es © Cengage Learning 2016  Axons Axons transmit signals (action potentials) Axon hillock Signal originates here Myelin (coats the axon) Helps transmission Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes Nodes of Ranvier Gaps between myelin © Cengage Learning 2016  Axons and Dendrites “Talk” at Synapses © Cengage Learning 2016  Neurons Communicate at the Synapse © Cengage Learning 2016  Structural and Functional Classification of Neurons © Cengage Learning 2016  Structural and Functional Classification of Neurons © Cengage Learning 2016  Structural and Functional Classification of Neurons (cont’d.) © Cengage Learning 2016 © Cengage Learning 2016  Structural and Functional Classification of Neurons (cont’d.) © Cengage Learning 2016 © Cengage Learning 2016  Structural and Functional Classification of Neurons (cont’d.) © Cengage Learning 2016  Question: where are the input and output zones on this cell? © Cengage Learning 2016  Question: where are the input and output zones on this cell? © Cengage Learning 2016  Q: which is the presynaptic neuron and which is the postsynaptic neuron in this image? © Cengage Learning 2016 Q: which is the presynaptic neuron and which is the postsynaptic neuron in this image? © Cengage Learning 2016  Q: which is the presynaptic neuron in this image? © Cengage Learning 2016