Intro to Computing Reviewer (Prelims, PDF)

***Prelims*** ***Intro to Computing Reviewer*** **1.1 Application of Computer in different fields.** Below are examples of the industries, areas, and different fields using computers. 1. Banks and Financial - ATM - Digital Currency - Trading 2. Business - Register - Worker's co...

***Prelims*** ***Intro to Computing Reviewer*** **1.1 Application of Computer in different fields.** Below are examples of the industries, areas, and different fields using computers. 1. Banks and Financial - ATM - Digital Currency - Trading 2. Business - Register - Worker's computer - Server 3. Communication - E-mail - VoIP - Computer-assisted speech - Voice recognition 4. Defense and Military - Encryption - GPS - Computer-aided flight - Drones 5. Education - Internet - Learning - Writing - Keep records 6. Internet - DNS - Web server - Programs - Services 7. Medical - Medical Records - Monitoring - Diagnosis - Surgery 8. Transportation 9. Multimedia 10. Robotics **1.2 Computer Concept** **Computer --** Electronic device that accepts data from the user, process, produce results, display result and store it for future usage **Data --** A collection of unorganized facts & figures. **Information --** Structured data, organized meaningful and processed data. **Characteristics of a Computer** 1. *Its is a machine* -- Needs human intervention to operate 2. *It is electronic* -- Made up of electronic components and is run by electricity. 3. *It is automatic* -- Can perform a set of instructions uninterruptedly once instructed. 4. *It can manipulate data* -- Can come up with an output given an input data. 5. *It has memory* -- Can store and retrieve information. 6. *It has logical functions* -- Capable of performing mathematical and logical operations. **Capabilities of a Computer** 1. Speed -- Process data at a very high speed 2. Accuracy -- Process the data prepared by the user. 3. Repetitiveness -- Computers can work continuously and repetitively 4. Storage -- Can store and retrieve large amount of data. 5. Programmable -- Can take series of instruction and execute them. **Classification of a Computer** **()** **General Purpose Computer** -- Capable of dealing with a variety of task **Special Purpose Computer** -- Designed to perform a specific task. Limited capability. **() Analog Computers --** Deals with changing physical data. **Digital Computers --** Work with values that are discrete or data that can be counted **Hybrid Computers --** With capabilities of analog and digital computers. **() Microcomputers --** Small, portable computers. Uses microprocessor. **Minicomputers --** Middle of microcomputer and mainframe. Acts as server. **Mainframe --** Oldest category. Size of a jeep. **Supercomputer --** Biggest and fastest. Performs 50 million instruction per second. **1.3 History of Computer** **Pre-Modern Era** - ***Manual-Mechanical Device --** Powered by hand, requires physical effort from user.* *Abacus* -- First man-made computing device; Invented in China *Napier's Bones* -- Numbers printed by bones; John Napier *Oughtred's Slide Rule* -- Movable bars used for solving problems; William Oughtred *Pascaline* -- First mechanical calculator; Blaise Pascal. *Leibnitz Calculator* -- Improved Pascaline; Gottfried Leibnitz. - **Electro-mechanical Devices --** Powered by electronic motor. Hollerith's Punch Card Machine -- Punched cards to store data; Herman Hollerith. Automatic Weaving Loom -- Uses concept of punch card to control looms Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (MARK I) -- First general-purpose computer. - **Electronic Devices --** Uses electrical switches. circuit board, transistor, silicon chips