Proposal Writing PDF

PROPOSAL WRITING Course Title: English-B Course Code: ENG-301 OVERVIEW: The following topics will be covered in this lecture: Introduction, Research Mythologies, Final Section Objective: Students will be able to understand How to write proposal research Main heading of proposal writing Steps o...

PROPOSAL WRITING Course Title: English-B Course Code: ENG-301 OVERVIEW: The following topics will be covered in this lecture: Introduction, Research Mythologies, Final Section Objective: Students will be able to understand How to write proposal research Main heading of proposal writing Steps of proposal writing  Abstract Section 1: Introduction CONTENTS 1.1: Background 1.2: Statement of the problem 1.3: Objectives of the study 1.4: Research Question 1.5: Justification 1.6: Limitation 1.7: Scope 1.8: Elaborate Section II: Methodology 2.1: Research Design 2.2: Population 2.3:Sampe and Sampling Method 2.4: Plan of Analysis Section III: Final section 3.1: Research Timeline 3:2: References Definition of Proposal Writing: Proposal research is a written document that outlines a plan for conducting a research project. It serves as a proposal to a potential sponsor, institution, or funding agency, seeking approval or funding for the research. The proposal presents the research problem or question, the objectives, methodology, timeline, and expected outcomes, demonstrating how the study will contribute to existing knowledge or address a specific issue. Section: I INTROUCTI ON 1.1: Background: The background of the study is the first section of a research paper and gives context surrounding the research topic. The background explains to the reader where your research journey started, why you got interested in the topic, and how you developed the research question that you will later specify. 1.2: Statement of the problem: A statement of the problem is a concise summary of the issue that a research project will address. It's the first and most important step in any research project, and it serves as the basis for the introductory section of the project proposal. 1.3: Objectives of the study: The objective of research is to describe what the research aims to achieve, and to define the scope and direction of the research. 1.4: Research Question: A research question is the main question that a research project or study aims to answer. It's a crucial part of any research paper, thesis, or dissertation, and is often the starting point for the entire project. 1.5: Justification: Research justification, also known as the rationale, is the explanation for why a study is being conducted. It's an important part of research because it: Explains why the research is being done Shows gaps in previous studies Allows the researcher to explore those gaps Helps the audience understand why the research is important 1.6: Limitation of the study: The limitation of the study refers to the constraints or restrictions that may affect the scope, methodology, or results of the research. 1.7: Scope: The scope of the study in research defines the boundaries of the research, specifying what is included and excluded in the study. It outlines the focus, extent, and parameters of the research to give readers a clear understanding of what to expect. 1.8: Elaborate the key words: Keywords are essential terms or phrases that represent the core ideas, topics, or concepts explored in a study. They help readers and databases identify the main focus of the research, making it easier to locate relevant studies. Section:II Methodolo gy: 2.1: Research Design: Research design is the overall framework or blueprint for conducting a research study. It outlines the methods and procedures that will be used to collect, analyze, and interpret data to answer the research questions or test hypotheses. A good research design ensures the study is systematic, efficient, and addresses its objectives effectively. 2.2: Population: Term population refers to the entire group of individuals, objects, or events that share a common characteristic and are the focus of a study. It represents the set from which researchers draw their samples to collect data and make inferences. 2.3: Sample and Sampling Method: A sample is a subset of individuals, objects, or units selected from a larger population for the purpose of conducting a research study. The sample represents a smaller, manageable group that can be studied to draw conclusions about the entire population. A sampling method refers to the technique or procedure used to select the sample from the population. The choice of sampling method impacts the quality of the sample and the results. Types of Sampling Methods: Probability Sampling: Every individual in the population has a known, non-zero chance of being selected. Simple Random Sampling: Every individual has an equal chance of being selected. Systematic Sampling: Every nth individual from a list is selected. Stratified Sampling: The population is divided into subgroups (strata), and random samples are taken from each stratum. Cluster Sampling: The population is divided into clusters, some of which are randomly selected, and all individuals within the selected clusters are surveyed. Non-Probability Sampling: Not every individual has a chance of being selected, and the selection process is based on subjective judgment or convenience. Convenience Sampling: The sample is selected based on ease of access. Judgmental or Purposive Sampling: The researcher selects individuals who they believe are most representative or knowledgeable about the subject. Quota Sampling: The researcher selects a specific number of participants from various subgroups without random selection. 2.4: Plan of Analysis: A plan of analysis is a detailed strategy outlining the methods and techniques that will be used to process, examine, and interpret the data collected during a research study. It ensures that the data will be analyzed systematically. Section:III Final Section 3.1: Research Timeline: A research timeline is a structured plan that outlines the key stages of a research project and the estimated time needed to complete each stage. It helps organize the workflow, set deadlines, and ensure that the research is completed on schedule. A well-defined timeline ensures that all aspects of the study are carefully planned and executed. 3.2: References: References in research refer to the sources of information that you have cited, quoted, or referred to in your study. These sources provide evidence, support for your claims, and background information for your research. Proper referencing is essential to give credit to the original authors, avoid plagiarism, and allow readers to verify your sources. Key Aspects of References in Research: Citation Styles: There are several standardized formats for citing references. The most common ones include: APA (American Psychological Association): Often used in the social sciences. MLA (Modern Language Association): Common in humanities and literature.  REFERENCES https://www.enago.com/academy/scope-and-delimitations/#:~:text=What%20is%20scope%20in%20research,of %20what%20will%20be%20investigated. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/research-proposal The End!