Prokaryotes PowerPoint 2025 PDF

 DOMAIN BACTERIA PROKARYOTES (Lack Nuclei or Membrane-Bound Organelles) ARCHAEA EUKARYA EUKARYOTES  KINGDOM BACTERIA EUBACTERIA ARCHAEBACTERI ARCHAEA...

 DOMAIN BACTERIA PROKARYOTES (Lack Nuclei or Membrane-Bound Organelles) ARCHAEA EUKARYA EUKARYOTES  KINGDOM BACTERIA EUBACTERIA ARCHAEBACTERI ARCHAEA A PROTISTA PLANTAE EUKARYA ANAMALIA FUNGI  ARCHAEA aka extremophiles  prokaryotes that are found in environments that are ‘extreme’; salt flats, deep sea vents, hot springs, etc.  BACTERIA Domain: Bacteria Kingdom: Eubacteria Prokaryotic and Unicellular Defining feature of domain: peptidoglycan in the cell wall Mostly heterotrophic Some autotrophs  cyanobacteria Morphology Arrangemen t  Bacteria Cell BacteriaTypes can be separated into two major groups. Gram Gram positive negative This is determined by performing a Gram stain.  All bacteria have peptidoglycan in the cell wall. peptidoglyca n The position of peptidoglycan in the cell wall determines if it is Gram positive or gram negative.  Before staining, the bacteria are colorless. A Gram stain will result in either purple or red stain. purple = positive red = negative Cyanobacteria – aka blue-green algae (but not really) gram negative bacteria autotrophs  photosynthetic phycobilin = pigment that gives blue-green color We will look at these Genera in lab: Anabaena Oscillatoria Merismopedia Biological Importance of Cyanobacteria https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dO2xx-aeZ4w Responsible for an oxygen rich atmosphere Nitrogen fixation Rapid reproduction – noxious bloom forming Produce toxins High levels of proteins (nutritious)  Anabaena spp. colony shape: filamentous cell types vegetative- barrel-shaped cells heterocyst for N fixation; clear, large, round akinete densely packed w/spore- like reproductive cells; larger and oval Symbiotic Relationship #1 Azolla = water/mosquito fern Anabaena = cyanobacteria Make sugar from photosynthesis The cyanobacteria lives in the water near the roots of the mosquito fern. Fix N into a usable form  Oscillatoria spp. “oscillate” colony shape: filamentous; protected by mucilaginous sheaths cell types trichomes (vegetative) hormogonia formed by necrotic discs (asexual reproduction via fragmentation) Merismopedia spp. colony shape: mat-forming encased in gelatinous matrix Symbiotic Relationships with Plants Nitrogen is essential for plants. Plants cannot use nitrogen from the air (N2). Rely on nitrogen fixation by bacteria (turn N2 into NH3. We will observe two examples in lab: 1. Azolla and Anabaena (when available) 2. Root Nodule and Rhizobium Symbiotic Relationship #2 Make sugar from photosynthesis Rhizobiu Clover m Fix N into a usable form