Presentation2-Q-1-week-2.pptx

Genres and Sub-genres of Literature: Elements and Structure Genres and Sub-genres of Literature: Elements and Structure A. Poetry Poetry is one of the earliest genres of literature. It was either recited or sang back to prehistoric times to call for help from a deity, narrate a hero’s life and...

Genres and Sub-genres of Literature: Elements and Structure Genres and Sub-genres of Literature: Elements and Structure A. Poetry Poetry is one of the earliest genres of literature. It was either recited or sang back to prehistoric times to call for help from a deity, narrate a hero’s life and victories, tell about the love story of their rulers, or describe someone who inspires them. In order to understand or even write a good poem, you must know the elements of poetry: 1. Rhyme – it is the identical rhyme if the last words or sounds match each other. alliteration : followed, flats, front bother, back assonance: big, slipper picked, slimy 2. Meter – it is also called the rhythm in poetry. It is the pattern of beats ( foot) (stressed and unstressed syllables in a line). It is also called foot. There are four basic rhythms in poetry: 2.1 Iamb -unstressed / stressed (buh BUH ) buh BUH / buh BUH Today, / we live / 2.2. Trochee- stressed / unstressed (BUH buh) BUH buh BUH buh BUH buh Captain / it’s gone / hold it 2.3. Anapest- unstressed / unstressed / stressed. ( buh buh BUH ) buh buh BUH buh buh BUH If I cry / If I leave/ 2.4. Dactyl- stressed / unstressed / unstressed (BUH buh buh ) BUH buh buh / BUH buh buh / BUH buh 3. Imagery and Symbolism The beauty of poetry is on the carefully chosen words that rhyme and the lines and stanzas with uniform rhythm. Poetry must also employ figurative language to creatively express emotions, feeling and ideas. Here are the commonly used literary devices in poetry: Here are the commonly used literary devices in poetry: To appreciate and write a good poem, it is also essential to know its structure. Poems are written in lines that comprise a stanza. Thus, each type of poem differs from each other because of its structure. To identify a poem’s structure is to count the lines of every stanza: Couplet - 2 lines Tercet - 3 lines Quatrain - 4 lines Cinquain - 5 lines Sestet - 6 lines Septet - 7 lines The given poem is free-verse and unmetered. It has no rhythm but it uses alliteration, assonance, repetition, and symbolism. alliteration: followed, flats, front bother, back dived, direction horizon, hiding perhaps, parrotfish assonance: big, slipper picked, slimy body, forgot, to symbols: moon - dreams to be fulfilled, fulfilled dreams, inspiration horizon - a place to find or to keep your dreams, a place which promises good fortune or good life parrotfish - a gay/ LGBTQ member because of its color - an ungrateful person - someone passive - someone who has a very colourful life - an experienced person - a person who picks up someone else’s trash B. Fiction Fiction is a story of make believe. It is a story made by the author’s creative imagination. It has various sub-genres like mystery, fantasy, suspense, historical fiction science fiction, realistic fiction and folklore (myths, fables, legends). Now, you will read a legend that tells how a great lake was formed. It was retold by one of the writer’s former senior high school student who lived a in village near Lake Sebu. The following are the elements of short story according to Freytag: 1. Exposition tells about the background of the story. The information can be about the setting, characters’ back stories, or historical contexts. 2. Rising action is the part of the story after the characters and setting are introduced and events in the story begin to reveal probable conflicts that the protagonist must resolve. It also involves events that lead to the climax of the story. 3. Climax is the highest point of tension in the story. It is usually the most interesting part. 4. Falling action is the part of a story after the climax and before the very end. 5. The denouement is the final outcome of the story and it is where other secrets are revealed, if there is any. The setting includes the time or period and place where the event happened. The characters are the persons/ animals/ or any inanimate object that functions as the protagonist, antagonist and other minor entities that perform the actions, speak dialogue and moving the story along a plot line. Conflict creates tension in the story and it involves the struggle of between two opposing forces/ characters, usually the protagonist and the antagonist. Conflict can be internal and external. Internal conflict is a psychological conflict which arises when the character experiences two opposite emotions (like love and hate, patriotism and devotion) or aspirations ( like career and marriage, fame and peace of mind) which usually involves good and evil. C. Non- fiction: Memoir Nonfiction is a literary genre that tells about stories that actually happen in real life. The subgenres of literary nonfiction are biography, memoir, autobiography, journals, diaries, periodicals and references. These works of literary nonfiction have character, setting, plot, conflict, figurative language, and theme just like literary fiction, fiction and thriller or suspense. To interpret fiction, we must analyze and interpret using the elements of fiction. D. Drama A script may only come to existence once it is performed before an audience. Its basic elements include the literary element (script), technical element (scenery set, make-up, costume, lights, and sound) performance element (acting, character analysis, character motivation…) A script is a written text of a play. It is consist of the dialogues or words that will be spoken by the actors and the stage directions which give instructions about the position and movement of the actors and other aspects of the set. The technical element of a play is complicated. It includes scenery set, make-up,  A scenery set can be chair, a house or a forest and other properties used to identify the location and period of the dramatic production. Make-up is used in drama to aid the actors in taking the appropriate appearance of the character they play. Costumes are clothes, garments or attires worn by actors on stage to aid dramatic actions and interpretations. There various types of lights used on stage. It provides not only visibility of the actors but also creates and enhance the mood and atmosphere  Sound can be produced by actors or by props, musical instruments, and recorded music and effects that can help engage the audience and bring them into another time. Performance element includes acting, character analysis and character motivation. Acting is the enactment of an actor or actress who portrays a character, character analysis is evaluating the character’s traits, his/ her role in the story, and the conflicts they experience, character motivation is the element that drives the character to achieve his goal. The New Genres of Literature The various genres of literature and its sub-genres changes through time. The invention of electricity, use of electronics and other modern technology affected how people view life and express themselves differently from their contemporaries 10 years, 20 years, or a hundred years ago. Technology made our lives easier than the last decade. It made people work fast. Beating deadlines and presenting marketing and management strategies creatively. These changes have also brought new literary genres that gave us new avenues of expressing ourselves; like cell phones and computer screens. These new genres include mobile textula, hyperpoetry, 1. Hyperpoetry- It is poetry uploaded in the internet. Its medium is the computer screen 2. Mobile Textula - It is a short poetry in a form of tanaga, that is sent through SMS on mobile phone. It consists of 4 lines with 7 syllables using (/)to end a line and (//) to end the stanza. 3.Flash Fiction – It is telling a story in a few words, usually about 100-1000 words or less. A flash fiction can be as short as Earnest Hemingway’s 6-word memoir, “For sale: baby’s shoes; never worn.” The example below was written by former student to express a person’s many facets as an individual: 4. Chick Lit - It is a heroine-centered fiction narrative; usually focus on the trials of the protagonist. Below is an excerpt of a chick lit taken from Wattpad. One needs to download the Wattpad App and the story to experience reading chick lit. 5. Blog - a regularly updated web page or website that is written in conversational style.