Teaching Styles PDF

Teaching styles Dr. Heba Helmy Abo Elnaga, MD Professor and head of pulmonary medicine department Faculty of medicine, OGU By the end of this session you will be able to: State your opinion about learning styles; Learn about 5 classic teaching styles; Formulate 3 components of healthy...

Teaching styles Dr. Heba Helmy Abo Elnaga, MD Professor and head of pulmonary medicine department Faculty of medicine, OGU By the end of this session you will be able to: State your opinion about learning styles; Learn about 5 classic teaching styles; Formulate 3 components of healthy classroom environment that will help you motivate your students The VAK model The VAK model is divided in three different learning styles depending on the way each one receives and processes the information. VISUAL SEE IT AUDITORY HEAR IT KINESTHETIC DO IT Learning Styles What's your Learning Style? Myth or reality? Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=855Now8h5Rs Video title on youtube: Learning styles & the importance of critical self- reflection | Tesia Marshik | TEDxUWLaCrosse No two teachers are alike, and any teacher with classroom teaching experience will agree that their style of teaching is uniquely their own. TEACHING STYLE? 1. Authority, or lecture style The authority model is teacher-centered and frequently entails lengthy lecture sessions or one-way presentations. Students are expected to take notes or absorb information. This style is acceptable for certain higher-education disciplines and auditorium settings with large groups of students. The pure lecture style is most suitable for subjects like history that necessitate memorization of key facts, dates, names, etc. It is a questionable model for teaching children because there is little or no interaction with the teacher. 2. Personal Model/Demonstrator, or coach style The demonstrator retains the formal authority role while allowing teachers to demonstrate their expertise by showing students what they need to know. This style gives teachers opportunities to incorporate a variety of formats including lectures, multimedia presentations and demonstrations. Although it's well-suited for teaching mathematics, music, physical education, arts and crafts, it is difficult to accommodate students' individual needs in larger classrooms. 3. Facilitator, or activity style Facilitators promote self-learning and help students develop critical thinking skills and retain knowledge that leads to self-actualization. This style trains students to ask questions and helps develop skills to find answers and solutions through exploration; it is ideal for teaching science and similar subjects. Challenges teacher to interact with students and prompt them toward discovery rather than lecturing facts and testing knowledge through memorization. 5. Hybrid, or blended style GAMES! … follows an integrated approach to teaching that blends the teachers’ personality and interests with students’ needs and curriculum-appropriate methods. Achieves the inclusive approach of combining teaching style clusters and enables teachers to tailor their styles to student needs and appropriate subject matter. Hybrid style runs the risk of trying to be too many things to all students, prompting teachers to spread themselves too thin and dilute learning. Five Common Teaching Styles 1. The Authority/ Lecture Style 2. The Demonstrator/ Coach Style 3. The Facilitator Style 4. The Delegator Style 5. The Hybrid Style 1. The Authority/ Lecture Style ► The model of this teaching style is the Teacher-Centered approach. Whereby the teacher will give a lengthy, one way discussion while the students take notes and memorize key pieces of information. EX: Traditional method of teaching. 2. The Demonstrator/ Coach Style ►The teacher as a demonstrator are able to show knowledge include activities and demonstration. Ex: P.E Class and TLE class 3. The Facilitator Style ► The model of this method is the student-centered teaching approach to learning. It promotes self learning, self-actualization and critical thinking skills. The teacher act as a facilitator. Ex: Activity Based Teaching 4. The Delegator Style ► It is also known as "Group Method". The teacher act as a delegator, becoming an observer to promote peer collaboration and encourage student- to-student learning. Ex: group work, lab-based learning or peer feedback 5. The Hybrid Style ► It is also known as a blended teaching style. Where it combine the face-to- face class and the online class just to provide the student interest and student academic needs. Ex: New-Normal Mode of learning Classroom Management Styles Baumrind (71) What is you preferred style to managing student behavior? Classroom Management Styles Baumrind (71) What is you preferred style to managing student behavior? High Control Authoritarian Authoritative Direct Instruction Strict Enforcement Firm but Fair Assigned seats Quiet Considers Consequences Class Discussions Positive Feedback ? Low Involvement Low Control Permissive Indulgent Teacher doesn't really prepare a class lesson Students do what they want Teacher comes to class prepared Shows moves during class Knows nothing about the students Cannot maintain order Students are in charge of class Teacher deeply cares High Involvement Anthony F. Grasha a noted professor of psychology at the University of Cincinnati, is credited with developing the classic five teaching styles. (1996) He developed a teaching style inventory that has since been adopted and modified by followers. Expert Similar to a coach, experts share knowledge, demonstrate their expertise, advise students and provide feedback to improve understanding and promote learning. Formal authority Authoritative teachers incorporate the traditional lecture format and share many of the same characteristics as experts, but with less student interaction. Personal model Incorporates blended teaching styles that match the best techniques with the appropriate learning scenarios and students in an adaptive format. Facilitator Designs participatory learning activities and manages classroom projects while providing information and offering feedback to facilitate critical thinking. Delegator Organizes group learning, observes students, provides