Intellectual Revolutions and Society - Pres STS Group 1 PDF

intellectual revolutions and society Group 1  Group Members Gerard Adriano Jiezel Kyle Joy Aubrey Alvarez Bandola Jasmine Bulanadi Engelyn Sanchez...

intellectual revolutions and society Group 1  Group Members Gerard Adriano Jiezel Kyle Joy Aubrey Alvarez Bandola Jasmine Bulanadi Engelyn Sanchez Capalad intellectual revolution and society This section reviews the intellectual revolutions that changed the way people perceive the influence of science on society Jasmine Bulanadi in general. It focuses on three of the most important intellectual revolution in the history: COPERNICAN, DARWINIAN, AND FREUDIAN. intellectual revolution and society By discussing these intellectual revolutions in the context of science, technology and society, the attention of students are drawn again toward the complex interplay of the various social contexts and development of the modern science. The section also engages students in critical analysis of ongoing intellectual and scientific revolutions, which they may find themselves to be part of. COPERNICAN REVOLUTION copernican revolution Copernicus formulated the heliocentric model of the universe. At the time, the belief was that the earth was the center of the solar system based on geocentric model. copernican revolution Copernicus introduced the heliocentric model in 40 page outline entitled Commentariolus and published De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (The Revolution of Celestial Sphere) in 1543. Copernican The idea that the Sun is at the center of the universe Revolution instead of the Earth proved to be unsettling to many when Copernicus first introduced his model. In fact, the heliocentric model was met with huge resistance, primarily from the Church, accusing Copernicus of heresy. At the time, the idea that it was not the Earth, and, by extension, not man, that was at the center of all creation was unthinkable. Copernicus faced persecution from the Church because of this. Engelyn Sanchez Capalad Copernican Moreover, although far more sensible than the Ptolemaic model, which as early as the 13th century had been criticized for its shortcomings, Revolution the Copernican model also had multiple inadequacies that were later filled in by astronomers who participated in revolution. Nonetheless, despite problems with the model and the persecution of the Church, the heliocentric model was soon accepted by other scientists of the time, most profoundly by Galileo Galilei. Copernican The contribution of the Copernican Revolution is far- reaching. It served as a catalyst to sway scientific thinking away from age of the Earth relative to an Revolution enlightened understanding of the universe. This marked the beginning of modern astronomy. Although very slowly, the heliocentric model eventually caught among other astronomers who further refined the model on and contributed to the recognition of heliocentrism. This was capped off by Isaac Newton's work a century later. Thus, the Copernican Revolution marked a turning point in the study of cosmology and astronomy making it a truly important intellectual revolution. Darwinian Revolution Charles darwin English Naturalist, Geologist, and Biologist Credited for stirring an important intellectual revolution in mid - 19th century Charles darwin He published the "On The Origin of Species" (1859) Joy Aubrey Bandola Darwinian Revolution Darwin's theory of evolution was, of course, met with resistance and considered to be controversial. Critics accused the theory of being either short in accounting for the broad and complex evolutionary Gerard Adriano process or dismissive of the idea that the functional design of organisms was a manifestation of an omniscient God. The Darwinian Revolution can be likened to the Copernican Revolution in its demonstration of the power of the laws of nature in explaining biological phenomena of survival and reproduction. Darwinian Revolution The place of the Darwinian Revolution in modern science cannot be underestimated. Through the Darwinian Revolution, the development of organisms and the origin of unique forms of life and humanity could be rationalized by a lawful system or an orderly process of change underpinned by laws of nature. fREUDIAN rEVOLUTION Jiezel Kyle Alvarez SIGMUND FREUD Austrian Neurologist Credited for stirring 20th-Century Intellectual Revolution named after him  psychoanalysis School of thought in Psychology At the center of Freudian Revolution Scientific method of understanding inner and unconscious conflicts embedded within one’s personality, springing from free association, dreams, and fantasy. Unconscious mind Where feelings, thoughts, urges, emotions, and memories are stored outside of the conscious awareness. psychoanalytic Concept  psychoanalytic Concept psychosexual Development Libido ego A central element of Sigmund’s One of the key constructs in psychoanalytic theory, describing Refers to the energy of the Freud’s model of the psyche, how personality develops through a sexual drive as a component balancing the demands of series of childhood stages in which pleasure-seeking energies focus on of the life instinct the id, the superego, and distinct erogenous zones. reality  controversy Because it proposed that humans are inherently pleasure-seeking individuals. Particularly caught in the crossfire of wether Freud’s psychoanalysis fit in the scientific study of the brain and mind  Criticism from Biologists Scientists working on biological approach in studying human behavior criticized psychoanalysis for lack of vitality and bordering on being unscientific as a theory. particularly Freud's theories on the Oedipus and Electra complexes. Oedipus & electra Complexes Sexual desire towards the parent of the opposite sex and exclusion of the parent of the same sex  IMPACT ON PSYCHOTHERAPHY Amid controversy, Freud's psychoanalysis had a major influence on psychotherapeutic practices in the early 20th century. Psychodynamic therapies that treat a myriad of psychological disorders still remain largely informed by Freud's work on psychoanalysis Thank You