Protein Synthesis & Mutations Quiz PDF

Protein Synthesis & Mutations Quiz 1. Transcription of the DNA sequence AAGCTGGGA would most directly result in which of the following? a. a sequence of three amino acids, linked by peptide bonds b. a DNA strand with the sequence TTCGACCCT c. a mRNA strand with the...

Protein Synthesis & Mutations Quiz 1. Transcription of the DNA sequence AAGCTGGGA would most directly result in which of the following? a. a sequence of three amino acids, linked by peptide bonds b. a DNA strand with the sequence TTCGACCCT c. a mRNA strand with the sequence TTCGACCCT d. a mRNA strand with the sequence UUCGACCCU 2. The function of transfer RNA (tRNA) is to a. unzip the double helix so transcription can begin. b. retrieve amino acids from the cytoplasm for protein building. c. carry genetic information to the ribosomes. d. produce a complementary strand of DNA. 3. A mutation is a change in an organism’s DNA. Using your understanding of biology, what would most likely cause a mutation? a. The placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum b. The insertion of a nucleotide into DNA c. The movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus d. The release of messenger RNA from DNA 4. A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed of only one amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate? a. Most proteins contain only one type of amino acid. b. Protein synthesis malfunctions in test tubes. c. The amino acid phenylalanine is composed of uracil. d. UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine. 5. The sequence of DNA ATCAGCGCTGGC is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment? a. 4 b. 8 c. 12 d. 20 6. In order to determine the molecular sequence of a gene for a protein, which molecule should be analyzed? a. tRNA b. ATP c. DNA d. rRNA 7. Which bonds must be broken in order to separate the strands of DNA during transcription? a. covalent bonds b. ionic bonds c. peptide bonds d. hydrogen bonds 8. Four different segments of a DNA molecule are represented below. Which segment has a mutation? Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 T-A-G-G-C G-G-T-G-A G-A-T-T-A C-A-A-T-G A-T-C-C-G C-C-A-C-T C-C-A-A-T G-T-T-A-C a. segment 1 only b. segment 3 only c. segment 2 and 3 d. segment 2 and 4 9. A diagram of a cellular process is shown to the right. Which of the following identifies the process shown at point Z? a. Translation b. Translocation c. Replication d. Transcription 10. Which of the following is the site of translation eukaryotes? a. Golgi b. Nucleus c. Vacuole d. Cytoplasm 11. The figure to the right shows an RNA molecule found within the cell. What does the letter P represent in this nucleotide? a. peptide group b. nitrogen base c. phosphate group d. deoxyribose sugar 12. Although there are a limited number of amino acids, many different types of proteins exist because the a. size of a given amino acid can vary. b. chemical composition of a given amino acid can vary. c. sequence and number of amino acids is different. d. same amino acid can have many different properties. 13. During transcription, what function does messenger RNA carry? a. It delivers DNA’s instructions for making proteins. b. It constructs proteins out of random amino acids. c. It joins together two complementary RNA strands. d. It forms part of the ribosomes. 14. Which of the following is not a characteristic of RNA? a. It is an intermediate link between DNA in the nucleus and protein synthesis. b. It is composed of adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil nucleotides. c. It is a permanent copy of a segment of DNA. d. It is composed of a single strand of nucleotides. 15. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation. The original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Use the codon table to determine whether or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype of the organism. a. The phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded for. b. The phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA sequence will cause a change in phenotype. c. Even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so no change in phenotype will occur. d. It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the DNA sequence. 16. Translate the following RNA strand AUG-CCC-GAG-UGA-ACC a. Met-Pro-Glu-STOP b. Ile-Pro-Asp-Trp- Thr c. Met-Pro-Gly-Cys-STOP d. Ile-Thr-His-Cys-Ser 17. How do the functions of DNA and RNA differ?  a. DNA stores genetic information, while RNA relays genetic information for protein synthesis. b. DNA aids in energy production, while RNA directs protein transport. c. DNA relays genetic information for protein synthesis, while RNA stores genetic information. d. DNA directs protein transport, while RNA aids in energy production. 18. A frameshift mutation in a gene encoding a protein usually a. results in a mutation in which only one single amino acid is changed in the protein. b. results in the production of a nonfunctional peptide. c. affects the mRNA but not the peptide. d. improves the function of the encoded protein. 19. Use the figure to the right to answer the following question. The building blocks of molecule 3 illustrated above are known as a. DNA molecules b. fatty acids. c. amino acids d. RNA molecules 20. How much DNA is copied for protein synthesis? a. 1 Chromosome b. Entire DNA c. 1 Gene d. 1 Codon 21. All of the following are nitrogen bases in protein synthesis EXCEPT: a. Adenine b. guanine c. uracil d. thymine 22. Which type of mutation has the biggest effect on an organism’s phenotype? a. gene mutation b. chromosomal mutation c. point mutation d. non-coding mutation 23. Which type of cell would a mutation need to happen in to be seen in the offspring? a. somatic cell b. body cell c. skin cell d. gamete cell