PSY-312_MODULE-2_PPT-PART-2.pdf

SELF AND SELF- PRESENTATION PSY 312 – MODULE 2 (Part 2)  Learning Objectives After successfully completing this module, the students must have: 1. Define and explained the self and its determinants of development. 2. Explain how people acquire unique identities and...

SELF AND SELF- PRESENTATION PSY 312 – MODULE 2 (Part 2)  Learning Objectives After successfully completing this module, the students must have: 1. Define and explained the self and its determinants of development. 2. Explain how people acquire unique identities and its influence to our behavior and planning procedures. 3. Identify predictors of successful self- presentation. 4. Create an output showing your understanding of the self and self-presentation. PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  2 Identities: The Self We Know PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  Identities: The Self We Know Identities meanings attached to the self by one’s self and others. We construct identities by observing our own behavior and the responses of others to us as we enact these roles. PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  Identities: The Self We Know Role Identities For each role we enact, we develop a somewhat different view of who we are—an identity. Because these identities are concepts of self in specific roles, they are called role identities PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  Identities: The Self We Know Social Identities is the definition of the self in terms of the defining characteristics of a social group. Membership in social categories or groups based on criteria such as gender, nationality, race/ ethnicity, sexual preferences, or political affiliation serves as second source of identities (Howard, 2000). PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  Social Networks Each of us is part of networks of social relationships. These relationships may stand or fall depending on whether we continue to enact particular role identities. The more numerous and significant the relationships that depend on enacting an identity, the more committed we become to that identity. Online networks provide us with opportunities to enact identities. PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  SELF-AWARENESS AND SELF-DISCREPANCIES Self-Awareness – we take the self as the object of our attention and focus on our own appearance, actions, and thoughts. Self-Discrepancies – a component of the actual self is the opposite of a component of the ideal self or the ought self—we experience discomfort. PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  SELF-AWARENESS AND SELF-DISCREPANCIES Effects of Self Discrepancies According to self-discrepancy theory, the two types of discrepancies produce two different emotional states. (1) Someone who has an actual-ideal discrepancy will experience dejection, sadness, or depression. (2) Someone who perceives an actual-ought to discrepancy will experience fear, tension, or restlessness. The theory predicts that the larger the discrepancy, the greater the discomfort. PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  3 Self-Esteem PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  SELF-ESTEEM Self-Esteem the evaluative component of self-concept. High-Self-Esteem Low Self-Esteem Situational Self-Esteem PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  Assessment of Self-Esteem There are several approaches to measuring self-esteem. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale – consist of 10 statements about 1 feelings toward and evaluations of oneself, and assesses the extent of agreement or disagreement with each. A second approach is the attempt to measure implicit self-esteem— 2 the unaware, automatic evaluation of the self—by assessing the person’s evaluation of objects and qualities associated with the self. A third technique involves using trained coders to assess 3 autobiographical narratives; the coder reads the narrative and assigns two overall ratings, each on a 9-point scale. PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  Sources of Self-Esteem There are several sources of self-esteem. Family Experience 1 Performance Feedback 2 Social Comparison 3 PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  PROTECTING SELF-ESTEEM Manipulating Appraisals We choose to associate with people who share our view of self and avoid people who do not and we interpret others’ appraisals as more favorable or unfavorable than they actually are. PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  PROTECTING SELF-ESTEEM Selective Social Comparison We carefully select others with whom to compare ourselves and we usually compare ourselves with persons who are similar in age, sex, occupation, economic status, abilities, and attitudes. PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  4 Self-Presentation PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  MANAGING APPEARANCES Appearance – refers to everything about a person that others can observe. Physical Appearance and Props Erving Goffman – Self- Presentation in Everyday Life (Dramaturgy and Impression Management) PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  MANAGING APPEARANCES Front Region - settings in which people carry out interaction performances and exert efforts to maintain appropriate appearances vis-à- vis others. Back Region - settings inaccessible to outsiders in which people knowingly violate the appearances they present in front regions PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  SELF-PRESENTATION Self-Presentation the processes by which individuals attempt to control the impressions that others form of them in social interaction can be authentic, ideal and tactical self-presentation PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  SELF-PRESENTATION 1 Authentic Self-Presentation our goal is to create an image of ourselves in the eyes of others that is consistent with the way we view ourselves (our real self). PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  SELF-PRESENTATION 2 Ideal Self-Presentation our goal is to establish a public image of ourselves that is consistent with what we wish we were (our ideal self). PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  SELF-PRESENTATION 3 Tactical Self-Presentation our concern is to establish a public image of ourselves that is consistent with what others want or expect us to be. PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  SELF-PRESENTATION 3 Tactical Self-Presentation Tactical impression management – The use of conscious, goal-directed activity to control information to influence impressions. PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  SELF-PRESENTATION Tactical Impression Management Ingratiation -attempts to increase a target person’s liking for us PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  SELF-PRESENTATION Tactical Impression Management Ingratiation Tactics 1. Opinion Conformity (pretending to share the target person’s views on important issues) 2. Other Enhancement (outright flattery or complimenting of the target person) 3. Supplication (convincing others you are deserving) PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  SELF-PRESENTATION Forms of Selective Presentation Self-Promotion – a person advertises his or her strengths, virtues, and admirable qualities. Self-Deprecation – a person downplay their own abilities, qualities and achievements , often in a humorous or modest way. PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  SELF-PRESENTATION IN EVERYDAY LIFE Successful Self-Presentation involves efforts (1) to establish a workable definition of the situation and (2) to disclose information about the self that is consistent with the claimed identity. PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  SELF-PRESENTATION IN EVERYDAY LIFE Definition of the Situation – an agreement about their situated identities, what their goals are, what actions are proper, and what their behaviors mean. Frames – set of widely understood rules or conventions pertaining to a transient but repetitive social situation that indicates which roles should be enacted and which behaviors are proper. PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  SELF-PRESENTATION IN EVERYDAY LIFE Self-Disclosure process of revealing personal aspects of one’s feelings and behavior to others. Norm of reciprocity in disclosure widely accepted social norm that one person should respond to another’s disclosures with disclosures at a similar level of intimacy. PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2  THANKS Do you have questions? PSY 312 - SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY MODULE 2