PSY 334 Exam 1 Notes PDF

PSY 334 Exam 1 Notes **Lecture 1** **Biosocial Theories** - - - - **Organismic Theories** - - **Learning Theories** - - **Sociological Theories** - - - **Historical and Anthropological Perspectives** - - **Lecture 2** **Methods** **Developmental Design*...

PSY 334 Exam 1 Notes **Lecture 1** **Biosocial Theories** - - - - **Organismic Theories** - - **Learning Theories** - - **Sociological Theories** - - - **Historical and Anthropological Perspectives** - - **Lecture 2** **Methods** **Developmental Design** - - - - **Lecture 3** **Onset of Puberty (what triggers puberty)** - - - - - **Somatic Development and the Adolescent Growth Spurt** - - **Sex Differences in Muscle and Fat** - - - - **Individual Differences in Pubertal Maturation** - - **Familial Influences on Pubertal Timing** - **Group differences in Pubertal Maturation** - **The Immediate impact of puberty** Puberty and Stress - Puberty and effects of the brain - Puberty and adolescent moodiness - **Puberty and Changes in Patterns of Sleep** Delayed phase preference - - - **Early vs Late maturation among boys** Pros of Early Maturation - - Cons of Early Maturation - - **Early vs Late maturation in girls** Pros of early maturation: popularity Cons of early maturation: - - - Theories explaining why early maturation is harder on girls than boys - - - - - - **Lecture 4** **Thinking About Possibilities** Adolescents are able to move easily between the specific and abstract to generate alternative possibilities Adolescents are able to engage in hypothetical, or "if-then," thinking - - - - **Thinking about Abstract Concepts** Second aspect of cognitive development is the appearance of more systemic, abstract thinking: - - "If time could be paused for everyone but you, how would you use that ability, and what ethical dilemmas might arise from having such power?" **Thinking about Thinking** - - - - - - - - **Thinking in Multiple Dimensions** - **Adolescent Relativism** - - **The Piagetian View of Adolescent Thinking** Abstract system of Logical Reasoning - - **Information Processing View of Adolescent Thinking** - - - - - - - - **How Your Brain Works** The brain functions by sendings electrical signal across circuits of interconnected cells called neurons **Neurons:** Nerve cells - **Synapse:** The gap in space between neurons, across which neurotransmitters carry electrical impulses **Neurotransmitters:** Specialized chemicals that carry electrical impulses between neurons **What changes in adolescence?** **Amygdala:** Part of the brain the processes rewards and fear - **Social Cognition in Adolescence** - **Lecture 5** **Emerging Adulthood: A new stage of life or luxury of the middle class?** Emerging adulthood is a term of ages 18-25, caught between adolescence and adulthood Emerging adults are characterized by five main features. - - - - - **Adolescence as a Social Invention** - - - - **Social Redefinition:** The process through which an individual\'s position or status is redefined by society **Common Practices in the Process of Social Redefinition** Real or Symbolic Separation from Parents - An emphasis on differences between the sexes - Passing on information from the older generation - **Variations in Social Transitions** Societies differ in the process of social redefinition on two important dimensions: - - - - - - - - - **The effects of poverty on the transition into adulthood** Two societal trends are reshaping the nature of the transition: - - - - - - - - **Processes of neighborhood influences** 1. a. i. b. 2. c. d. - - 3. e. f. - - -