consultation, and promotes interaction between groups and among individuals to achieve learning objectives. Although he developed specific teaching styles, Grasha warned against boxing teachers into a single category. Instead, he advocated that teachers play multiple roles in the classroom. He believed most teachers possess some combination of all or most of the classic teaching styles. What is teaching style? Instructors develop a teaching style based on their beliefs about what constitutes good teaching, personal preferences, their abilities, and the norms of the particular discipline. Grasha (1996) defines teaching style as a particular pattern of needs, beliefs, and behaviors that teachers display in the classroom. Some believe classes should be teacher-centered, where the teacher is expert and authority in presenting information. Others take a learner-centered approach, viewing their role as more of a facilitator of student learning. Remain focused on your teaching objectives and avoid trying to be all things to all students! Education authors Harry and Rosemary Wong declare: "successful teachers share three common characteristics": effective classroom management skills lesson mastery positive expectations All instructors, when developing their teaching styles, should keep in mind these three goals, as well as the primary objective of education: student learning. Classroom Management Skills CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT 3 R's Classroom Environment Relationships Resources Routines 1. Relationships What does it mean to 'understand learners'? Think of a foreign language you have studied in the past: what motivated you to learn? What motivates your learners to learn English? Getting to know your learners helps you to find out more about what motivates them. How do you get to know new classes/learners quickly? (activities?) /ræ'por/ Rapport a relationship in which people like, understand, and respect each other. The doctor had an excellent rapport with his patients. How has the teacher built this lesson around the students' interests? What kind of relationship she has with this class? You might not be able to plan every lesson around the interests of your learners, but there are some things you can always do to build rapport and create a good relationship with your learners. Choose your attitude You need to be friendly but professional. Remember that your students don't want you as a friend, but want to respect you as a teacher. Show them from the outset that you expect them to work hard in your class, but that it can be enjoyable. Use names Yes, it can be difficult with a large class to learn names quickly, but using your learners' names shows that you see them as individuals and creates bonds. Listen Really listen to the messages in what your learners say, not just the English that they produce. Try to avoid unnecessary 'echoing', or simply repeating what learners say and be aware of the amount of time you spend talking in a class. Avoid over-correcting  Teachers who correct learners every time they speak run the risk of damaging learner confidence and breaking down rapport. Of course, learners need correcting at times, and when this is done supportively it can increase trust between learner and teacher. Stand tall Work on your voice and body language so that you appear confident, even if you really don't feel it. Your voice needs to be loud and clear. Stand straight in front of the class, and don't hide behind a desk. Activities-suggestions POSTER: what kind of teacher do you want? WEEKLY REFLECTIONS: write down and share in small groups 2+ and 1- events in their lives. "ALL ABOUT ME" BAG: few objects that reveal things or are special to them, share with the class. 4 SQUARES: give time to write; Stand up and share box 1 with a partner "I AM" PROJECT: (poster, poem, top 10 list; slideshow) sentence starters to spur their thinking skills "I am happy when..." Like about school My family Places I've visited Dislike about school Get-to-know you activities o Extra resources from British Councils How important is a comfortable classroom? Research by Reinisch: comfort = "most necessary" 775 4th-8th graders: the following elements to a good learning environment: A clean classroom Artwork and wall decorations A classroom pet Tips on how to help young children feel safe and more at ease in the classroom: Have group activities where children are encouraged to decorate the classroom together. Install a large bulletin board and encourage students to bring photos of their family and pets to pin on the board. Children should also be encouraged to bring and share items of cultural significance to display. Hold an orientation early in the school year where parents are invited to the classroom. This will serve as an icebreaker and help the classroom environment feel less strange. Flexible Learning Spaces What might scare teachers in flexible classrooms? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_x4OLsfReQ Video Title on Youtube: Flexible Learning Environments 3. Routines The key to getting your classroom to run smoothly and minimize behavior issues is to establish procedures and routines. This takes significant work and practice in the beginning TEACHING AND LEARNING STYLES Dr. Heba Helmy Abo Elnaga, MD Professor and head of pulmonary medicine department Faculty of medicine, OGU Objectives of the session We all will- Understand Teaching Styles. Understand Learning Styles. Discuss why students have difficulty in learning. Learn about matching teaching and learning. We are aware- No two teachers are alike, their style of teaching is uniquely their own. An effective teaching style engages students in the learning process and helps them develop critical thinking skills. What are Teaching Styles? A set of teaching tactics -(Galton et al, 1980) Instructional format -(Siedentop, 1991). the general pattern created by using a particular set of strategies Teacher Personality Present experience/training/skill Knowledge of the activity Activity Level of Danger Level of Difficulty Type of skills involved, classification, organization Learner Age, Maturity Level of skill, ability, knowledge Level of interest, motivation Situation learning environment