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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the primary function of neurons within the central nervous system (CNS)?
Which of the following best describes the primary function of neurons within the central nervous system (CNS)?
- Conducting electrical signals, processing information, and communicating with other cells. (correct)
- Forming the blood-brain barrier to protect the CNS from harmful substances.
- Removing waste products and pathogens from the brain.
- Providing structural support and insulation to nerve cells.
How do the roles of sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons relate to one another in the nervous system?
How do the roles of sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons relate to one another in the nervous system?
- Sensory neurons send commands, motor neurons receive information, and interneurons process signals.
- Sensory neurons and motor neurons directly communicate; interneurons provide structural support.
- Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons operate independently without any interaction.
- Sensory neurons receive information, motor neurons send commands, and interneurons mediate between these systems. (correct)
If a person touches a hot stove, which sequence accurately describes the flow of information through the nervous system?
If a person touches a hot stove, which sequence accurately describes the flow of information through the nervous system?
- Interneuron → Sensory neuron → Brain → Motor neuron
- Brain → Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Muscle
- Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Motor neuron → Muscle (correct)
- Motor neuron → Interneuron → Sensory neuron → Brain
Glia cells and neurons both exist in the nervous system, but what is a key difference between the two?
Glia cells and neurons both exist in the nervous system, but what is a key difference between the two?
Which of the following is something that all neurons perform?
Which of the following is something that all neurons perform?
Which zone of the neuron is responsible for integrating incoming signals to determine whether a message will be passed along?
Which zone of the neuron is responsible for integrating incoming signals to determine whether a message will be passed along?
What is the primary function of the myelin sheath that surrounds the axon of a neuron?
What is the primary function of the myelin sheath that surrounds the axon of a neuron?
Which type of neuron is responsible for transmitting information from the central nervous system to muscles or glands?
Which type of neuron is responsible for transmitting information from the central nervous system to muscles or glands?
What is the main role of the cell membrane in a neuron?
What is the main role of the cell membrane in a neuron?
Where on the neuron does an action potential typically originate?
Where on the neuron does an action potential typically originate?
What is the primary function of the dendrites in a neuron?
What is the primary function of the dendrites in a neuron?
Which of the following is a component of the cytoskeleton of neurons?
Which of the following is a component of the cytoskeleton of neurons?
Which of the following describes the function of interneurons?
Which of the following describes the function of interneurons?
What is the role of the Nodes of Ranvier in neuronal transmission?
What is the role of the Nodes of Ranvier in neuronal transmission?
At which location does communication between two neurons occur?
At which location does communication between two neurons occur?
Flashcards
Neurons
Neurons
The primary functioning cells of the central nervous system (CNS); they process information, conduct electrical signals, communicate with each other, and control our bodies.
Glia
Glia
Supporting cells in the nervous system that assist neurons.
Three Jobs of Neurons
Three Jobs of Neurons
Receive information, process information, and send information.
Sensory Neurons
Sensory Neurons
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Motor Neurons
Motor Neurons
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Interneurons
Interneurons
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Dendrites
Dendrites
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Soma
Soma
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Axon
Axon
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Axon Terminals
Axon Terminals
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Synapse
Synapse
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Myelin
Myelin
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Nodes of Ranvier
Nodes of Ranvier
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Study Notes
- There are two primary types of cells in the nervous system: neurons and glia.
- Neruons are also known as nerve cells
- Glia are the supporting cells
Neurons
- Primary functioning cells of the Central Nervous System (CNS).
- Process information, conduct electrical signals, and communicate with one another.
- Control the body.
- Receive, process, and send information.
- Neurons perform all of these jobs on a small scale.
- Specialized neurons play specific roles among these jobs in the overall nervous system.
Functional Variations
- Sensory neurons receive information from the outside world.
- Motor neurons send commands from the CNS directly to muscles and glands.
- Interneurons are in between sensory and motor neurons.
Functions & Parts of Neurons
- Neurons receive, process, and send information from the input, integration, conduction, and output zones.
- Input zone: Dendrites (contain receptors) and sometimes the soma and receive communication from other cells.
- Integration zone: Located on the soma where incoming signals are summed to determine if the neuron will pass along a message.
- Conduction zone: the axon.
- Output zone: Axon terminals (terminal buttons, synaptic boutons) and the signal is passed on to another cell.
Cell Membrane
- Separates extracellular and intracellular fluids.
- Regulates movement of substances via ion channels.
- Regulates concentration of salts and other chemicals.
- Composed of a Phospholipid Bilayer.
Neural Cell Body (Soma)
- Contains organelles and the cell's nucleus.
Cytoskeleton of Neurons
- Made up of three fiber types: Microtubules, neurofilaments, and microfilaments.
Dendrites
- Receive signals from adjacent neurons.
- Dendritic spines are located here.
- Receptors (detect neurotransmitter)
Axons
- Transmit signals (action potentials).
- Axon hillock is where the signal originates.
- Myelin coats the axon and helps transmission using Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes
- Nodes of Ranvier are gaps between myelin.
- Axon terminal (terminal buttons) are at the end of the axon.
Structural and Functional Classification of Neurons
- Unipolar neurons: Transmit information about touch, skin temperature, and pain near the spinal cord, with processes extending to skin, muscle, organs, and glands.
- Bipolar neurons: Transmit information in several sensory systems in the retina, cochlea, olfactory bulb, and tongue
- Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula bipolar neurons: Provide fast, intuitive assessments of complex situations.
- Multipolar neurons: Located in the cerebral cortex.
- Pyramidal and Purkinje cells: Located in the cerebellum
- Motor neurons: Located in the spinal cord, with axons extending to muscles and glands, and they carry commands to muscles and glands.
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Description
Explore the two primary types of cells in the nervous system: neurons and glia. Neurons, also known as nerve cells, are the primary functioning cells of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Glia are the supporting cells for the neurons.
