Week 3 3rd Quarter PDF

WEEK 3 3RD QUARTER DAY 1 John Dalton and the Concept of Chemical Elements The Concept of Atoms  Learning Competency At the end of this lesson, the given DepEd learning competency should be met by the students. Explain how the concept of atomic number led to the synthesis of new elements in the...

WEEK 3 3RD QUARTER DAY 1 John Dalton and the Concept of Chemical Elements The Concept of Atoms  Learning Competency At the end of this lesson, the given DepEd learning competency should be met by the students. Explain how the concept of atomic number led to the synthesis of new elements in the laboratory (S11/12PS-IIIb-11).  Learning Objectives At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to do the following: Point out the main ideas in the discovery of the structure of the atom and its subatomic particles. Cite the contribution of John Dalton toward the understanding of the concept of the chemical elements. Explain how Dalton’s theory contributed to the discovery of other elements.  Learn about It Atoms Leucippus and Democritus proposed that matter is composed of atoms. John Dalton made the very first scientific theory of atoms. John Dalton expound the idea into his Atomic Theory.  Learn about It Dalton’s Atomic Model Billiard ball model  Learn about It Atoms Antoine Lavoisier formulated the Law Of Conservation Of Mass. What is Law of Conservation of Mass?  This law states that, in an isolated system, mass could neither be created nor destroyed.  Learn about It Dalton’s Atomic Theory 3 Major Postulates Matter is made up of very small and indivisible atoms. Atoms of the same elements have the same properties. What about different elements? Atoms cannot be created nor destroyed. These can only be combined, separated or rearranged. Atoms of the same or different elements may combine with each other in a fixed, whole number ratio. Learn about It LAWS USED BY DALTON  Learn about It Laws Used by Dalton Law of Definite Proportion This law states that a chemical compound is formed by elements in fixed mass ratios.  Learn about It Laws Used by Dalton Law of Multiple Proportions It states that when two or more elements can form multiple combinations, the ratio of the elements in those compounds can be expressed in small, whole numbers.  Learn about It Laws Used by Dalton Law of Multiple Proportions CO vs. CO2  Learn about It Modern Atomic Theory Matter is composed of atoms. Atoms of the same elements generally have the same properties. However, there are isotopes which are atoms of the same element differing in the number of neutrons.  Learn about It Modern Atomic Theory Atoms cannot be created nor destroyed. These can only be combined, separated or rearranged. Atoms of the same or different elements may combine with each other in a fixed, whole number ratio.  Learn about It Elements Elements are composed of just one atom with different properties. Jöns Jacob Berzelius made use of symbols to represent elements. Dmitri Mendeleev arranged elements in the periodic table. The Atomic Number and the Synthesis of New Elements  Learning Competency At the end of this lesson, the given DepEd learning competency should be met by the students. Explain how the concept of atomic number led to the synthesis of new elements in the laboratory (S11/12PS-IIIb-11).  Learning Objective At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to explain how the concept of atomic number led to the synthesis of new elements in the laboratory A linear particle accelerator used to create new elements. How does the advancement in chemistry lead to the synthesis of new and existing elements?  Learn about It Scientists Explained the Structure of the Atom  Learn about It Scientists Explained the Structure of the Atom Dalton’s Billiard Ball Model It depicts atoms as solid, indivisible spheres, similar to billiard balls.  Learn about It Scientists Explained the Structure of the Atom Thomson’s Plum Pudding Model It as a sphere of positive charge with electrons scattered throughout.  Learn about It Scientists Explained the Structure of the Atom Rutherford’s Planetary Model The atom as having a small, dense core called the nucleus, surrounded by electrons that orbit the nucleus.  Learn about It Scientists Explained the Structure of the Atom Bohr’s Model of the Hydrogen Atom It as a positively charged nucleus, comprised of protons and neutrons, surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud.  Learn about It Scientists Explained the Structure of the Atom Schrodinger’s Electron Cloud Model a model of the atom that depicts electrons as a cloud around the nucleus.  Learn about It The Arrangement of the Elements  Learn about It The Arrangement of the Elements Johann Dobereiner made use of Triads. Dobereiner's law of triads states that the atomic mass of the middle element in a triad is roughly equal to the average of the atomic masses of the first and third elements.  Learn about It The Arrangement of the Elements Johann Dobereiner made use of Triads.  Learn about It The Arrangement of the Elements John Newlands made use of Octaves. Ordered the elements in increasing order of atomic mass and noticed that every eighth element exhibited similar properties.  Learn about It The Arrangement of the Elements John Newlands made use of Octaves. Ordered the elements in increasing order of atomic mass and noticed that every eighth element exhibited similar properties.  Learn about It The Arrangement of the Elements Dmitri Mendeleev arranged elements by increasing atomic weights. Dmitri is considered as the Father of the Periodic Table.  Learn about It The Arrangement of the Elements Henry Moseley made use of spectroscopic data that lead him to arrange elements by increasing atomic number.  Learn about It Atomic Number The atomic number is also known as the Z number. The Z came from the German word, “Zahl.” It means number. The atomic number corresponds to the number of protons. Electronegativity  Learn about It Electronegativity Electronegativity (𝛘) is the measure of the ability of an atom to attract bonding pairs of electrons.  Learn about It Electronegativity Linus Pauling developed a numerical scale of electronegativity of selected representative elements in the periodic table. Linus Pauling (1901–1994)  Learn about It Electronegativity The general trend of electronegativity values increases across the periods (i.e. from left to right) and decreases within the groups (i.e. from top to bottom).  Learn about It Electronegativity Pauling’s electronegativity values based on thermochemical data  Try It! Calculate the electronegativity difference in the H-H bond.  Try It! (Answer) Calculate the electronegativity difference in the H-H bond. The electronegativity difference on the H-H bond is 0.00.  Check Your Understanding Calculate the electronegativity difference for the following bonds. 1. H-Cl 4. Al-Ge 7. Sc-Sb 10. Sr-Sn 2. C-O 5. N-O 8. He-O 11. Ne-Mt 3. P-Cl 6. Dy-Ta 9. Lu-Hf