Facilities and equipment Time FORMAL AUTHORITY Teachers who have a formal authority teaching style tend to focus on content. This style is generally teacher-centred, where the teacher feels responsible for providing and controlling the flow of the content. The student is expected to receive the content. DEMONSTRATOR OR PERSONAL MODEL Teachers who have a demonstrator or personal model teaching style tend to run teacher-centred classes with an emphasis on demonstration and modelling. This type of teacher acts as a role model by demonstrating skills and processes and then as a coach/guide in helping students develop and apply these skills and knowledge. FACILITATOR Teachers who have a facilitator model teaching style tend to focus on activities. This teaching style emphasizes student-centred learning and there is much more responsibility placed on the students to take the initiative for meeting the demands of various learning tasks. DELEGATOR Teachers who have a delegator teaching style tend to place much control and responsibility for learning on individuals or groups of students. What is LEARNing? Learning is a process of acquiring knowledge or skills through study, experience or teaching. -www.wikipedia.org A change in neural function as a consequence of experience is learning. -www.medaus.com What is a Learning Style? A preference to grasp the things. It is the way we perceive and process things the best. We all have our own preferred method of learning and that is our learning style. WHAT'S YOUR LEARNING STYLE? Learning styles It refer to a range of competing and contested theories that aim to account for differences in individuals' learning. These theories propose that all people can be classified according to their 'style' of learning, although the various theories present differing views on how the styles should be defined and categorised. A common concept is that individuals differ in how they learn. Learning Styles Understanding learning style of your student may be the key to help you to improve your classroom performance How do you Learn Best?? I am working in a small group I am not just listening, but also doing I have time to discuss ideas with others I am not hungry! I learn best when... I am taught by an enthusiastic and passionate teacher I have opportunities to be creative I have things to look at and listen to I am motivated by the subject I am given hands on, practical experiences I have positive relationships with my peers and teachers I am working towards a set goal When you were a student.... I only learn what's is necessary to my survival! How did you come to terms with what you have to learn?  We remember 20% of what we HEAR We remember 30% of what we SEE We remember 50% of what we SEE & HEAR We remember 90% of what we SAY & DO Learning Styles ✓ Auditory ✓ Visual ✓ Kinesthetic How we learn... Visual Auditory Kinesthetic ✓ I hear, I forget ✓ I see, I remember ✓ I do, I understand Auditory learners Auditory learners often talk to themselves. They also may move their lips and read out loud. They may have difficulty with reading and writing tasks. They often do better talking to a colleague or a tape recorder and hearing what was said. To integrate this style into the learning environment: Visual learners Visual learners have two sub-channels - linguistic and spatial. Learners who are visual-linguistic like to learn through written language, such as reading and writing tasks. They remember what has been written down, even if they do not read it more than once. They like to write down directions and pay better attention to lectures if they watch them. They easily visualize faces and places by using their imagination and seldom get lost in new surroundings. They remember what has been written down, even if they do not read it more than once. They like to write down directions and pay better attention to lectures if they watch them. Kinaesthetic learners Kinaesthetic learners do best while touching and moving. It also has two sub-channels: kinaesthetic (movement) and tactile (touch). They tend to lose concentration if there is little or no external stimulation or movement. When listening to lectures they may want to take notes for the sake of moving their hands. When reading, they like to scan the material first, and then focus in on the details They typically use colour high lighters and take notes by drawing pictures, diagrams, or doodling. tppt.com TEACHING STYLES AND STRATEGIES RYAN BANOW, GMCte UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN OUTLINE 1. Teaching styles 2. Class wide strategies 3. Day to day strategies TEACHING STYLES Teaching Perspectives Inventory breaks teaching down into five perspectives 1. Transmission 2. Apprenticeship 3. Developmental 4. Nurturing 5. Social Reform http://www.teachingperspectives.com/drupal/tpi/summary-five-perspectives TEACHING STYLES Another breakdown of teaching styles is Formal Authority Demonstrator Model Facilitator Delegator http://www.biz.colostate.edu/mti/tips/pages/WhatisYourTeachingStyle.aspx TEACHING STYLES Even simpler breakdown Teacher-Centred vs. Student-Centred TEACHER-CENTRED Low level of student choice Students are "passive" Power is primarily with teacher Focused on transmission of content STUDENT-CENTRED High level of student choice Students are active Power is primarily with student Focused primarily on conceptual change in learners TEACHING STYLES Determine the strategies that you are comfortable using Difficult to jump between styles Match your personality CLASS WIDE STRATEGIES Lecture Experiential Learning Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Inquiry-Based Learning Cooperative Learning Flipped Teaching DAY TO DAY TEACHING STRATEGIES Case studies Role-plays and simulations Think-Pair-Share Pyramids Jigsaws Discussion (and discussion circles) Debate Modelling expert problem solving MIX IT UP Try different strategies Be authentic with students Talk to other colleagues Visit colleagues' classes GET STUDENTS INVOLVED "Tell me and I will forget Show me and I will remember Involve me and I will understand Step back and I will act." -Chinese proverb SUMMARY: FOCUS ON THE OBJECTIVES What should students be able to do? Does your teaching strategy lead to this ability?