Present Simple Grammar PDF

# Present Simple Grammar ## Introduction - Simple present and present progressive → There are some connections between them. - **Present**: before an action - **Absent**: after an action ## Why is it called "Simple"? - Because it has a simple structure and usually we have one verb but sometimes we...

# Present Simple Grammar ## Introduction - Simple present and present progressive → There are some connections between them. - **Present**: before an action - **Absent**: after an action ## Why is it called "Simple"? - Because it has a simple structure and usually we have one verb but sometimes we have more ## Present Simple Structure: - Any English sentence consists of Subject $+$ Predicate - **Subject:** the first part of the sentence - **Predicate:** the second part of the sentence ## Nominal Sentences - There are nominal sentences and verbal sentences in the Arabic language. - Only verbal sentences are used in the English language. - If a sentence doesn't have a verb, It is not a sentence in English. ## Parts of a Predicate - Object - Verb - Verb $+$ Object - Verb $+$ Complement - Adverb - etc. ## Examples - If a sentence says, "You go", "You" is the Subject and "go" is the Predicate. - The verb "goes" is the only part of the predicate that changes in the present tense. - There are different variations of the present tense and the base form of the verb. ## The present tense of the verb "to be" - Using "to be" in the present tense, we use "is, am, are, was" ## Affirmative Verbs - When using "to be" in the present tense, we add "s" to the end of the verb for the third person singular (i.e. he, she, it). - Example: - They cook cake. - He cooks cake. ## Negative Verbs - Using "to be" in the present tense and the negative form, we use "do, does and did" - Example: - They don't cook cake. - He doesn't cook cake. ## When to use Base form vs. Present Participle - After "do, does, did" we use the base form of the verb. - After the main verb , we use the present participle (verb + ing). ## Modal Verbs - Modal verbs include will, would, can, could, must, should, etc - After using a Modal verb, we use the base form of the verb ## What is the present simple used for? - We use the present tense when we are talking about something happening now, without a specific time. It's a general description of something. ### Examples: - He is short. - He has blue eyes. - He wears a blue shirt. - He works hard. - This is describing a general characteristic - He is working hard. - This is describing a specific event right now. ## Present simple and facts - The present simple is often used to describe facts. - The fact doesn't have to be constant. - For example, "I study medicine." - In the past, you might have done something else, but now you study medicine, so it's a fact about your life.